Biography of Edgar Allan Poe, i-career lempi, lokusungula

Umlando Poe ligcwele izikhala. Lokhu kubangelwa ulise kwabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi ngosizi umbhali. Eqinisweni, indaba imbongi engachemile waqala alulame ukubonwa ngekhulu XX, kodwa ngesikhathi ulwazi ngempilo yakhe uhlala kancane. Namuhla, u-Edgar Allan Poe ingenye izibalo Ayindida kakhulu. Mayelana ngokufa kwakhe kuye kwaba eningi kokuqagela e 1849, kodwa imbangela yangempela yokufa imbongi sika, cishe, ngeke kuze kube phakade ezingaxazululeki. Nokho, leli qiniso akuvimbeli izigidi zabantu namuhla bathola temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kanye izinkondlo yomlobi okukhulu.

Ukulahlekelwa abazali, umkhaya wokutholwa

indaba Poe luqala Januwari 19, 1809 e-Boston (USA). Umlobi esizayo uvele ozala troubadours. Nginabazali Edgar kwadingeka ithuba lokuphila isikhathi eside: unina ebulawa isifo sofuba lapho eneminyaka engu-emibili kuphela ubudala, uyise noma banyamalala, noma bafa phambi lokho. Khona-ke lo mfana, ngokwengxenye enkulu, isikhathi kuphela ekuphileni kwakhe waba nenhlanhla - wayiswa imfundo umkakhe Alla. Francis, unina ekungeyona eyakhe, wathandana ingane futhi wathonya umyeni wakhe, a ocebile yomthengisi noJohane, amukela him. Wayengumuntu ayisijabuleli ukubukeka Edgar, kodwa yashonelwa umkayo, ababengeke bakwazi uzozala indodana yakhe siqu.

Edgar Allan Poe wakhula wachitha eVirginia. Akadingi lutho yena wayegqoké izimfashini zamuva, esesandleni sakhe babe inja, ihhashi noma ngisho nenceku. Ukuqeqesha umbhali esizayo waqala e-London B & B, lapho wanikwa iminyaka 6. E-US, umfana wabuya nomkhaya wakubo lapho engqongqoza nanye. Kube wabhalisa ekolishi e Richmond, bese, e 1826 - e-University of Virginia, labavulekela sonyaka ngaphambi kwalokho.

Ukuphela inhlanhla

Edgar ngokushesha sokwetshisa ulwazi amandla ezahlukene ngokomzimba futhi unothando, uhlamvu sezinzwa, mnike asemrarweni kamuva. Njengoba wokuphila uqaphele isici zokugcina futhi predetermined ukuxabana bakhe noyise baba. Izimbangela ngqo awaziwa: ngabe umbhali abasha kokuzihlanganisa nesignesha usingayise wakhe phezu izikweletu, kungakhathaliseki yathukuthela ngenxa izikweletu zokugembula yokutholwa indodana. Ngandlela-thile, futhi eminyakeni engu-17 kwi singenamali ezisele futhi wayishiya phansi iyunivesithi, ngemva kokufunda kuphela freshman.

Le nsizwa wabuyela Boston, lapho wahlanganyela izinkondlo. Edgar Allan Poe izinkondlo, yabhalwa ngesikhathi, wanquma ukushicilela ngaphansi mbumbulu "bostonets". Nokho, icebo lakhe kuhlulekile: incwadi asishicilelwa, kanye nezimali ayindlala kakade uphelelwa.

Dlala umsebenzi wezempi

Kulesi simo, Poe wathatha isinqumo ezingalindelekile. Wacela ngaphansi igama Kusolwa. Ngo ibutho wahlala isikhathi esingangonyaka. Wakhushulelwa uSergeant ezinkulu, sasitholakala njengoba omunye the best, kodwa akakwazanga ukumelana ukuphila regimented ezinjalo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuqaleni 1828 imbongi abasha wafuna usizo ongamzali. Ngemva lokukholisa ka nomkakhe basize Edgar khulula owawusisebenzisa enkonzweni. Usingamama ukubonga umbhali akazange abe nesikhathi: eshona ngosuku olwandulela ukufika kwakhe Richmond. Ngakho imbongi elahlekile yesibili yakhe ngempela kuyena owesifazane.

