Polish nomholi wezempi sezombusazwe Sikorskiy Vladislav: Biography, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Pole Władysław Sikorski baba ngiyabonga elidume iqhaza emzabalazweni uzimele geqe ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Yena bakwazile ukuhlanganisa kwezempi umsebenzi brilliant zezombusazwe. Ngemva kokuthathwa kwendawo yase-Poland yi-Third Reich Sikorski baba usihlalo wokudingiswa uhulumeni-in-. Washona ukuphahlazeka, izimo zalo baba ayizidleke sebuningini itulo ithiyori.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Ngokuzayo sezombusazwe basePoland nomholi wezempi Sikorskiy Vladislav wazalwa Meyi 20, 1881 ku gmina tuszów narodowy - idolobhana elincane Galicia. Khona-ke, esifundeni ingeyamakhosi Austro-Hungarian Empire, kodwa bakhona kwakungenxa Slavic. Umfana kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme e Lviv (Lemberg) kanye libhaliswe wendawo Polytechnic Institute. Ngaleso sikhathi, Poland lalihlukene phakathi eRussia kanye Habsburg Empire. Akumangazi ukuthi Sikorskiy Vladislav baba ngokuzimisela kule nhlangano kazwelonke. E Lviv, waba nengxenye ekudalweni kwazo izinhlangano Polish wenkululeko.

Ngo-1908, insizwa ethile wajoyina umzabalazo esebenzayo ngokumelene Union. I-Polish inhlangano paramilitary "Sagittarius", wakhethwa usihlalo. Nakuba anti-Austria ngo-Galicia rose inhliziyo, Europe nakanjani esondela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-1914, amaphekula Serbian esingu indlalifa yase-Austria Franz Ferdinand. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona isizathu empini eye babanjwe wonke Old World. -Austria-Hungary neRussia bazithola ezinhlangothini ezahlukene ngothango. I nabasePoland, ogama emazweni yahlukaniswa phakathi kwamabutho imibuso emibili babelungiselela impi ngoba uzibuse. Sikorskiy Vladislav wayengomunye wabaholi ezimatasa ezinhlangano zomzabalazo wenkululeko.

Ukulwela ukukhipha ukuzimela

Ngemva kokuthi i-okuhlaselayo akuphumelelanga yebutho Russian e yaseMpumalanga Prussia, Central Amandla matasa izifundazwe entshonalanga elalingelamaFilisti Russia. Phakathi la mazwe kwaba uMbuso Poland - ukuzimela Polish ngaphakathi umbuso.

Ngo-1916, Sikorskiy Vladislav baba umsekeli eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary, waqala ikhathaze ukuze kwakhiwe isimo sezwe ngokusekelwa Central Amandla. Lesi simo sengqondo siye kwaholela eqinisweni umlawuli wangena ezingqubuzana umholi kazwelonke Yuzefom Pilsudskim, owayekholelwa ukuthi indawo Poland kufanele ugweme ukusekelwa nomakhelwane bayo.

Ngo umfelandawonye Germany

Noma kunjalo, ngo-1916 i-project Sikorski waqalwa ngempela. Novemba 5 sasayinwa isenzo, owawuthi eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary, waqaphela u LoMbuso elisha kwezintathu yePoland. Lesi simo kwaba satellite of omakhelwane yaso engaphambili enamandla.

AmaJalimane weyengenandaba ukuzimela Polish, bona kuphela wayefuna ukuba acele ukusekela nabasePoland yalahla iRussia. Nokho ngenkathi Władysław Sikorski wahlala umsekeli eJalimane nase-Austria, enethemba ngokusisekela kwabo ukusungulwa geqe. Ngo 1916-1918 GG. umlawuli eyingoduso kulelo nabasePoland waqoqa ku ibutho Central Amandla.

Entsha ibutho Polish

November 11, 1918 ku Warsaw, izidlamlilo Polish disarmed ikampu German. Germany wayeshonelwe nje kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, bese inguquko yaqala lapho. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ePoland ukusekelwa German azikwazanga ukulondolozwa ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva isiqephu ngenhla e Warsaw weza Jozef Pilsudski, owaba inhloko yezwe. Futhi ngo-November, Władysław Sikorski waqokwa induna abasebenzi yempi Galicia.

