Vlas Doroshevich, intatheli Russian, umbhali: Biography, lokusungula

Vlas Doroshevich - umlobi odumile Russian futhi intatheli, omunye feuilletonists ethandwa kakhulu ngasekupheleni XIX - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XX. Futhi it is njengoba ezijulile nobungqabavu yaseshashalazini umhlaziyi ezaziwayo.

Biography umlobeli

Vlas Doroshevich Ngazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1865. Uyise wayengumGreki intatheli Sergei Sokolov, kodwa wafa esemncane kusukela yokugula okunzima. Unina naye kwakuhambisana nezinga izincwadi, athola imfundo classical ngesikhathi Smolny Institute, ngenkuthalo eyanyatheliswa kuyi nakomagazini dolobha.

Igama lakhe Vlas Mihaylovich Doroshevich ubophekile usingayise, abakhetha kuye-onezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Umama ehamba nendodana yakhe ehhotela, ukungakwazi ukulungele ulilethe wedwa, ngaphandle komyeni wakhe.

Babecabanga umama ongcono Doroshevicha kuphela emva kweminyaka 10. Nokho, naphezu isenzo yayo budedengu, inkantolo emiswa owesifazane bamletha i umntwana olahliwe. Lesi siqephu zashiya izibazi kuso sonke isiphetho Doroshevicha. Isihloko umthetho, kodwa izingane ngeshwa uye kusukela kuvulwe njalo.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-7 ubudala Vlas Doroshevich ufake inombolo esikoleni eMoscow 4. Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo washintsha izikole eziningana. Isizathu ezijwayeleke kakhulu ukuxoshwa kuba ukuziphatha kwakhe okubi nokungahloniphi ngabadala kunabo. Ekugcineni wathola iziqu okusezingeni eliphezulu umfundi esikoleni.

Umfana osafunda esikoleni Vlas Doroshevich waqala ukubambisana amaphephandaba wedolobha. Izincwadi zokuqala ku "eMoscow iGazethi" futhi "iphephandaba Petersburg".

Ngu Doroshevichi iza ngenkazimulo

Lokhu udumo Doroshevicha imisebenzi atholwe ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho eqala ukushicilela e-Odessa nakomagazini, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini ezihlekisayo.

Kusukela ngawo-1902 kuze kube ngo-October Revolution, lapho usebenza njengomgcini wamabhuku wephephandaba "izwi Russian", enomnikazi umshicileli owaziwa Sytin. Phakathi nenkathi emfushane Doroshevich wenza yalolu hlobo ethandwa kakhulu kuleli zwe, nokusakazwa "izwi Russian" abantu abanengi baphikisana nathi zonke ezinye nakomagazini.

Ngo-1918 wathuthela Sebastopol Vlas Doroshevich, biography zokuphila kwakhe eminyakeni yamuva iye ihlobene ngokuqondile eCrimea. Akazange ukusekela ukunyakaza counterrevolutionary washiya ngesikhathi impilo yomphakathi kanye journalism. Ekupheleni kulwiwa, ngesikhathi egula kakhulu, wathi ukuqashelwa amandla Soviet. Wabuyela Petrograd ngo-1921, lapho ngokushesha ebulawa isifo sofuba kodwa-kuqala eCrimea.

imisebenzi ezihlekisayo

Journalism yasekhaya Doroshevich langena, uqala ukuthayipha izindaba ezihlekisayo. Le misebenzi bavela 1881, wanyathelisa e "eMoscow iGazethi". Ekuqaleni ngokungaziwa.

Indaba yokuqala eyaziwa Doroshevicha ngokuthi "aphindisele". Wadedelwa e umagazini dolobha "The Wave". Umbhali wayo sasitholakala uMalume Vlas. Esikhathini amaphephabhuku efanayo, uqala ikholomu kombhali "Diary of esontweni." Eqinisweni, yena bahlekisa "Amanothi ongelutho" umhlaziyi etemibhalo Nikolaya Mihaylovskogo. Nokho, ongenhla otholakala ngokushesha shaqa encwadini yokuqala Doroshevich wagxeka journalism Russian ngenxa inhlokodolobha, ngqo abasolwa ukudalwa ngokwezifiso izinto.

Ngakho Doroshevich kushiwo ekugcineni isifiso sakhe sokuba ukuzimela kanye unacceptability of journalism elonakele. Kulezi zincwadi sezivele ziyavela abukhali amanothi ezibucayi, izwi abaphilayo ukubhuqa ezicashile ezihambisana ke izindaba okwengeziwe ezihlekisayo kanye nezinye izincwadi.

satires Doroshevicha

A indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni journalism Russian odlale Vlas Doroshevich. Satires eyabhalwa kuye, Namanje kubhekwe yisibonelo kule uhlobo. Ukuze lokhu yena yaze yethiwa ngokuthi "inkosi ezilula ezihlekisayo."

