Soviet ithangi T-34/76: izithombe futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ekuqaleni WWII ithangi T-34 yadalwa ngezinsuku izinguqulo ezimbili. Khishiwe e esincane T-34/5 ahlomile isibhamu uhlelo ZIS-4. T-34/76 ethangini isilinganiso ngezinga elikhulu ngesibhamu F-34. Ngu phakathi kwempi, waba isibonelo ezinkulu Soviet. Lo rise T-34/76, okwenzeka ngo-July 2016 ku Voronezh esifundeni, kusiza ukukhumbuza isizukulwane samanje ngoba sibalulekile futhi edume. Ikakhulu sibonga kulo mshini, Red Army wakwazi ukugqashula umgogodla isitha German. Kulesi sihloko sibheka amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngakho.

ukukhiqizwa

Ngo-1941 wenza ukuguqulwa abadumile ngesikhathi izitshalo ezintathu: eKharkov, kwaseStalingrad futhi phezu "Red Sormovo" e Gorky. Ekuqaleni kwempi, ngo-25 Juni, uMkhandlu Yabantu Commissars yokutholwa isimemezelo owawuthi umkhakha Soviet kwadingeka ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa amathangi.

Empeleni wadala uhlelo olusha zokukhiqiza. Nendima evelele kuyo wabelwa inombolo isitshalo 183 eKharkov kanye nomklamo ihhovisi layo. Military bazitshela ukuthi ezinye izinto umkhakha ukhiqiza ithangi T-34/76, futhi wenze izinguquko oyiyo, kuyoba uthintane nale nkampani. Ekusebenteni, izinto ezahamba out ehlukile. Nenhlokomo impi, kuhlengwe laseKharkov sitshalo Nizhny Tagil nezinye izimo ezaholela yokuthi okufanayo belimane izici Tactical futhi technical imodeli. Kwezinye izingxenye izitshalo imikhiqizo ehlukene ingase ihluke kancane. Nokho, isihloko ukuguqulwa, kwakuyinto evamile. 76 Inani yokutholwa ngenxa isici 76-mm inganono.

Ukubukeka ibutho

Sempi ophoqelelwe lula futhi nesimanje zithele ngokushiyana kuye ngokushintsha kwezimo conjunctural. Ngo-September 1941, ngemva ngeminako ezinyangeni zokuqala kwempi, T-34-76 zaqala ukutheleka ngobuningi impi. Kunabo bonke kule hardware wamabutho kwakuyinto enkundleni yemidlalo enyakatho-ntshonalanga imisebenzi.

Okokuqala, le nkundla isikhathi eside kwaba kuphela ingane (izenzakalo ezinkulu zenzeka endaweni eMoscow). Okwesibili, i-Leningrad Front wazithola angawodwa kulo lonke elase-USSR. Ukuthumela amathangi ivinjiwe umuzi iNeva kunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho Lenfronta epaki ikakhulu Yayinesikhwanyana hhayi mass T-34/76, futhi phakathi kokukhanya T-26 futhi hf esindayo ( "Clim Voroshilov").

Ugandaganda - emathangini

Ngo-October 1 kwaba 566 amathangi (65 yayo yayingaphambi T-34/76) on the front entshonalanga. Njengoba ungase ubone lezi zibalo, kuyilapho inani ukuguqulwa wahlala ongaphakeme. Iningi T-34/76 kukhiqizwa futhi wenza ngo-1943, lapho eba amathangi Soviet ethandwa kakhulu futhi liyabonakala. esimiselelwe ukuguqulwa Okulandelayo eduze kokuphela kwempi - T-34/85.

In autumn 1941 umkhiqizi eyinhloko amathangi baba kwaseStalingrad isitshalo. Ngaphambi kwempi idaliwe njengoba ugandaganda. Phakathi kwezimboni kukaStalin kwakukhona izinkampani eziningana ezinjalo, futhi bonke ngothi lwabo ezakhiwa nge unombono kungenzeka izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali. Uma e sokuthula ifektri kwaseStalingrad ugandaganda wenza, kuba ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo isiJalimane, ngenxa izici of ekukhiqizeni, yasheshe uqambe ethangini. Esikhundleni imishini yezolimo wafika nezempi.

ukuhlolwa ebusika

Ngokokuqala ngqá e-T-34/76 yamemezela yena njengoba ethangini jikelele ekwindla ka 1941. Ngalezo zinsuku, amaJalimane wonke amabutho akhe baphuthuma eMoscow. I Wehrmacht yayifisa ukuba blitzkrieg, iphonswe impi izinqolobane ezengeziwe. amabutho aseSoviet kokuya enhlokodolobha. Impi yaba kakade amakhilomitha 80 kusuka eMoscow. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ekuseni kakhulu (ngo-Okthoba) kwaba nesithwathwa futhi kwakungekho ikhava iqhwa. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ithangi ukukhanya T-60 ne-T-40C walahlekelwa ikhono yokunyakaza. imodeli Heavy uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwe-PPC yabo kanye ne-transmission. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho besanda okubucayi empini, kwanqunywa ukuba enze main tank T-34/76. Uma kuqhathaniswa isisindo, lo mshini sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi isilinganiso.

