Midshipmen - akusiwona nje nebalingisi ifilimu esiyinhloko sehlelo

Ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-1988 ifilimu kuqondiswe yi Svetlana Druzhininoj "Naval Labaqalayo, Phambili!" Abaningi eqiniseka ukuthi amazwi amahle langaphandle elivela isihloko, imayelana kuyafana ukuthi we musketeer. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana midshipmen - a ephonseka amadoda eliselincane, ngubani njalo esilwa izinkemba, nice ogibele amahhashi nokuhlanganyela kwabo asebenzayo izingobe esigodlweni kuthinte inkambo yomlando. Shot amafilimu okwengeziwe mayelana ukuqhubeka ukuzidela kuphela wakuqinisekisa lokhu umbono. Kodwa nanti izwi oqhoshayo umlando walo, okuyinto edinga akukho amabutho lwaluthintwa bezincwadi eziqanjiwe zomlando.

Midshipmen - ubani lo?

Garde de zasolwandle ( "ukuphepha kwabahamba olwandle") - kuyinto isikhundla oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, eyasungulwa umsunguli ngoxhaxha Russian uPeter Omkhulu ngu ukufaka esikhundleni igama "Navigator" bacela kusukela lapho bekhuluma isiFulentshi. Kwathi 1716 ku amakilasi translation, ukuqeqesha imikhumbi izinduna ikusasa YaseMoscow School of Mathematical futhi olwandle Sciences, obabukhona iminyaka engaba ngu-15, baliyisa enhloko-dolobha entsha. Petersburg, ku isisekelo yabo lasungulwa i-Naval Academy.

Ngokombono uPetru, isihloko Lesisemkhatsini kwaba: midshipmen are labo ngempumelelo wafunda imfundiso yokuziphendukela ezidingekayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka ezisebenzisekayo nesipiliyoni awakulindele inkonzo yesikhathi njengoba umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle. Abantu babizwa ngeziqu ezithile unikelwa abaphothula Academy phambi ukubadedela ku ngoxhaxha, lapho wathola ezisebenzisekayo e seamanship futhi izisebenzi umyalo nabasebenza asolwandle. Kuye ubudala, bona zahlukaniswa abaphezulu junior.

"Empini - amasosha, ngokuhamba - amatilosi '

State midshipmen yokuqala emhlanganweni lasolwandle abasha Russian wamiswa ngo inani abantu 300. Egqoke ifomu ekhethekile - umfaniswano lo Preobrazhensky ibutho, bawamukela okuqukethwe ilingana nenani lezinombolo of izibonelelo lamabutho Guard, okuyinto iphinde ihlukanise kubo kusukela amatilosi abavamile. Kodwa enkonzweni banayo, ngokuvumelana Charter, isetshenziswa njengoba oda aphansi, kanye nemisebenzi efanayo.

Inhlonipho ukusekelwa okunjalo kusukela ezinhlwini nezisebenzi kwakunzima. Ayengaziqondi: amasosha - ubani lo? Zibona umkhuba eziphila olwandle kusuka phansi, drayat emphemeni futhi ukukhuphuka insika, setha oseyili, kanye amatilosi abavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babefanele bayoqeqeshwa nsuku zonke nge icala amaphoyisa asolwandle Itilosi sika, ukuphathwa umkhumbi wezikhali umlilo futhi bahlanganyele uqeqesho combat nge musket. Babefanele njalo izifundo "umagazini puteplavaniya", okuyinto lwenziwe ukuqapha yokuqeqeshwa kwabo. Lapho abashisekayo ngokuphathelene midshipman kusevisi futhi esiwusizo ukuqeqeshwa izinduna wakhishwa "Kuvele isitifiketi ekuvumeleni" owawungumnyaka yokwemukela nokuhlolisiswa UWarrant. Ngamanye amazwi, lo amasosha - ibizwa ngokuthi, futhi izinhlanzi noma izinyoni, uma nje musa ovivinyweni lokugcina, ayikwazanga ibhekwe izikhulu agcwele asolwandle.