Wasidalula ihlanganiswe ehlukahlukene - iphamfulethi zezombusazwe, obubhalwe inoveli, Monologue satirical nabanye abaningi. Wabumba isitayela "umugqa omfushane" sakhe, sibonga ngalo umkhiqizo etholwe emfushane, eqondile futhi sinamandla. Washiya idume ngesikhathi verbosity, sithonye hhayi kuphela izintatheli isikhathi, kodwa futhi kwi abalobi.

Ezikhathini Doroshevicha iphephandaba temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba iba par izincwadi ezinkulu Russian, sibonga umsebenzi ngokucophelela futhi ecophelelayo nge izwi. ichibi elikhulu Doroshevicha izihloko satirical enikelwe ethiyetha. Kuzo, wavikela izimiso of ngokoqobo 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, ngokucijile ukugxeka baziphatha, ngaleso sikhathi lwangena kuyo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi.

Odessa kwesikhathi

Ngo 1893 Doroshevich kuhanjiswe ku-Odessa. Lapha uba umlobeli in "Odessa leaf" sephephandaba elisakazwa kabanzi yesifundazwe. Ukuze imbangela ke ethathwa sokuqala simenyezelwe, wagxeka ikhanda lomuzi. Le resonance sasinamandla kangangokuthi ngisho Doroshevichi kwadingeka isikhathi esithile ukushiya Odessa bese ubuyela Petersburg.

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-6, wabuya obulokhu ishicilela satires yakhe Odessa kuze 1899. Tingcikitsi main, yena wazilalela, iyona ubushiqela iziphathimandla emhlabathini, umFilisti isiko isifiso esingahlakaniphile osomabhizinisi kanye abathengisi ukwenza imali ku-konke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke izenzo ukuphendulela abampofu wabaholi abampofu, oluseqophelweni ezithuthukayo.

Kulapha yabakhanga nezazi yeningi Vlas Doroshevich. Odessa ulimi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa nabo skits, yena waba ukunconywa Gorky. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, abalobi abaningi wesimanje bagxekwa Doroshevicha isitayela cheeky.

Kusukela 1895 Doroshevich iqala "Odessa leaf" ukushicilela imibiko bevakashile angaphandle, okwenza udaba ethandwa nakakhulu. Waya Melika, lapho ithumela satires eziningi futhi Tindzaba mayelana nokuphatha impahla ngobunxiwankulu mores wendawo.

"Isikhathi ebonisa"

Isibonelo esimangalisayo ubuciko umlobeli owayedumile Vlas Doroshevich - "isikhathi anecdotal." Le piece satirical, abhalwe 1905.

Kuyo umbhali ngesankahlu ugxeke uvele izifiso nhlobo futhi konke ukutshela amahlaya. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo izifundo, naphakathi kwabantu bonke izinhlobo tinhlaka temphakatsi. Anecdote eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, ngokuvumelana Doroshevicha ingena esikhundleni vysokosvetskuyu ingxoxo ezihlakaniphile, baxoxa ngesimo samanje lizwe. Kunalokho, wonke umuntu uzama ukuba bahlekise ngayo.

Ngezinye soirees etemibhalo reception akuzona izimbongi enkulu ngemisebenzi yabo entsha noma ukusebenza umculo classic, futhi inkosi ukutshela izindaba fresh. "Kukho konke ukuphila baguqulelwa a anecdote okuqinile" - ngokudabukisayo izaziso kumbhali.

"Leli cala nobuzimu"

Enye lampoon yesiteleka, owabhala Vlas Doroshevich - "Icala nobuzimu." Isenzo senzeka khona edolobheni Zavihryayske. Konke iqala ukunyamalala iphoyisa mqaphi Siluyanova. Isikhathi sakhe eside ungayitholi, futhi kungakabiphi kwaba sobala ukuthi umthengisi Semipudovy uchaza indlela yokudla pie ulahlekile. Nokho, yilokho okwenzeka ngemva kwalokho akakhumbuli ngoba wayedakiwe kakhulu. It ngokushesha ebambekile esolwa ubuzimu.

Kulokhu, kusobala ukuba umfundi ukuthi ikhekhe namaqhawe badla ndawonye, hhayi elungiselela mincemeat umthengisi Siluyanova. Nokho, akekho noyedwa abalingiswa kule indaba abaqondi.