Okwesikhathi yayo kwaba ephumelelayo futhi ephezulu zikagesi ithangi Soviet T-34/76 1941 isampula. Ikakhulukazi nokuziqhenya umakhi libizwa udizili B-2. Protivosnaryadnym zempi (ithangi esibalulekile zokuzivikela) kwenziwe yonke imisebenzi yayo futhi enokwethenjelwa evikelwe crew zabantu 4. Wezikhali uhlelo F-34 ahlukene ngesivinini sokudubula, ukuvumela ngokushesha ukubhekana isitha. Lezi zimo zokuma ezintathu wayebakhathalela ochwepheshe kwasekuqaleni. Ezinye izici ethangini kwashintshwa ekuqa- zokugcina.

Heroes emathangini avuzayo

Emathangini avuzayo, ayelwa egibele T-34/76, bazenzela Izenzo eziningi kangaka ukuthi zibhale bonke akunakwenzeka. Nazi nje ezinye izibonelo amatilosi isibindi ngesikhathi Battle of eMoscow. Kaforin Usayitsheni baqhubeka nomlilo kwesitha, ngisho nalapho zonke ozakwabo zakhe zabulawa kanti ethangini ihlaselwe. Ngosuku olulandelayo wahamba wayiswa kwelinye umshini, uye wonakalisa ezimbili platoons ka elihamba, isidleke izibhamu futhi okuthunyelwe isitha umyalo. Kule minyaka engu-isikhathi usayitsheni Kaforina akhishwe edolobhaneni Kozlov. Wadubula emuva, okwamanje lashisa kanye ethangini.

Ngokufanayo, ngesikhathi kuqubuka umlilo ehlanganiswa elwa izimoto nabasebenza kanye instructor zezombusazwe uLieutenant Timerbaeva Mamontov. Tank inkampani umkhuzi uCaptain Vasilyev walimala kodwa baqhubeka ukudubula. Yena ngokuyisimangaliso wakwazi ukuphuma emotweni imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi ukuqhuma. Kamuva Vasilyev wathola isihloko esasiwafanele ka Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Futhi ukuphikelela ekhethekile ezahlukene iRed Army 28 Armored Brigade.

ukuvikela eMoscow

amabutho Armored abaye baba nendima ebalulekile eshafisa ecasula juqu German ku Moscow. Benzé e abaqamekeli, ngenelela bese ukuvikela indlela ebaluleke kunazo enhlokodolobha, ubambe up umgwaqo kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika ukusekelwa. Ngesikhathi umyalo ofanayo kaningi wayengazi ukuthi ukubhekana mathangi. Enomthelela nalwazi futhi ngokungaqondi amaqiniso kobuchwepheshe besimanje, ngenkathi abasebenzi iRed Army, kunalokho, hit isitha Isibindi nobuqotho babo ukuphikelela.

Ngalesi sikhathi iqembu eziqhutshwa kakhulu kahle, ezazihlanganisa brigades ezinhlanu armored (MAF): Guards 1st, 27, 28, 23 no-33 Tank Brigade. Bafaka kuya Army 16 wamboza Volokolamsk isiqondiso. Blows phezu amaJalimane imali ziqhamuka izigebengu. Ukudalula esenzeka ngoNovemba 16 edolobheni suburban ka Athene. amabutho aseSoviet wasiphakamisa izikhundla ukuzivikela edolobhaneni. Amathangi unyamalale ekucathameni. Ngokushesha, isitha wazama ukuthola ukulawula izikhova. amathangi 80 German alithatha amaviyo iRed Army elihamba futhi embonini yezezimoto sokuzingela lamabutho. Esikhathini sikhathi esibucayi kakhulu abaqamekeli babe umshini Soviet, okuyinto abuyiselwe isimo esikhona manje. Empini lachithwa cishe wonke amathangi German kanye nezinkampani ezimbili elihamba phansi.

Model 1943

yezimpi ezinkulu 1943 babe esifundeni eningizimu emaqeleni isiRashiya, lapho kwakukhona khona indima kokuqhuba iqhinga impi futhi ukusetshenziswa mass enkulu imishini. It ke yaba ithangi Soviet T-34/76. Imodeli ayisaxhunyanisiwe ekhiqizwa kwaseStalingrad. Kunalokho, ukukhiqizwa yayo washukumiseleka ukuba Omsk, eChelyabinsk Sverdlovsk.

