Sobuchwepheshe imishini imithombo amanzi. Izinhlobo amanzi emithonjeni

Ezindaweni eziningi, lapho ungeke ukuxhuma kwi eyodwa alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi aye ayisebenzisa kaningi Drilling yamanzi imithombo kusukela aquifers. Behlukene imithombo ebusweni ukungcola kwezakhi zenhlabathi rocks kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, njengoba umthetho, ukuhlangabezana namazinga sanitary esungulwe ngenhloso umphakathi amanzi. Lapho okwengeziwe kuhlanzwe edabula idivayisi lemifanekiso, bona ibe amanzi okuphuza eliphezulu.

Lokho Okufanele Ukwazi

Kuchazwa nenqubo inqubo Ukukhetha kukhona amanzi kahle imishini ye ezingeni komhlaba namadwala kwesigaba Geological, okungase igodi ukujula. Kahle abakhethiwe imishini imithombo ubuchwepheshe amanzi ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ushone ekugxileni ukugwema izingozi ngesikhathi imishini. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyokunikeza ithuba uthole isivuno eliphakeme e mibandela isakhiwo umdlalo.

Okuchaza ukuthi ubuchwepheshe of Drilling imithombo ngaphansi kwamanzi? Le ndlela futhi imodi ukwa yamadwala ezahlukene, ukuhlanza izindonga wellbore futhi kokulilungisa, amanzi imishini ingxenye kokuthola.

imishini Izindlela

Eyokwakha imithombo ajulileyo evame ukusetshenziswa rotary kanye ikhebula imishini. Drilling Technology amanzi yilezi zindlela zihlukile. Izici ngakunye akuvumeli ukuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kwemingcele kuzo zonke izimo. Drilling Technology amanzi Rig nge ukujikeleza umsiki ithuluzi (kancane) kulesi sihloko unikeza isibonelo nesikulufu nendlela yokunyathelisa.

Auger imishini ubuchwepheshe

Ngo rocks anesihlabathi Ubumba zingenalo inclusions ezinkulu, is Drilling iqoqo kancane bese auger kokuthutha idwala yamba kusukela phezulu phansi. Kulaba izinhlobo ezimbili auger kudivayisi imishini ukuze kahle amanzi endaweni nge isakhiwo kahle ifundelwe Geological wayevame ukusebenzisa ekuhlatshweni okuqhubekayo indiza okuqhubekayo nge uhambo stope futhi screwing. Lapho kubalulekile ukuthola ulwazi izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu mayelana zilwane kanye nesenzakalo yabo ukujula, indlela osebenza iringi ubuso.

indiza okuqhubekayo (ukugeleza yomugqa imishini) - rock yamba eziphoqelelwe auger ikholomu kwamanzi. Ngokujulisa sokuprakthiza abaqhubeke ngezikulufo ezengeziwe. Faka isicelo kucwila Sands ngaphandle izingqimba eyohlobo of daka noma nye shushuzela esithambile. ijubane ukujikeleza ka ngezikulufo 250-300 rev / imiz. Akwamukelekile dive siyashesha ugweme zichichima idwala lomshini bese Jamming we projectile emgodini ngenxa yalesi sizathu. umthwalo Esanele - isisindo yayo isisindo futhi isikulufa rotator.

Amadwala plastic nobumba isetshenziswa tugoplastichnyh Shuttle stope - auger kancane futhi ikholomu idwala vburivaetsya, kulandele isizinda for yokuhlanza yamba flange mass. Inani ukucwiliswa uhambo ngaphakathi 1 imitha. ijubane ukujikeleza phakathi 100 futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka-300 rev / imiz. Layisha 500 N.

Ngo rocks ababuthakathaka isixhokolo ukusebenzisa Helical auger ikholomu - basuke screwed ukuba Ekujuleni bese kuhoxiswa ngaphandle ukujikeleza indophi.

