Cruisers Okuvikelwe "USvetlana": umlando, izithombe

Russian Imperial Navy anqobe ulwandle isikhala isikhathi eside. imikhumbi yakhe azibonakalisa impi njengoba nesibindi bebaqine "amadoda." Isiphetho yempi ngamunye ongumhluphi, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwakuhlukile ngokuphelele. Ezinye owakhonza iminyaka eminingi, abanye abangu liyohlala ephepheni. I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "USvetlana" uhlobo ungazange isigcwaliseke ngokuphelele. Yini engase ishiwo Cruisers evikelwe besigaba 1st.

Eyokuqala "USvetlana"

Omkhulu womkhumbi wokuqala igama elifanayo uvele 1896. Kwakuthinta evikelwe Cruisers, elakhiwa emhlabathini French. Ekuqaleni abangababi bemisebenzi yaso kwakuwukulungisa ukusekela yacht imperial Alexei Alexandrovich. Ngokuphathelene ngenhloso yokulwa, kepha kungekho muntu owayengase uthi.

Ngaphambi ukuklama isikhathi eside ukuhlonza ukuthi umsebenzi lomkhumbi. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kube "USvetlana": Cruisers evikelwe noma yempi esindayo? Lokho kufana, izikhali kanye ncwadi? Wonke la maphuzu wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1894.

imbangela

ukuklama "iqhawe" entsha uqalile kuleli hlobo. Per esihlalweni impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu alwa izicelo eziningi. Lokhu ifektri Franco-Russian, izinkampani eziningana ezivela UK, Germany neFrance. Phakathi okukhethwa eziningi for ingqikithi eziyisikhombisa ke kwavunyelwana iziphakamiso ukuthi ingxenye enkulu kwakungamadodana sesimanje omunye Cruisers England.

Esigabeni esilandelayo kwakuba ukukhethwa iziphakamiso ezikhona. Ekugcineni, isinqumo senziwe umusa izinkampani ezivela eFrance. Le phrojekthi isikhumbuza enye Cruisers French Friant. Ngemva umkhumbi wadabula wamaphepha, wayengathi kuphela ukunikeza igama. "USvetlana", a impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, 1896, ngazuza igama layo, sibonga uNicholas II ngo-1985.

Nge iphepha elihambayo

Kakade ekupheleni 1895 le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "USvetlana" yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni. izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokhu, kanye izindlu ezakhiwa kule Le Havre, boilers futhi wadala e Belleville. Lo msebenzi wathatha indawo ngokushesha kangangokuthi ngonyaka esingaphansi kamuva le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu emanzini. Ngonyaka olandelayo kwanqunywa ukuba afeze izivivinyo.

Ngokwemvelo, ijaji abakhulu baba ikhasimende Alexei Alexandrovich, osevele ngo-1897, sagibela "imoto ezintantayo". Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwalandelwa ehlukile Yiqiniso impi-ihlolwe futhi wezikhali, futhi ekugcineni, ngo-1898, "USvetlana" ayikwazanga siqalile ukusebenza, futhi Omkhulu Duke walithatha lemukelekako.

Ukubukeka - awuyona into eyinhloko?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubonakala impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwaba olungenayo izici imikhumbi French. Emphemeni kwakuvame kancane bodwa emnsalweni, ngase ngiqoqa inqama yathuthukiswa, futhi sithambekele ekwenzeni tube lukhuni aqinise ensikeni yaso.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi "USvetlana" ivikelwe Cruisers, it is hhayi bancishwa yokubhuka amanani aphezulu. Emphemeni has a ukushuba 25 mm, ke slants ayemaningi - 25 no-50 kwangu. Conning umbhoshongo ngokuphephile evikelwe izindonga armored 100 mm nophahla 25 mm. Cannon liphinde livikele izihlangu 25mm.

Izici

Ngokwe-project, abantu 270 kuphela engalingana "USvetlana". Cruiser, indaba yendalo engasekelwa zihlukaniswa yini ephawulekayo, ekuhlolweni iye yabonisa ukuthi ingaqoqa ebhodini 400. Nakuba lokhu kwakunganele. Ngokwe-inhloko-Naval Abasebenzi, nezisebenzi ukulwa kwadingeka ukuba uthole enye amatilosi 73.

Nge ijubane futhi kwakukhona abanye ezinganembile. Ngu umqondo sokuqala, ithuthukiswe isivinini impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwamafindo engaphezu kwengu-20. Kungokufanayo kuboniswa nokuhlolwa. Kodwa ke umkhumbi lulayisheke ngokugcwele, ngakho ungase ucabangele lokhu sibalo ayilungile. Lokhu iphutha is ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela ukuhlolwa lapho "USvetlana" ahlonyiselwe ikhanda ivuliwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izibalo amandla lenyuka cishe 9900 amahhashi, "imoto ezintantayo" yazuza ifindo 19 kuphela.

