Ubani owasungula le imaskhi igesi? Yini eyaba nomthelela imaski okusungulile eRussia

I Namanje asilwazi owasungula imaskhi igesi. Kungekho ukuvumelana ngalolu daba alikho. prototypes yabo bakudala ayesetshenziswa Ephakathi, lapho odokotela ukusebenzisa buso ekhethekile benamakhala eside. Bafaka amakhambi. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi biyela them isifo nezinye kubhubhane. Okuningi sina ngoba ukudalwa imaski thina uhlaziyo e nesishiyagalolunye ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kwakuhlangene hhayi nomsebenzi wezokwelapha, futhi ezindabeni zezempi.

Kafushane mayelana igesi buso

Ngaphambi wazi owasungula imaskhi igesi, kufanele licaciswe ukuthi. Leli thuluzi ivikela umgudu wokuphefumula, kanye emehlweni kanye isikhumba.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama:

1. Hlunga - zivikela izinto ezithile ezinobuthi. oyisebenzisayo yamanje uphefumula umoya ambient okudlula zokuhlunga.
2. Ekuvikeleni - usinika umoya ngamanye esitsheni egcwele okulinganiselwe umoya-mpilo.

I buso okusungulile kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuvela uhlobo olusha isikhali - igesi enobuthi. Nquma ukuthi iyiphi unyaka yasungulwa imaskhi igesi, kunzima, ngoba kule divayisi ososayensi ezehlukeneyo emhlabeni wonke esikhathini esifanayo.

Ukusungulwa Lewis Haslett

Ubani owasungula le imaskhi igesi? Ngamagama komlando kudivayisi lokuqala, obhekisela igesi yesimanje imaski ke yasungulwa ngo-1847. Umbhali wayo kwaba American Lewis Haslett.

I-patent anikezwe ku kokusungulwa enesihloko esithi "yamaphaphu uMvikeli". Kuhlanganisa isivimbo isihlungi indwangu. Iyunithi kwaba ifakwe valve ukwenza ukuhogela futhi exhaling. Singasho nasezinsikeni umlomo noma ikhala.

Nokho, ngesikhathi Okokuqala Umhlaba ke kudingeka indlela eziqinile ukuvikela amasosha. Lapho amaJalimane aqala ukuba afeze ukuhlaselwa igesi, ososayensi baqala ukusebenza ngcono imaskhi ekhona.

Ubani owasungula le imaskhi lemifanekiso for amasosha kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala?

Ukusungulwa Nikolaya Zelinskogo

Ngo ibutho Russian ngesikhathi amasosha kuhlaselwa ngesisi bavikela umgudu wokuphefumula usebenzisa ngebhandeshi gauze afuthwe ngesibulali ithuluzi ekhethekile. Zuza isivikelo esinjalo ayinazo. Kwakudingekile ukudala i usizo oluyilo ezinkantolo.

Usokhemisi waseRussia Zelinsky wanquma ukufaka isicelo njengoba ilahle zokuhlunga. Ngenxa yalokho zokuhlolwa wafika esiphethweni sokuthi kungcono ukuncela ezinobuthi namalahle birch, okuyinto isidlulile ukuphathwa ezishisayo.

Zelinsky umqondo owavusa unjiniyela Kummant. Yena Ngente imaskhi iraba nobuso uvalwe. Air kufakwa yomoya ngokusebenzisa isici zokuhlunga. Idivayisi sidalwe kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Batch lokuqala igesi buso kwathunyelwa ibutho ngo-1916. Sekukonke phakathi nempi okukhiqizwayo ibutho Entente abangaba yizigidi ezingu-nanye buso.

Nokho, Haslett futhi Zelinsky ababethatha kuphela owasungula imaskhi igesi. Babephakathi labo ababehileleke udaba jikelele. Kwaba ukuvikela umgudu wokuphefumula ngenxa yentuthu noma intuthu anobuthi.

Buso nezinye abaqambi

Kukhona ulwazi mayelana ezisunguliwe kwezinye izifunda eside ngaphambi kudivayisi Zelinsky ngisho Haslett.

Izibonelo Invention:

• Ngo-1871, isazi sesayensi yemvelo Irish John Tundalls wadala ngomshini, okuyinto kuvikelwa ephefumula intuthu futhi ezinobuthi intuthu ukuthi zikhishwa ngesikhathi umlilo.
• Ngo-1891 Bernhard Lobbs wadala ngomshini, eyayihlanganisa ngebhakede metal. It lahlukaniswa laba emakamelweni ezintathu.
• Ngo-1901 kwaba khona imaski uthuli ukuthi ihlanganiswa ngokuphelele ikhanda lakhe. Air badabula isihlungi carbon-based.
• Ngo-1912, Garrett Morgan wadala kudivayisi ukuvikela izicishamlilo kanye nonjiniyela ababekwazi kufanele zisebenze endaweni nge lokuhlushwa eliphezulu ezinobuthi. Ekudumisa US umsunguli.
• Olunye uhlobo imaskhi e-United States kwethulwa umsunguli Alexander Draeger, owayevela eJalimane. Yena lobunikazi kudivayisi yakhe ngo-1914.

Kunzima ukusho lapho izwe yasungulwa imaskhi igesi. Ukudalwa kwawo abathintekayo kokubili e-US kanye eRussia. Nokho, ezivame kakhulu phakathi Okokuqala Umhlaba isibe kudivayisi Zelinsky. It lwenteke hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa futhi baseNgilandi naseJalimane. Idivayisi ubelokhu eqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa lokhu usosayensi Russian wathola lutho.