Kulesi umsebenzi Doroshevich ngokucijile ugxeke umsebenzi komthetho, kanye nezinkantolo kanye abashushisi. Kubonisa ukuhluleka kwabo okuphelele nokungazi. eboniswe Bright edolobheni imikhuba yesifundazwe. Kulahleke Siluyanov ukuphela libonakala bayavuma ukuthi sonke lesi sikhathi zwí odakiwe. Futhi sakhe esihloniphekile okungcono kakhulu uchaza indlela yathukuthela lapho ebona incwadi noma iyiphi ovamile. Kulesi sici sihloko sibonisa izici eziningi umphakathi ngaleso sikhathi. Encwadini imisebenzi ezincane satirical ihlanganisa izindaba isiko, imfundo komthetho, ukuma ngesikhathi ngasinye inkinga okubuhlungu kulezi zici.

Nokho, ukubaluleka main salezi zihloko satirical ezilotshwe abafundi nanoma yimuphi izinga lemfundo ukuqonda amahlaya inhloso yombhali ilula futhi umbhali, futhi handymen. Lokhu abantu esiyingqayizivele usebenza Doroshevicha.

"Ebugqileni"

ukunakekelwa okukhethekile emsebenzini wakhe Doroshevich ikhokhwe uhambo Sakhalin. Lapho, wangena 1897, ukusebenza "Odessa leaf". Kanye naye saya futhi abasebenzi isiboshwa esikhulile. Waba yini umphumela walesi hambo lwalunzima indzabambhalo, umlobi okwakunzima Doroshevich Vlas - "ebugqileni". Ngempela uchaza yonke impilo kanzima. Futhi okubaluleke - horror nokuphelelwa ithemba ezaziwalindele Sakhalin. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela iziboshwa, kodwa futhi khulula yezakhamuzi zendawo.

Doroshevich Isho okuningi izindaba mayelana amacala okuyiwona ngokuningiliziwe ubonakale ezimpilweni zabantu got lapha uyangiluleka.

Ngo-1903, yena iqoqa encwadini eyodwa Tindzaba "Sakhalin", okuyinto wadlala indima ethile ebhayisikobho kumiswa inhliziyo wamavukelambuso ngosuku olwandulela 1905. Incwadi uvinjelwe ashaqa, kodwa isimo yayisivele egijima.

Doroshevich futhi "izwi Russian"

I Doroshevich ethandwa kakhulu izuzwe abasebenza "izwi Russian". Ngo-1902, waba umhleli walo, ukuguqula uhlobo Western Europe. Lokhu iphephandaba baba kakhulu mass-kwegazi nakomagazini eRussia.

Imfihlo yempumelelo kwaba eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu futhi ozimele. Ngaphezu kwalokho Doroshevicha e "izwi Russian" wabhala Giljarovsky, Nemirovich-Danchenko nenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini.

umhleli Ukuba Doroshevich oqokwe uMnyango abasebenzi ngamunye, njengoba kwakwenziwa amaphephandaba naseFrance. Ngesikhathi inhloko yomnyango ngamunye ubeke umhleli ehlukile. Nsuku zonke ukusebenza iqala imihlangano yokuhlela ekuseni ukudingida umsebenzi izinhlelo kanye resonance adalwe elokugcina.

Inombolo lidlule ukuphrinta amahora mayelana 22, kodwa izindaba zakamuva ngqo nomthelela uhlelo lokukhipha-4 ezimpondweni ekuseni. Kwakuthinta wakwazi ukufeza engakaze ibonwe ngesikhathi Ukuphendula.

Ngokuqinisekile amacebo kwakufanele ukusungula Doroshevicha umlobeli izikhungo emadolobheni amakhulu Russia.

Isiphetho inguquko Doroshevicha

Ngo-1917 Doroshevich wahlala Petrograd. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesefile kakade nezibi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ozongitshela izintatheli angaphandle zakudala. Isiphetho-French Revolution, wabona nezikulu Ngokwesibonelo yayo ubezama axwayise abantu besikhathi sakhe, lokho kungaletha izenzakalo Okthoba lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso.

Ekuqaleni, wayehlanganyela sasimelene inguquko, ekhuluma nabezindaba ukugxeka imibono Lenin futhi amaBolshevik. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, waqaphela amandla amaSoviet nasemakamu eSoviet Union ngesikhathi esebenzayo kwayo kwaqala ukunyatheliswa kwezincwadi. Kodwa ngemva kokuwa we-Union of imisebenzi yakhe ekugcineni wanyamalala emashalofini.

ithonya Doroshevicha

Abacwaningi baye baphawula nethonya elikhulu, okuyinto Doroshevich kwadingeka izincwadi Russian kanye journalism. Ihlala ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo eziningi lesibonwa, indlela entsha kubo. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ukuba isihloko.

isitayela sakhe siqu "umugqa omfushane" baba yisibonelo ngokuba nabantu abaningi ayephila nabo futhi abazolandela esikhundleni.