Esinye isici okubizwa ngokuthi "ukugcwaliswa". Cruiser "USvetlana" kwaba ifakwe amafulethi ahlukene zikanokusho ezaziyincithakalo kahle axazulule Prince Alexei. Kube khona ihholo emnyango, reception lounge, namahhovisi, lokulala namanye amagumbi. Indawo Dynamos kumelwe futhi kushukumise kude endaweni yokuphumula, yesikhulumi acinene ukunciphisa kunomsindo.

Hhayi enkonzweni futhi babe nobungane

Ekuqaleni ukusebenza yayo umkhumbi wawususukile uhlobo nemibukiso ukuthi amehlo. Yena bamhlohla amanzi Europe, wavakashela Portugal, Kronstadt. Ekupheleni kwekhulu ngaya emcimbini wokuvulwa itheku St Catherine. Kuze 1903 afike wakhonza khona njengenceku yacht siqu Prince Alexei.

Ekuqaleni 1904 kwanqunywa ukuba athathe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ku service isigaba Pacific. Ukwandiswa nezisebenzi nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi Suez umsele. "USvetlana 'kwakwenziwa ngendlela ephawulekayo behlisa ukuhlola lamabutho 18 ifindo. Ukudubula kwadingeka kuphela zezemfundo ngokwemvelo.

ukulwa ebulalayo

impi kokugcina "USvetlana" kwaba impi Meyi 15. Ngaphambi kwalokho, lo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu iqhaza empini, okuyinto ihlaselwe wakora amathani 350 wamanzi. Ikhala ke uya ngaphansi kwamanzi emude ngesigamu imitha. Ngakho, izinga lehla 15 ifindo. Umkhumbi wahlala waphawuleka isikhathi eside. He is ngemuva "Aurora" futhi "U-Oleg", kodwa ebusuku engatholakala ngumbhubhisi "Quick" bathatha ku.

Ngezinye emihlanu ekuseni induna wabona Dazhelet isiqhingi futhi wayefuna yini ukuba sisondele kuye ukuze sixazulule inkinga, ukumpompa amanzi futhi ulethe umkhumbi ukuze. Uma ingozi isidlulile ngu "USvetlana", kodwa kamuva umkhumbi sibonwe Cruisers ezimbili Japanese futhi kubabulali. Kuyothi lapho izikhulu aqaphela ukuthi mancane amathuba anjalo they ncisheka cha hamba, sanquma ukuthatha ukulwa, futhi esimweni nolokubhujiswa ukucwila umkhumbi.

Yiqiniso, uma umonakalo onjalo nabathathu "USvetlana" ayikwazanga ukusinda. Kusese amahora 11 we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngosuku amanga ohlangothini lwesobunxele, waqala kujule kuze phansi. imikhumbi Japanese kwesokunxele bronepalubnogo bafe olwandle, kuyilapho bona waphuthuma ukuze "fast" kanye nezinye "izisulu". Ukuphumelela izikhulu kanye amatilosi bophulwe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Melika Maru".

"USvetlana" okusha

isinqumo ukusungulwa "USvetlana" ukukhanya impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu uhlobo wamukelwa ngonyaka 1907. Lesi sinyathelo kwabangelwa ukwehluleka empini Russian-Japanese. Ngu First World abazange ukuphatha ukuqedela umsebenzi revolution ekhuluphalisiweyo esizayo kuchungechunge Cruisers.

Ngenxa yalokho, yonke izinhlelo wakhulelwa waqalwa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "USvetlana" ngo-1913. Kwakuthinta ngihlaliswa amanzi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, kodwa ulwa ayemiselwe uqale kuphela ngo-1928. I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ukukhanya "USvetlana" kwaba kamuva uqambe kabusha kuqala "Profintern", kamuva "Red eCrimea". Ngaphansi isibongo wayehileleka neMpi Yezwe II.

"Admiral Butakov" kusukela uchungechunge ofanayo wethulwa ngo-1916, kodwa akazange imiselwe ukuza ukusebenza. Asele ezimbili impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral yamathebhu" futhi "Admiral Spiridonov" ngo-1926 zabuye zakhiwa emathangini avuzayo. Eyokuqala sasisibi Tuapse ngenxa isiphepho yesibili nayo yashona elwa oLwandle Azov esikhathini ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.