I annular ubuso kokuba coring nezikulufi ekhethekile, okuvumela ukuba kukhishwe nengaphakathi (ikholomu yamba idwala) ngaphandle oqeda string sokuprakthiza kwamanzi. imishini mode: 60-250 rev / imiz, ukubaluleka ukundiza 0.4 kuya 2.0 m isetshenziswa, lo amanzi imishini imithombo akuvamile ubuchwepheshe, ikakhulu izinhlangano Geological ekubhekaneni ukuhlola kanyekanye kokwenza imithombo yamanzi imishini ..

Ubuchwepheshe imishini rotationally-rotary

Ngale ndlela-ke ephumelelisa enkulu Ukungena izinga nabakhulu okukhipha ipayipi amakholomu. I yokuntula zihlanganisa mudding (claying) emiseleni zibiza kakhulu ukulungiswa udaka, lemiqulu emikhulu yamanzi ukususa imithombo ukulahleka kwamanzi yokutakula umkhathizwe, unamathelise off ngesikhathi imishini.

kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ne-rotary egeza umugqa: edwaleni wabhubhisa ebusweni alethwe ebusweni odakeni akhishwa singene kahle ngokusebenzisa futha sokuprakthiza induku. Kufanele ukumelana Isivinini upflow ku uhla 0.5 - 0.75 m / umzuzwana. Afundwa mbali isixazululo ukugeza zokuzamazama waphuka kakhulu - ke kanye sludge emaqabungeni imifantu. Drillers kudingeka afune ngokucophelela ngoba imodi imishini ukunciphisa umthwalo Axial nokugeza ngokushelela wapha, uma kunesidingo, ukuze ugweme projectile lajwayeleka.

Asikho isidingo ukuxosha ngesivinini mechanical, kufinyelelwa ngokwandisa inani linemibhikisho: igcwele izingozi. WOB nesivinini ukujikeleza zilawulwa kuye zezintaka passable, ububanzi we kancane bese sokuprakthiza ipayipi, imali ye ukugeza ketshezi.

Inzuzo kumele kungancipha uma:

• magnifications alunywe ipharamitha;
• ekunciphiseni ububanzi we string sokuprakthiza;
• ukwandisa inqaba edwaleni;
• Noma alternation of izingqimba ephethe namandla amancane (kufika ku 1.5 m).

On ukufaka rotary BDS kanye BA uhlobo usebenze ngokuyisisekelo ku II- III ngesivinini. Penetration ngobumba zobumba-isihlabathi rocks Kwenziwa at 300-400 rev / iminithi (III-IV rate). Ukuze imishini yokusaha izingodo ngokulinganisela Fortress (sandstone limestone, Marl) kukhawulela ukuzungeza Rotor-200 kuya ku-300 rev / imiz. rock Namandla yamba by bit Ukujikeleza ijubane 100-200 rev / imiz.

Driller eduze ukuqapha imodi imishini, ukunciphisa umthwalo Axial futhi ngokushelela ukusuthisa egeza ukugwema projectile lajwayeleka. Okwamanje evula yamanzi kutholakala ukwehla kwamamaki okungalindelekile emsebenzini odakeni nokukhuphula umthwalo injini. isixazululo kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka zokuzamazama waphuka kakhulu - the cuttings futhi ushiye isixazululo kule ukwa.

Uma amanzi esindayo amatshe kukhona zendabuko ukuqhekeka okuncane, kwesidumbu Kwenziwa nge izinga umkhathizwe ubumba isixazululo ukuthela ngibopha yayo kwamanzi.

Amanzi Drilling Technology Rig encane imishini amasu imishini enamandla efanayo.

umsebenzi Ezihlobene

Ukukhweza amashubhu labetibambile wellbore emva imishini. metal osetshenziswayo, asbestos usimende kanye amashubhu plastic. Hlunga Uhlobo (perforated noma Mesh) kuyakhethwa kuncike amanzi esindayo idwala.