Nakuba kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala iphelile, Poland ayesazobhekana sifinyelele ukuqala ukuthula endaweni yayo. Iwusongo izwe laseRussia-Soviet. AmaBolshevik, emisa amandla alo ku emanxiweni umbuso kubhidlika, kubhekwe Poland njengoba ngenxa yabo. Impi phakathi omakhelwane baqala ngoJanuwari 1919. Lenin wayebheka umkhankaso njengoba esigabeni sokuqala emhlabeni revolution yesigaba sabasebenzi. Kancane kancane, emva ukunqotshwa elandelanayo amaqembu amhlophe nezimpi ehlukile, iRed Army bagxila kule isiqondiso entshonalanga wonke amandla akhe.

ngokumelene amaBolshevik

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi ngokumelene Soviet Russia amaPolish nomholi wezempi sezombusazwe Sikorskiy Vladislav waya Polesskii ngebutho lempi, lapho aba nomyali. Wayefanele ahlele ibutho kusuka ekuqaleni. amabutho Polish azange abe esiyinkimbinkimbi esilawula izinto olulodwa, futhi isakhiwo ecacile. Reforge sokuzithandela amabutho endaweni iziphathimandla ibutho evamile namanje akazange abe nesikhathi. Phakathi nempi, Poland Kwakudingeka baqale ngokoqobo ngezandla angenalutho.

Nokho, ngemva kwaba sobala ukuthi amaBolshevik banciphisa Okuyınqo, ibutho lahlela ngokushesha futhi liqondiswa. Negalelo elikhulu kule mpumelelo ukwenze Władysław Sikorski. Biography of lo muntu - sibonelo esigqamile biography of umholi wamasosha, ukuzama isandla sakhe ezihlukahlukene amakhono e ekomkhulu ensimini umsebenzi. Akumangazi ukuthi ubuholi obusha isimo kubhekwa kufaneleka ukuphathisa kuye nge ekufezeni imisebenzi eminingana.

ukusebenza Kiev

Sikorski wamiswa njengelungu leqembu "Polesie" wamabutho ngo-August 1919. Okwesikhathi esithile ecaleni lakhe beseseLéopoldville eduze Minsk. Khona-ke, lapho athathwa khona Mozyr. IRed Army okungenani izikhathi ezine wazama ukuba baphinde babe edolobheni, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ngo-April 1920, umlawuli wamabutho wathatha iqhaza sokuhlasela ukusebenza Kiev wasithatha dolobha Ukrainian elalihlala amaBolshevik. Ukuhlaselwa Kwakuseshwa indawo esemngceleni kusukela Olevsk ukuze Mozyr. Kulesi kokuhlinzwa, nabasePoland asekelwe ibutho 15000th ka Simona Petlyury.

Apreli 28 Woodland iqembu amabutho Polish emgqeni kwaba Vinnitsa - Kazatin - eChernobyl. Ngakusasa bamasha omunye amakhilomitha 90 yahlala emaphethelweni edolobha lase-Kiev. Phakathi naso sonke lesi ngendlela nabasePoland akazange uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi ukumelana. Soviet umlawuli wamabutho Sergei Mezheninov wahoxisa amabutho akhe ngenxa yokwesaba ngxabano ngqo isitha abathola unhlangothi.

Sikorski (Sikorski) Vladislav, kanye nozakwabo waya Kiev, Meyi 8, 1920. Nokho, lokhu impumelelo wawungowesikhashana. Kakade ngo-May 14 Red Army iphansi kwesandla sika-"idemoni kulwiwa" Mihaila Tuhachevskogo lowacala counteroffensive, ngenxa lapho nabasePoland kwadingeka ukuba usheshe ashona. lwaphuka Juni 5 ngaphambili. 12 iRed Army langena Kiev. Agasti 6 Iqembu "Polesie" yahlakazeka. Sikorski fuza phatha of Army 5th.

ukusebenza Warsaw

Tukhachevsky esiphikisayo kuhlasela zaphoqa nabasePoland ashona. Army yebutho lidlule kuleli dolobha elisha. Kulesi ekusakazeni beniyingxenye wayala ngqo Sikorski Vladislav. UMlawuli, Nokho, akazange ukudweba izandla futhi yayilungiselela udweshu juqu nge amaBolshevik.

