Izimpi Omkhulu kweMpi Yezwe I: Brusilov wokuhlasela

Izimpi kweMpi Yezwe I kuyaqabukela egqoka imvelo okuhlaselayo. Impi senzeka sluggishly isikhundla, kodwa kwaba olunegazi kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kwaba, mhlawumbe, kuphela ngo-1916, lapho umyalo Russian uhlele okuhlaselayo emikhulu e-South-Western Front. Lo mcimbi eyaziwayo ngempi nomlando njengoba Brusilov okuhlambalazayo.

Jikelele Brusilov, behlonipha okwakungeyakhe okuthiwa lo msebenzi lempi, baqashwe engavamile futhi entsha ngokuphelele ngesikhathi lamasu ukuphumelela. Khulumela kwathiwa ubhidliza ukuzivikela isitha unemangalo enamandla ohlangothini main futhi ukusekela iziteleka kanyekanye kwezinye iziqondiso. Ngakho, izinqolobane namabutho bachitheka, isitha akakwazanga kubonise babekezelela, ukulahlekelwa izikhundla zabo.

Eqinisweni Brusilov okuhlambalazayo waba isigaba esisha emlandweni ubuciko nempi.

Verkhovna izinga ngo-1916 bamukela isinqumo esekelwe isithombe mazombe imisebenzi yezempi, indima eyinhloko ecasula thatha Front Western, ngokusekelwa North. A South-Western Front, eliholwa Jikelele Brusilov, kwadingeka kuphela ukuze bazivikele futhi ukuphazamisa amabutho esitha anamandla. Nokho Brussilov mathupha waphikelela ekufezeni a okuhlaselayo full-scale kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Amalungiselelo Brusilov okuhlaselayo kwenziwa ngokucophelela futhi ababexhumana. Umyalo Austro-Hungarian ngokuvamile uyazi amacebo Entente, kodwa agcwele ukuzethemba ukuthi ngemva wehlulekile ngo-1915 amabutho Russian akazange alinge futhi ukuqhuba imisebenzi okuhlaselayo.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ibutho Russian massed ukuphula izindawo, amasosha ngafunda ukunqoba izithiyo, wezikhali - ukuphula izivikelo Imigoqo. Kwaphela izinyanga eziningana, amabutho e-South-Western Front abangu ngobuqili babeqoqana ayibonakali isitha.

Ekuseni ngo-June 4, 1916, ebuhlungu amabutho Austro-Hungarian. Bangilindela ukufa aphuphuthekise: volleys ezinkulungwane izibhamu zivulelwe owakhiwe izikhundla ebiyelweyo othulini nasemlotheni. Ukuhlaselwa amabutho Russian kuhlulekile nhlobo amaphuzu Breakout.

wezikhali waseRussia futhi elihamba isinyathelo ngokumangalisayo ngokuvumelanayo. Ngokuphephile embozwe umlilo wezikhali zabo, elihamba wathuthela kuhlasela. Zazihamba namagagasi, amathathu noma amane e uchungechunge ngamunye, at ibanga izinyathelo 170-200 kusuka komunye nomunye. Ukuhlasela kwaba "roll".

eziqhutshwa Army General Kaledin Iningi ngempumelelo flank kwesokudla bebheke Lutsk. Umuzi ngokwawo Lutsk sathathwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuqala ocasulayo, isitha esehlehlisa ngu amakhilomitha 60 ukujula, ukuze Stokhid emfuleni.

On the flank kwesokunxele Jikelele Lechitskogo ibutho yakwazi ukuthuthela kuze kube amakhilomitha angu-120, wawela Prut wathumba eChernovtsy 18 Juni.

Ngaphansi kahle isinyathelo nguJenene Army Sakharov, sibhekene ukumelana olushubile oluvela kubantu Austro-baseHungary.

Brusilov ukufohla kwakusho yinhlekelele amabutho we Triple Alliance.

Ukuze etukwetimphumelelo, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele igalelo eziyinhloko Front Western ku South-West. Ukukala isikhashana wazabalaza elinde induna Western Iqembu Amandla, Jikelele Evert abasaya ibe ukuhlaselana ngalokho asebenzayo. Nokho, akazange alinge, futhi engxenyeni yesibili ka June ukuze Brusylov reserve amasosha aqala ukufika. Zacindezelwa Supreme Command Evert bajoyine okuhlaselayo akuphumelelanga bebheke eBaranovichi.

EJalimane, e-Austria futhi Italy yaqala ngokuxhamazela ukudonsa amaviyo alo waseNingizimu-Western Front ukuvikela Kovel osendaweni ezibalulekile. Brusilov umkhankaso wokuhlasela entsha ku Kovel futhi Brody, kodwa isitha ukumelana abanolaka wakwazi usimamise isimo nezimpi. Ekupheleni kuka-June, ngo impi futhi ukusikhohlisa.

Ngokuyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi i-manqikanqika futhi okungasebenzi Bet ephuma Brusilov ukufohla akuzange wathola ukuthuthukiswa kanye nempumelelo efanele. Noma kunjalo, kulesi sehlakalo esadlala indima ebalulekile emkhankasweni ngo-1916.

Ukulahlekelwa amabutho Austro-Hungarian babe cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-isigamu ngokumelene izinkulungwane 500 kuthabathela ecaleni Russian. Isiboshwa sathathwa ayizinkulungwane 450 amasosha Austria futhi cishe 10,000 izikhulu.

Izimpi kweMpi Yezwe I Kuyaqabukela ukuba ezifana amabutho inhlanhla Entente: benqotshwa lonke eBukovina futhi ingxenye Galicia. Germany waphoqeleka ukuba uthumele ukwahlukana 16 kusukela Western Front, kanye Austria konke kuphendukile kwaba okuhlaselayo yabo bebheke e-Italy, ukuhumusha ukuze Galicia 7 ukwahlukana. Turkey kuphinde kwethulwa uqhekeko olukhona ngaphakathi 2.

Brusilov ukuphumelela futhi kuye kwaholela yokuthi Romania ngo-August 1916, wanquma ukuthatha ohlangothini Entente.

Ngakho, naphezu incompleteness Jikelele wayo, lo msebenzi brilliant lempi ngokufanelekile langena izimpi enkulu ezilikhulu emlandweni wesintu.