inkampani midshipman

Ngemva kokufa kaPetru kwenza kube brainchild ozithandayo - ngoxhaxha Russian - waqala kancane kancane ukunqaba. Bakhandwa kwehliswa zenani gardemariny. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni iqiniso lokuthi ayengakhishwa benziwe inkampani eyodwa ngesikhathi Naval Academy, futhi izikhathi eziningana lisuswe kusuka Petersburg ukuba Kronstadt futhi emuva. Winter amasosha wafunda esikoleni, umkhuba ehlobo ngesikhathi ezinkantolo, kodwa ngokuvamile ngenxa inombolo encane yempi emachwebeni ababebakhonza izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe (NCO) tikhundla. Manje midshipman wangeniswa somunye esicongweni Iphoyisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 7 eminyakeni enkonzo, kodwa ngemva iqhaza emikhankasweni ezintathu, futhi kuphela uma kukhona umsebenzi isikhulu sika.

Ngo 1752, i-Naval Academy midshipman kanye nenkampani abangu uyekwa futhi aba yingxenye esungulwe Marine ubusosha Corps. Manje, izikhulu asolwandle esizayo wafunda iminyaka emithathu. amasosha Elizabethan - kuyinto bafundi abenza unyaka wokugcina, futhi abaya kuwo nabantwana bami ababili bokuqala, nabizelwa amasosha. Kamuva seyaziwa ngokuthi midshipmen abafundi konke ekhethekile - ubunjiniyela, wezikhali, njll - .. izifundo Marine. isikhundla kwesosha ka midshipman sahoxiswa lemikhumbi yempi.

izikhulu asolwandle kabusha ukuqeqeshwa uhlelo

Lokhu kwaqhubeka cishe ekhulwini. Ngu phakathi XIX leminyaka umyalo yemikhumbi isiRashiya, kwaba sobala ukuthi banikezwe isikhundla yesisebenti ensizweni ngokushesha ngemva kweminyaka esikoleni akusi kuhle. Okokuqala, i-Black Sea Fleet e Nikolaev, inkampani yangasese amasosha yasungulwa, kanye omusha osanda kwethulwa isihloko kwesosha ngo-1860. I ke amasosha - uhlobo ukubuya umsuka kaPetru. Injongo yokusungulwa yabo Navy kwaba isidingo ukunikeza intsha - abaphothula Naval ubusosha Corps futhi Nikolaev inkampani midshipman - olusemthethweni futhi seamanship.

Ngu isimo salo lasolwandle midshipmen kwakulingana ibutho uLieutenant. Ayefaka iyunifomu isikhulu, futhi bamukela iholo ekhethekile. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili yenkonzo, ngesiphakamiso umyalo, base zingeniswe ukuhlolwa practical elisezingeni Iphoyisa.

Kwaze kwaba 1882, lapho isihloko amasosha kwaphinde ayebuyele eziphambekweni abafundi ngezifundo elisesikhundleni esiphezulu Marine Corps, ababekwa waqoqa imikhuba ekude ulwandle uhambo ebhodini ekhethekile. Ekupheleni abafundi bakhe kulolo vivinyo lokugcina futhi babe midshipmen. Ngemva kwalokho isihloko midshipman wanikezwa nabafundi yezifundo yesibili futhi okhethekile nge isiqalo "omncane".

Ngo-1906, ngemva kokunqotshwa Russian ku ilwa neJapane, isabelo ngqo isihloko abaphothule abasha washintsha ukukhululwa kwabo ku Navy njengoba midshipman, kanye nonyaka owodwa emikhunjini yabo angaphandle Kwenzekani empini. Minyaka yonke eMediterranean Sea, kusale acatshangelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqeqeshwa lamabutho lwemikhumbi eziningana. Examination junior, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle wehlela phezu kokubuya kwakhe kulo mkhankaso.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, elisezingeni midshipman uyekwa.

Isimo samanje

amasosha Zanamuhla - kuyini? Ngokuvamile, abafundi lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi izikhungo ezikhethekile zemfundo ezifana inhloko-dolobha Okokuqala Marine ubusosha boarding school noma abafundi Nakhimov Naval School. Kodwa kwenzeka kunalokho ngokwesiko futhi ngokwethukela.

Akunjalo kudala kwakukhona imibiko ngamalungiselelo ukudutshulwa kumdlalo eduze ifilimu yokuzinikela, ngakho ungaqiniseka ukuthi leli gama uyaziqhenya abayophila ngolimi lwethu, nokuningi.