Baltimore, West Point kanye nencwadi eside elindelwe

Ngokujabulisayo kokuhlukana impi, Edgar Baqhubeka kanjena isikhathi esithile e-Baltimore. Elapho, watholana nezihlobo kayise, u-anti wakhe Maria Clemm, umalume wakhe George Poe, indodana yakhe Nelson. Uma umKristu ephakathi bophezela zezimali, umlobi wayephila noninakazi, bese kamuva libuyiselwa Richmond.

Phakathi ukuhlala e-Baltimore, Edgar wajwayelana noWilliam Gwin, wephephandaba zendawo, futhi ngalo kanye noJohane. Neal, umlobi esuka eNew York. Njengoba banika izinkondlo zabo. Emva kokuthola wokubuyekezwa okuvumelekile, Edgar wanquma waphinda uzame ukushicilela nabo. Kwaqoqwa ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane nenkondlo encane" yakhululwa ngo-1829, kodwa akatholanga emphakathini wonke.

Usingababa aphikelela ukuba aqhubeke indodana imfundo yokutholwa, futhi ngo-1830, insizwa ethile wangena Military Academy at West Point. Naphezu ukuziphatha ngesandla esiqinile kulokhu nsuku zonke, Poe wathola isikhathi ukuba creative futhi ujabula ofunda imidwebo olusankondlo satirical wokuphila e sokuqeqesha. Wayefanele Nokho esekhonza iminyaka emihlanu, njengoba okokugcina, ekuqaleni ukuqeqeshwa waqaphela ukuthi i-career lempi wawungewona kuye. Edgar wazama sibuyele usingababa, kodwa omunye umbango waphula izinhlelo zakhe. Nokho, imbongi akazange alahlekelwe: usaba athobele isimiso, lenzé ukuxolelwa Academy ngo-1831.

Imizamo baqashelwa

Biography Edgar Allan Poe entulekayo ku imininingwane ngokuphila kwakhe esikhathini kusuka 1831 kuya 1833. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ayephila isikhathi e-Baltimore, Maria Clemm. Elapho wathandana indodakazi wakhe nengane yakhe Virginia. Le ntombazane Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engu-9 kuphela ubudala. Kusukela ekwindla ka-1831 mayelana imbongi ukuphila cishe lutho waziwa. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa yomlando wakhe akahambe ku oluya eYurophu. Ngo umusa lokhu qiniso ngokungaqondile kuqinisekiswa izincazelo eziningi eningiliziwe Izwe Elidala, atholakala emakhasini umbhali. Nokho, ubufakazi lo mbono akulona. wokuphila abaningi baye baphawula ukuthi Poe ukuthi kulinganiselwe kakhulu abezindaba, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba isebenze imali yohambo izindleko.

Nokho, abacwaningi bayavuma ukuthi iminyaka emithathu eyalandela ukuxoshwa kusukela West Point, zazikhiqiza. Edgar Allan Poe, ogama amabhuku bekungakabhekwana ethandwa, waqhubeka ukusebenza. Ngo-1833 yena esethulwa eMihlanganweni Yesigodi ethi umncintiswano we masonto onke Baltimore ngoMgqibelo Isivakashi eziyisithupha tindzaba letimfisha kanye netinkondlo. Bobabili zazibhekwa engcono. Ukuze ufunde ngendaba "Wesandla ezitholakala ibhodlela" Njengoba uJesu wavuzwa umklomelo imali engu- $ 100 ubukhulu.

