Era - kwesikhathi nokuthuthuka komuntu. Yiziphi engu zomhlaba?

Abantu abaningi basebenzisa igama elithi "inkathi", ikakhulukazi ngaphandle ukuthi kazi usho ukuthini. "Inkathi uVictoria", "nenkathi yamaSoviet", "Renaissance" - okuyinto wawusho yilezi imishwana, kungokwenduduzo isikhathi, kaningi esetshenziswa mlando, izazi zefilosofi, abavubukuli kanye nabanye abacwaningi?

Sencazelo "okuqinisekile"

Epoch - iyona okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho mayelana nesikhathi amayunithi. Asinakusho ukuthi lena nonyaka, amashumi, ekhulwini noma eyinkulungwane. Inkathi singase sithathe isikhathi esingenasiphelo kwesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, ngezinye izikhathi izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Konke kuncike ngezinga nesivinini nokuthuthukiswa kwesintu. Epoch - kuyinto iyunithi lapho periodization yenqubo zomlando. Leligama futhi aphathwe njengomuntu izinga ethize phakathi ukuthuthukiswa lesintu.

Periodization ukuthuthukisa umphakathi

okuqinisekile zomlando - nomqondo wefilosofi, efanekisela degree impucuko, inguquko zomuntu komunye ezingeni kwamasiko, kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomphakathi ukuthuthukiswa, ukugibela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Lezi zazi zefilosofi futhi izazi-mlando zesizukulwane izikhathi ezahlukene wazama ukuxazulula impicabadala bese udala periodization olulodwa lesifanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ososayensi wathatha nezikhathi zomlando ezithile wafunda lokho ngalezo zinsuku, ngasiphi ezingeni yentuthuko kwakukhona abantu, bese thina ehlangene nabo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi izwe lasendulo - ke ebugqilini, isikhathi esisha - capitalism, njll

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izazi-mlando ube periodization ukuthuthukisa abantu, futhi zonke zihilela ezahlukene isikhathi ozimele. Lesi sigaba ezivamile: endulo, Ephakathi, isikhathi esisha. Lo mbuzo uvuliwe kuze kube manje, ngoba ososayensi baye hhayi afinyelele kusivumelwano. Ukuhlukaniswa umlando emhlabeni ezikhathini edidayo.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa umlando

Inkathi emhlabeni - isikhathi esabiwe ngokuvumelana izimfuneko ezithile. Mhlawumbe izazi-mlando eziye nivumelana, uma uhlolwa ekukhuleni komphakathi kwenye definition. Futhi njengoba kungekho ukuvumelana sendlela ncamashi ukwabelana indaba lokho isiqalo. Abanye kubathatha njengesisekelo isimo sengqondo sabantu ukuba impahla, ezinye - ezingeni yentuthuko amabutho elikhiqizayo, abanye kuze izinkathi, ngokukhetha degree of rigidities noma inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.

Ekugcineni, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba mlando uvumile ukuthi inkathi - isigaba kwezobuchwepheshe ekukhuleni komphakathi. nezikhathi ezinjalo emlandweni kwadingeka ezimbalwa, futhi bahlukene phakathi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. I izingqondo engcono alwa kanzima ukuthola ukuthi izigaba esintwini sesivele sidlulile, futhi aye okwamanje sidlule.

okuqinisekile Main yomlando emhlabeni

Ososayensi ukuhlonza kwezinkathi izindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokuqonda ekukhuleni komphakathi: i zakudala, kwezolimo, izimboni kanye post-ezimbonini. Isikhathi sokuqala libhekisela VIII - VI cc. BC Inkathi zakudala elinesimo abalulekile ukuphumelela abantu phambili, ukushintsha ukuma umphakathi, ukuvela izisekelo wekuba sive, kwafika isikhukhula esisabekayo enkulu yabantu bonke. Ngalesi sikhathi bachuma ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni, abantu abaningi bahlala emizini. Futhi, kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo ezindabeni zezempi.

Inkathi kokuLima ewela V-IV eminyaka. BC Umphakathi kusukela ohlanganyelwe bakudala iya kwezolimo nezombangazwe. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakukhona okuningi principalities, imibuso imibuso nabaphathi eyodwa. Kube nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kuleli wokwelusa, ezolimo kanye izikebhe. Le nkathi libhekene kwezolimo indlela.

On kwenkathi zezimboni (XVIII - .. isigamu 1st kwekhulu lamashumi amabili) ezenzeka esikhathini izinguquko zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, kwezobuchwepheshe kanye sezombangazwe sembulunga yonke. Kunalokho, izimboni babe izimboni, okungukuthi, umsebenzi wezandla salandelwa imishini. Ngenxa wezabasebenzi zandiswa ukwandisa umkhiqizo, wazibonela ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni eqinile. Kuqala inkathi yangemva zezimboni waqala engxenyeni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wesibili, ubizwa ngokuthi "isikhathi ngaphandle imithetho." Libhekene ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izenzakalo, ezishintshayo ukukhiqizwa. Era waqala izinguquko eziphawulekayo yonke imikhakha yempilo, it is usaqhubeka.