Ngaphambi kokufaka isixazululo esihlungini indawo lula, Ingxenye ezifiselekayo zazo hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 1.15. Ngemva kokufaka ukuhlunga ngokushesha wageza kahle amanzi. Kwalandela inkosikazi engumakhelwane nayo zhelonirovanie imbobo - kukholamu okusamanzi akhishwa kusukela bailer kahle. Lapho ukugeza futhi kukhanya ukubukeka kuwo uqale uzotshala isihlabathi ngendiza. Nge ukumisa isihlabathi namanzi lilungisiwe ukuqedela ukucaciseleka futha ngwenya.

Freefall amandla nomthelela

wavula ngaphandle kwezinkinga Ikhebula-indlela aquifers mncane (esingaphansi 1 m). Angakwazi ukuthola esiphezulu ukugeleza rate - Water esindayo rocks nezaglinizirovany. Asidingi ukudonsa eside.

Indlela esetshenziswa:

• ezindaweni kahle wafunda;
• ezindaweni ezinesomiso lapho kungekho kwezidingo zamanzi ukulungiselela isixazululo;
• uma ukuhlolwa ledzingekako khathizwe eziningana ehlukile;
• ngoba igcwele ubukhulu esikhulu kokuqala.

Nemibi ikhebula-imishini:

• Izinga encane Ukungena;
• ukusetshenziswa eliphezulu amapayipi e-cased;
• ukulinganiselwa ukujula imishini (150 m).

Jwayelekile ekubalekeni svobodnopadayuschie projectile ibalwa. Kuyinto inhlukanozigaba empandeni skwele ukuphakama ukuwa: nge okwandisa ukuphakama ngaphezu ekuhlatshweni yokutakula kancane ashaye imvamisa liyancipha futhi noHezekeli kanye nokuncipha engamamitha kwandisa beats.

Siyawadinga amandla futhi savvy

Lapho okuvela esibukweni komhlaba angajulile (ngokuvamile amanzi phansi) kanye nesigaba Geological, eyakhiwa idwala okuxekethile, e ingxenye esakhelwe kuze izimo enyinyekile kahle kungenziwa yamba, ekusebenziseni kwemisipha amandla abantu - abantu abangu-2 ngokwanele.

Drilling Technology amanzi manual indlela ilula. Ungasebenzisa indlela Drop noma auger.

Ukuze ukushayela steel ipayipi nge ububanzi ka 1 intshi pre-cut yayo ku ubude 2 noma 3 metres. Enisemikhawulweni wenze ngentambo zangaphandle. Nge ushona kumasegmenti ipayipi izoxhumanisa couplings ngentambo yangaphakathi. Manufactured ekhethekile steel ithiphu (shank) njengoba Isigaxa ubukhulu eside 1 cm ipayipi ubukhulu kabani isizinda. Ubizwa ashiselwe kuya ipayipi. Mayelana eyodwa imitha ubude ithiphu tube (60 ngokwanele cm) is sandiswe bakudala isihlungi - kudivayisi vodoprinimayuschee ngoba Ukungena emthonjeni wamanzi yamanzi. 6 mm izimbobo sokuprakthiza ukwenza 5 cm ngaphandle.

Nigqoke ilungiselelo ipayipi inqwaba izingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene. Okokuqala - abutment ne imbobo oyindilinga ngaphansi ipayipi. esidayisa ayo esethulo kunenani ububanzi elingaphandle tube izinto eshukunyiswa 5 mm, okuyinto kwanele ukuze ishuthekwe igebe kusukela ngezansi amagejambazo ezimbili - Imi povdol metallic Isigaxa ufushanisiwe. I ububanzi we Isigaxa Apex ubukhulu inkudlwana ipayipi, kodwa engaphansi kwezigidi esitobhini okukhipha beso. Ingxenye yesibili - ukushaqeka "owesifazane", umthwalo nge imbobo ngokusebenzisa i-pipe kanye izibambo ezimbili ephakamisa phezu kocingo.