Ngaphandle imali, Edgar got ezinye udumo, kanye-ke isimemo sokuyosebenza komagazini. Waqala ukusebenza NgoMgqibelo Isivakashi, bese nge Southern Literary Messenger, angakhishiwe e Richmond. Ngo umbhali yokugcina wanyathelisa incwadi ngo-1835, "noMorella" futhi "Berenice" futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - "The Adventures of Hans Pfallya".

omangalisayo Virginia

Ngawo lowo nyaka, Edgar Allan Poe, omisebenzi yakhe baye lavuselelwa ezinkulu kunanini ngaphambili, sathola isimemo abe umhleli Southern Literary Messenger. Ukuze kugujwe ukuvulwa, futhi ezothola imali engu- $ 10 ngenyanga-ke kwakudingekile ukuba bathuthele Richmond. Ngokusho bavumelana kodwa ngaphambi ukuhamba ayefisa ukushada Virginia yakhe ethandekayo, ngaleso sikhathi owayese eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-13. Girl of ubuhle ongavamile sekuyisikhathi eside umxhwele umbhali. I namaqhawekazi amaningi emisebenzini yakhe kungenziwa ukuyichaza isithombe sakhe. umama Virginia sika wavuma, futhi washada ngasese abasha, okwathi ngemva kwalokho baya Richmond, futhi sibonisa nothando ayenalo omunye unyaka wahlala e-Baltimore. Ngo-1836, umkhosi olusemthethweni.

Kungakapheli nonyaka ngemva Edgar Allan Poe ukuxabana umshicileli Wik Literary-Messenger usesulile umhleli kanye uMaria Clemm noVirginia kuhanjiswe ku-New York.

New York Philadelphia

kweminyaka emibili, mina wayehlala eNew York, baba elixutshiwe umlobi. Edgar Allan Poe, ogama tinkondlo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba olunyatheliswa kuyi-omagazini eziningana emzini, ukuthola ukusebenza lincane kakhulu. Uye wanyathelisa ezifana "Ligeia" futhi "Arthur Gordon Pym," kodwa wathola kakhulu echazayo kwezikhathi, owawungumnyaka inguqulo selithi uprofesa Scottish zomsebenzi.

Ngo-1838 umkhaya wathuthela Philadelphia. Edgar ithole umhleli Magazine a Gentleman umsebenzi, lapho wanyathelisa eminye yemisebenzi yakhe. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa "Fall of the House Escher" futhi ekuqaleni sidle "Amanothi Yuliya Rodmana."

Dream Namaqiniso

Ukusebenza ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene, Edgar Allan Poe ukuthi lifuna okungaphezu kwalokho. Wayefisa umagazini wakhe siqu. Esiseduzane samuntu imibono wafika Philadelphia. simemezelo umagazini omusha obizwa ngokuthi Penn Magazine yanyatheliswa. Ukuze bona iphupho nintule kancane - lemali, kodwa, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa.

Ngo-1841, Magazine le Gentleman seyiphelelwe Wajoyina I Casket - kwaba umagazini omusha Graham sika Magazine, ogama umhleli kwaba Edgar Allan Poe. Tindzaba, tinkondlo amanoveli, eyabhalwa ngaphambi kuka-ayesanda baletha ndawonye imiqulu emibili futhi enyatheliswa imisebenzi eqoqwe of "Akunangqondo futhi Arabesque" ekupheleni 1840. Kwakuwusuku esifushane kwakubonakala sengathi yonke into ihamba kahle uma. Nokho, ngo-March 1842, u-Edgar Kwabuye kwaba esephelelwe umsebenzi. Magazine ziwile, Magazine yokuhlela Gentleman wacelwa Rufus Wilmot Griswold. Lesi sakamuva, ngokusho version, kwaba isizathu kokushiya Njengoba walifaka ngobumnene, akakuthandanga Griswold.

