Ezikhathini zanamuhla: incazelo emfushane

Ukuqala ezikhathini zanamuhla livela 20 leminyaka th. Le nkathi, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando eziningi, ingenye eyindida kunazo zonke.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Emazweni amaningi, le ngxenye isibe uhlobo iphuzu turning. Umlando ezikhathini zanamuhla buboniswa ngokuba wenkululeko kazwelonke nokuvukela kwezenhlalo, ukuvela zikahulumeni ezintsha kusukela ekuweni le mibuso wamakoloni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule nkathi Wadlulela inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ekushintsheni zomthetho kanye nesimo esimisweni sezenhlalo. isimo sezenhlalo sekukhona kwamanye amazwe. Izazi-mlando lwaleli ekhulwini nonya njengokungabi ke kuphawulwa wendawo, izakhamuzi eziningi ezimpini ezimbili zezwe. Phakathi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni isikhathi eside balondoloza aloofness ezithile ngendlela ehlukile: yobuzwe, inkolo, ngemibono. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungakhokhi ukufana ekuthuthukiseni ezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye zomlando isimo. Ikakhulukazi ngokucacile wabonakaliswa estrangement phakathi e-capitalism kanye ekamu sezenhlalo. Ezikhathini zamuva simisa futhi kancane walondoloza ngisho namuhla amayunithi lempi zingenze isimo ngamazwe. Ubudlelwane phakathi emazweni asethuthukile ngokomnotho kanye wangaphambili uthi engaphansi wamakoloni zinezikhathi njengoba oyingozi futhi ngokwanele okuxubile.

Ukuthuthukiswa lamazwe ezikhathini zanamuhla

Naphezu kwezingqinamba simo esishubile e kwamaZwe, kwakukhona Kuhlangana ezithile emazweni cishe ezingeni elifanayo lokuthuthukiswa kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 wesibili kumakwe ukuhlanganiswa omphakathi lesifunda yezwe. Kulokhu, lo engaba wakhukhuleka phezulu inhlangano esizayo. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa enjalo kubhekwa obumba EU. uhlelo lwezomthetho nezombusazwe emazweni amaningana ukuthonya ngalezi zinqubo, kwavele nezinguquko ezibalulekile kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile impikiswano enkulu. Ukuthuthukiswa zomlando kwabaningi babo wayegcwele izimo ezibucayi, a uhlobo amazombe noma okungafanele.

Izikhombisi eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa lamazwe

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwakusobala wonke amadoda ekhethelo ongenakugwenywa indlela yeningi emhlabeni. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ubona eziningi neziqondiso sokuthuthukiswa uthi ezikhathini zanamuhla. Periodization yenqubo kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukuvela amazwe sokubusa ngentando yeningi nesandla esivulekile, ukwakheka senhlalo, ukusungulwa yesikhashana kombuso kobushiqela (esinye sezibonelo engcono kakhulu wamaNazi eJalimane), kumiswa isimo sezenhlalo, futhi uhluke kakhulu kusukela amaNazi futhi kusukela intando yeningi ovulekile.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 imakwe oqinile wokuzibophezela ngokwanele ukuba ukubusa ngentando yeningi. Khona-ke liberalism evelele ayikwazanga kuphela classical ngefomu ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ngokomoya, ngokokuziphatha, ezomnotho nezenhlalo.

yeningi Imiphumela

Amazwe amaningi aye ekugcineni wakwazi ukunqoba lo liberalism namanje abayizicukuthwane kakhulu. Ngakho, isikhathi yakamuva kwaphawulwa ukwethulwa alinganayo suffrage jikelele, ukudalwa umthetho evikela abanye amalungelo social nomshikashika sabantu. Ngo inqubo intando yeningi ovulekile ulahlekelwa indima yayo ukuvikela hhayi aphazamise ubudlelwano kwezomnotho. Manje uhulumeni, okungenani ingxenye, aphazamise ubudlelwano ngezinto zalo ezibonakalayo yangasese, nokukhawulela kubo esivuna jikelele isithakazelo kazwelonke. Izazi-mlando ziye ukuqaliswa kancane kancane ukulawulwa nokuhlela womnotho emakethe. Ngenxa zonke lezi izinqubo uye kakhulu ngcono umiphi endabeni kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali izingqimba eyinhloko izakhamuzi.

Europe ezikhathini zanamuhla

Uyokwanelisa isifiso sabo uthi ekuthuthukiseni nomthelela ukusheshisa ukuphila nobunzima, breaking amasiko yisikhathi. Ngekhulu lama-20 kwaba intuthuko evelele of izinto zokwakha ngenxa kabusha amadolobha. Lokhu kuyadingeka yimboni ithuthuka ngokushesha, ukukhula sabantu. ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuye kwenza ukuphila kwamazwe anamuhla European kuhlukile kulokho eyayiyikho esikhathini nangenkathi odlule. Izinto ezenziwa abantu ngokuya igxile mass, kude ezazizozuzisa yena. Nokho, ezinye izinto ezenzeka ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II kulinganiselwa edidayo kakhulu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, eMpumalanga Yurophu izinguquko, ngokusho kwabanye abalobi, akuzange kudalwe izidingo emazweni abo ', futhi ngezinga elithile liphefumulelwe amazwe enethonya angomakhelwane. Nokho, kwenzekani a yeningi leKomiti Ukwakhiwa State kweqiniso saboniswa ukunikeza izinga ledzingekako impilo yezakhamuzi, ukuvikelwa wangempela amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu.

isiphetho

Ezikhathini zamuva ngokoqobo intando yeningi ovulekile esiteji eRussia, kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zalo (kokubili ezimbi futhi kuyakha). Kule ndaba, kule nhlangano yesimanje maqondana yeningi uye waqinisa ukukholwa isidingo sokuthola indlela ekhethekile zikahulumeni zomthetho. Uma lokhu akuvunyelwe mechanical ukukopisha isipiliyoni angaphandle. Against isizinda ukuthuthukiswa isitatimende okwenzeka onokuqonda okubanzi isidingo nokuqondisisana ikhumbula komlando wesizwe, izisekelo zomthetho kanye nomnotho nezimfuno zawo izakhamuzi. Ukuhlolwa komlando wekuba sive likuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi kufanele kwesokunxele esikhathini esidlule, futhi yini okudingeka ufunde nokuthuthukisa.