Ngomzuzu wokugcina, lapho igazi agelezé kakade eduze Warsaw, Army yakhe 5th okumisiwe isitha kuya enyakatho yenhloko-dolobha. amandla Tukhachevsky kakhulu welulela futhi babe sengozini ukuhlasela Poland. ibutho Sikorski sika bakusebenzisa lokhu futhi waphula kwababusi amaBolshevik, kokuba wathutha amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ngobusuku juqu ewela Agasti 15 ukumsiza eze division iphansi kwesandla sika-Lyutsiana Zheligovskogo.

Le mpumelelo ukuvumele in-Chief Yuzefu Pilsudskomu ukusilungiselela kangcono oluzayo esiphikisayo kuhlasela, eyayizoba ukuhlukana Poland we 'nenhlupho elibomvu ". umnikelo Sikorski ukuba wangisiza Poland yayinkulu. Yena yanikezelwa yayinodumo kakhulu kunabo kazwelonke ukuze lempi - "Ukuze alamandla empi". Ngo-April 1921, walandelwa esikhundleni Pilsudski in-Chief yebutho kanye neNhloko Jikelele Abasebenzi.

iminyaka obunokuthula

Lapho kuqala Umhlaba Sikorski wangena kwezombusazwe. Ngo-December 1922 - May 1923. wayengumuntu undunankulu ngesikhathi esifanayo wakhonza njengephayona uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi. Uhulumeni oholwa yi-Sikorski ngakwazi ukuthola isitifiketi sokuba kusuka ukuqashelwa Western yemida ayakha ngemva bayanqoba empini emelene-USSR. Ukuze Poland lathathwa umbuso entshonalanga esifundeni Ukraine futhi Belarusian.

Kusukela ngo-1928, Sikorsky esehlala ekudingisweni eFrance. Ezizosuka kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi inqubomgomo ingenye a baxgeki vocal kakhulu ke uhulumeni. Ayichitha wezempi French benza nje - engena Ephakeme Military School. Ukubikezela akakhohliswanga Sikorski. Ukuthula eYurophu yaba ngeyesikhashana.

IMpi Yezwe II

Lapho eJalimane kaHitler ngo-1939, yahlasela iPoland, owayehlala ekudingisweni Władysław Sikorski wazama ukuthola kusukela ubuholi ezweni uya khona ngezihluthu. Le mizamo baba yize. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eFrance waqala kumiswa ibutho Polish ekudingisweni. Le nqubo eParis futhi waba inhloko yalawa Sikorskiy Vladislav. Pole wenza konke ayengakwenza kuze izwe lakhe ngokushesha esondela ukuhlulwa.

Ingakapheli inyanga ngemva kwempi waqala Sikorski waba undunankulu e kokudingiselwa uhulumeni-in-. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, ibutho 84000th Polish sidalwe eFrance. Lapho Okwesithathu Republic kwahlaselwa amaJalimane, amabutho Sikorsky bezama ukumisa umphehli wodweshu. Ngemva kokunqotshwa France futhi uhulumeni Polish, futhi izinsalela amabutho akhe abaleka eNgilandi.

Lapho eJalimane behlasela i-USSR, Sikorski waya resumption of enobudlelwane neSoviet Union. Kokulinganisa of ubudlelwano yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ngokushesha amaJalimane, ngubani matasa njengengxenye yensimu Soviet, eyakhululwa ulwazi mayelana ukubhuqwa Katyn. Izindaba udlame ngesihluku NKVD zikhulu iziboshwa Polish empi yaholela kwenye break. Sikorski ophoqa Churchill ukuyeka ngokubambisana neNhlangano USSR. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, ngo-July 4, 1943, kusho uNdunankulu esekudingisweni, kanye nendodakazi yakhe wabulawa zendiza eyaphahlazeka eduze Gibraltar. ukufa okuzumayo kwaba kuzithinta yokugcina inqubomgomo ukuphila. Njengoba nje kokushintsha futhi egcwele ematfuba abukhali kwadingeka zonke ukuphila kwakhe konke. Vladislav Sikorsky nokufa kwakhe namanje zibangele okuningi lwendaba. Polak wangcwatshwa eNgilandi khona Churchill. Umlotha iqhawe lesizwe wayiswa izwe lakubo ngo-1993.