Lapho ukwehlisa abesifazane mzuzu umthelela ogcizelela amagejambazo kufakwe imbobo bese ugcine clog ipayipi "izingalo" yabo. Ngemva ukushayela ingxenye tube Isigaxa zikhiqiza, okwandisa tube, svinchivaya nge ingxenye yesibili. Permute abutment nge amagejambazo ukugqoka "Babu" negemfe ukuze uqhubekele odla we yamanzi. Ngezikhathi, kumele ipayipi ijikelezwe mayelana eksisi.

Ukubukeka yamanzi kahle kunqunywa ukwehlisa bayifaka Sinker kuboshelwe yezinhlamvu. Uma eyoliphakamisela wet phezulu, khona-ke kahle uye waya yamanzi ezijulile. Akubalulekile nje "ukushelela" lesi sendlalelo akunika amanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuba ushiye ekupheleni perforated ipayipi edwaleni amanzi ayegcwele. Futhi uqale uzotshala miniskvazhiny isandla kuqala futha. Njengoba amanzi ukucaciseleka kudlule uzotshala kwamanzi futha kagesi.

Manual amanzi imishini auger imithombo - ubuchwepheshe okufana nalokho okuchazwe ngosizo a Rig okuyinto indawo lapha abantu ababili. Yiqiniso, kwemigomo mechanical imishini mode abakwazi ukuyigcina. Ezinye izingcweti esikhundleni amandla ento edaliwe phezu izindlela.

Imithombo yamanzi imishini

Ubuchwepheshe ilula nge izindleko sakugcina izinto, amandla kanye nesikhathi. Izimo - kahle ukujula abafika kwabangu-10 m, Imi eligoqiwe nenhlabathi okuxekethile.

Isisetshenziswa - Pump "Umfanyana", amandla amanzi (ayanda ivolumu, ngcono, kodwa unga emgqonyeni 200 amalitha). Isango I-turning tube wenziwe ngemibhobho emibili, indandatho kanye ne ngocingo.

Izinto: ipayipi ububanzi 120 mm kanye ubude ukujula kahle. Ngesikhathi ephansi ekupheleni enameva bafa, elingenhla ekupheleni flange ifakwe ingono, ipayipi lamanzi lapho amanzi izogobhoza umgqomo ngaphansi kwengcindezi adalwe futha "Baby". Ukuze obandayo flange emaphethelweni tube eziphothene ithebhu 4 nge imigodi imishudo-M10.

Angisebenzi: kulula ukusebenza ndawonye. Isikhathi esichithwe - 6 kwamamitha Ukungena loam 1-2 amahora.

Drilling Inqubo: bambe umgodi we elilodwa ukujula, ibekwe phezulu ipayipi futhi uzotshala ke kuwo amanzi. Amanzi kokushiya ngokusebenzisa ekupheleni engezansi ne amazinyo, uyohlanza kude inhlabathi, ukukhulula isikhala ngaphansi ipayipi ezokwenza yesisindo lalo. Kuyinto kudingekile kuphela, shaking, ligijima ipayipi emazinyweni sikhuntile idwala. Yamba idwala izinhlayiya ngaphansi kwengcindezi zitholakala kanye yamanzi sump. Kule kungaba ibheyili, ukuhlunga, kabusha esetshenziselwa ngamanzi. Kufinyelela emiseleni ukususa flange futhi singene kahle ngaphansi ezingeni amanzi, kodwa engakafiki phansi, futha kwamanzi ukumpompa.

Izinhlobo amanzi emithonjeni

Basuke ihlukaniswe besfiltrovye futhi Hlunga. Besfiltrovye kahle wanelisekile ngo aquifers sakhiwa Sands okuncane, noma wasekela rocks Waphuka. Ukuze uthole ezinye yamanzi isihlungi akhethiwe kuncike kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile amanzi esindayo idwala.