Lokhu kwalandelwa umsebenzi ngoMgqibelo Museum kanye ukushicilelwa eziningana ezimnandi Fairy futhi izindaba amapeni nje. Ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, kwakuyiyona kuphela "igolide bug". Edgar wathumela kuye ku emncintiswaneni etemibhalo. "Golden Beetle" anqotshwe futhi baletha umlobi wayo $ 100. Emva indaba kabusha izikhathi eziningi, yiqiniso lelo, musa imali ukuze umbhali, ngoba umthetho we-copyright oko udaba oludinga esizayo.

inhlekelele entsha

Umlando Poe ligcwele izenzakalo edabukisayo. Njengoba abacwaningi baphawula ukuphila kwakhe, imbangela abaningi babo kwaba ubuntu bakhe abanothando, ukuthambekela ukucindezeleka kanye notshwala. Nokho, kwezinhlekelele ezinkulu - kokufa Virginia - kwakungekho iphutha lakhe. unkosikazi imbongi kwakungu waphathwa isifo sofuba. Uphawu lokuqala izinhlungu zokugula okungathí sina, ukopha emphinjeni, uvele 1842. Isiguli Kwase kusele kancane sokufa, kodwa kamuva isikhathi esithile walulama. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa, zabulala umama kubonakala ku-Edgar, akazange adikibale. Virginia yayifa kancane iminyaka eminingi.

Ukuze engazinzile isimiso sezinzwa, omlobi kwaba buhlungu esindayo. Wacishe wayeka ngokubhala. Umndeni futhi yayidinga imali. Ngo-1844 babuyela e-New York. Lapha, imisebenzi emisha zishicilelwe abhalwa Edgar Allan Poe. "The Raven", le nkondlo edume kakhulu imbongi, yanyatheliswa kumagazini Kusihlwa Mirror.

Umvuthwandaba lokusungula

Namuhla, u-Edgar Allan Poe ingenye best abalobi American. Wabeka ekuqaleni uhlobo "yesayensi", umlobi wale ncwadi nezibonelo lokuqala umphenyi ezingaqondakali. Njengoba umkhiqizo main, waletha udumo ukuqashelwa, kodwa hhayi ingcebo kuye, kwaba "The Raven." Inkondlo lidlulisela kahle isimo sengqondo komlobi maqondana nokuphila. Man ezikhishwe nje emfushane, egcwele ukuhlupheka futhi umsebenzi onzima, futhi wonke amathemba layo ngeze. iqhawe Lyrical unxanela umuntu othanda elahlekile abese ecela okuthile inyoni ukukhuluma, kungakhathaliseki wayengeke ngimbone. Lona Edgar Allan Poe, "The Raven" ehlukile ukungezwani kwangaphakathi nosizi ukuthi uthwebule umfundi ngokuphelele, naphezu bikho pheze ephelele ngesakhiwo.

Sokushicilela umlobi kwakungomunye $ 10. Nokho, "The Raven" baletha kuye kunemali. Imbongi baduma, wamenywa ukuba abathethise emizini ehlukahlukene ukuthi eziningana kwaqinisa esimweni sayo sezimali. Kulo nyaka kuze kube manje eyathatha "amhlophe" band eshicilelwe iqoqo in "The Raven futhi Okunye Tinkondlo," eyanyatheliswa amanoveli entsha ambalwa, futhi wacelwa ukuba abahleli Brodway Journal. Nokho, kukhona uhlamvu esisuka ayikuvumeli ukuba bechuma isikhathi eside. Ngo-1845 wayewe nabanye abamemezeli, kwaba umhleli kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali ngokushesha ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela ehhovisi.

eminyakeni yamuva

Indlu wabuya ubumpofu, futhi nalo abandayo kanye nendlala. Virginia wafa ekuqaleni kuka-1847. wokuphila abaningi baye baphawula ukuthi ukuhlupheka imbongi Kwase kusele kancane madness. Okwesikhathi esithile, wahluleka ukusebenza ngenxa yosizi futhi utshwala, futhi wasinda kuphela ngenxa lokunakekelwa nabangane abambalwa beqiniso. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi mina esekhokha amandla okubhekana kanye nemisebenti yekubhala. Isikhathi zabona ukudalwa kwemisebenzi ezifana "Yulalyum", "izinsimbi", "Annabel Lee" futhi "Eureka." Lapho aqala khona ukuthandana ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphambi nje kokufa wayehamba ukushada. Ngo-Richmond, lapho umbhali ozongitshela ku "ezinezinkondlo Isimiso", izifundo zakhe tetemibhalo, Poe wahlangana nomngane eyakhula naye, uSara Elmira Royster. Wafunga umakoti ukuthi ukuphuza kanzima nokucindezeleka iphelile. Ngaphambi kwalokho umshado ungase kuphela eyolungisa izinto ezithile izindaba e-Philadelphia neNew York.

Imfihlakalo Edgar Allan Poe

Okthoba 3, 1849 Edgar Allan Poe satholakala isimo isigamu elihlanyiswa ebhentshini e Baltimore. Wayiswa esibhedlela nalapho afike ashonela khona ngaphandle ngiphaphama, ngo-Okthoba 7. On the izimbangela zokufa kwakhe namanje akukho ukuvumelana. abacwaningi Abaningi bayayithanda zangabaza kupinge okuthiwa. Sithole ngosuku lokhetho. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-Baltimore bangene emaqenjini waxosha izakhamuzi ku isiphephelo imfihlo. Abantu akhishwa wotshwala noma izidakamizwa, bese ophoqelelwe izikhathi eziningana ukuba uvotele "kwesokudla" obengenele ukhetho. Kunobufakazi bokuthi Poe ngesikhathi ukutholakala udzakiwe, Awukude ebhentshini ill-fated kwaba esinye salezi zokukhosela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbhali ngesikhathi wayedume e Baltimore futhi akunakwenzeka wayengeke akhethe nalezi zinto.

Phakathi kwezizathu okungenzeka namuhla abizwa ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene izifo, kusukela kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela nobuchopho ezimileni kuya utshwala laudanum yokweqisa. Isizathu salokhu ukudideka - ukuntuleka kwamarekhodi yezokwelapha futhi biography lokuqala Edgar Allan Poe, eyabhalwa Griswold, isitha umbhali. Wafaka imbongi ephuzile ahlanye ngeke kukusize ngalutho ithemba nokunakwa. iphuzu okunjalo umbono bheka predominated kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX.

ifa okudala

Enye inguqulo ithi ukushona kwabavukuzi ayekade ehlelwe yi-umbhali esengumphostoli wokugcina isenzo okukhulu nomphakathi, ohahela imfihlakalo futhi ethukile. Poet uyazibona yini afuna umfundi. Waqaphela ukuthi Romanticism phansi kunabaphostoli kakhulu ukuthandwa zemfihlakalo, tickling impumuzo futhi siqhubeke izinzwane abo. Edgar Allan Poe, ogama izindaba ezazigcwele izenzeko kumnandi, ngekhono kuhlanganiswe umcabango kanye logic. Waba iphayona uhlobo of umphenyi ezingaqondakali. isikhala esiningi imisebenzi umbhali uthatha yesayensi. Amabhuku nge Edgar Allan Poe zihlukaniswa inhlanganisela umcabango kanye logic. Wabeka isiko nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu izincwadi American, zavela izimiso ezesayensi, wanika emhlabeni umphenyi ezingaqondakali.

Namuhla, Edgar Allan Poe, ogama izincwadi ugqozi abantu abaningi, kubhekwa kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu intuitionism - isiqondiso zefilosofi eqaphela igunya of umuzwa enqubeni yokufunda. Kodwa, umlobi wayazi kahle ukuthi umsebenzi - liphinde umsebenzi onzima. He qamba Paradigm yakhe yobuhle nemisebenzi eziningana ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela izinkondlo: "Ifilosofi Art", "Nataniela Gotorna indzaba lemfisha", "ezinezinkondlo Isimiso". I- "Eureka" lo mbhali wachaza ngemibono yefilosofi kanye epistemological. umnikelo Edgar Allan Poe ukuze elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo, kubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi ozithandayo abafundi yesimanje, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukutadisha yomlando wakhe kwenza uzibuze ngekusasa PHETHO. Kwazi bani izodala Poe sengathi ukuphila kwaba ngconywana kuye?