Maphakathi impi iphela nomunye (siqala elincane) sesimanje T-34/76. Kube isistembu nombhoshongo eziyisithupha, gearbox omusha yethulwa. Ihhovisi design ngamunye yayingidida indlela ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa bezakhamuzi umshini, ngesikhathi esifanayo ulondoloze isimo izinga kusebenta kwato. Eqinisweni, ngosuku olwandulela le eKursk impi ithangi T-34/76 1943 wahlala ukuguqulwa kancane esasisandulele, eyabonakala ekuqaleni kwempi.

amaphutha

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-course yezenzo wezempi phakathi esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo iRed Army waqala ukubonisa abalulekile design amaphutha esihlukanisa Soviet ithangi T-34/76. izinga kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe enkaba German ukuba bavume ngokushesha ngemva kokunqotshwa kwe-Wehrmacht at kwaseStalingrad. I kwamaNazi waqaphela ukuthi kuleli zwe ngayo isikhathi sokulungiselela yesikhathi eside empini Imininingwane (hhayi Blitzkrieg). Ngenxa Ukuwohloka inhlalakahle sabantu sika izinsiza nakakhulu phakathi ephansi amabhajethi lempi. Kukhona ukulungiswa entsha ubunjiniyela German.

Inselele esiyinhloko T-34/76 ukuntuleka maneuverability ethangini. Ngaphandle kwayo, imodeli iba ngisengozini ngempela. Imbangela ukushiyeka kwaba ukuntuleka ijubane ukulawula yokudlulisela. Kakade T-34/76 isampula ngo-1942 waba gearbox 4-ijubane, kuyilapho imoto yakwelinye izwe - isivinini 5-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, gearboxes Soviet kuhluke nobunzima. Kusukela yokushayela wawudinga ikhono namandla okubhekana naso, kanti ethangini nabasebenza German wayengazi zinkingana.

izitha entsha

Lapho belungiselela impi ebaluleke kakhulu eKursk, umyalo Soviet Kwethenjwa ukuthi amathangi Russian ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi imodeli entsha German ngaphandle izinguquko ezinkulu Yokuvukela nomklamo walo. Le nkolelo kwagcizelela entsha izinhlamvu udibi Ukubhoboza, eyabonakala on the iRed Army ngo-Ephreli 1943. Nokho, ngesikhathi se-T 34/76 waqala ukudlala njalo Duel nalaba baphikisi wakhe oyinhloko ebusweni German "Panther".

EKursk ekugcineni kungaqedwa inkohliso we Kremlin. Popular "Tigers", "uFerdinand" futhi "Panthers" zazingcono kuka ubuchwepheshe Soviet, emuva kubo iminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Kubonakala sengathi umahluko azinakwa. Eqinisweni, phakathi nempi intuthuko Technical ebuthweni amaphuzu a isivinini esikhulu kakhulu, yingakho ngisho igebe kulencane kusukela abaphikisi kungasho ukufa.

Sebenza izimbungulu

Zonke izinkinga ngenhla T-34/76 kwakungamadodana nenselele engathí sina kakhulu Abaklami Soviet. Umsebenzi ku izimbungulu waqala ngokushesha. Ukukhiqizwa lokuqala elisha amabhokisi igiya isitshalo waqala e Sverdlovsk. Kukhona entsha gearbox 5-ijubane, owedlule 4-speed olwesimanje. Ukukhiqizwa waqala ukusebenzisa ngcono steel bafake nemithi. Futhi, ochwepheshe baye ihlolwe entsha yokudlulisela design (Kubuyekeziwe amabombo, izingxenye transmission, kanye nokunye. D.). Sverdlovsk ithimba abaqambi ephethwe ayifake ukukhiqizwa le actuator main bamba, okuyinto kakhulu lula umsebenzi umshayeli.

I chassis ethuthukisiwe lalingesinye ngcono, okuyinto got ithangi olusha T-34/76. imishini isithombe kusuka uchungechunge ezahlukene kanye ukubukeka ayikwazi ukuba abahlukile, kodwa umehluko ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwawo kwaba ngo ukuphathwa kwabo yangaphakathi. Bakhandwa kwagcizelela amasondo oyivila ezinamasondo, ukuthembeka ngcono design, nokunye. D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amathangi yayiqhutshelwa i ifektri ukuhlola okungeziwe.

Emuva kwezamabhizinisi

Ngo-July 1943, ngokokuqala ngqa waqala kuthinte ngcono phezu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule usebhekene T-34 ethangini / 76. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo washiya abadumile Battle of Prokhorovka. 5th Guards Tank Army wenza imashi kuze kube manje engakaze ibonwe.

Kwaphela izinsuku ezintathu kungavumi umzimba nge ukulahlekelwa sakugcina izisebenzi ezenzeka 350 amakhilomitha. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kungalindelekile ngenxa amaJalimane, lezi zakhi nqumela elwa, wadiliza kuhlasela German. Isitha elahlekile cishe ikota yebahlali amathangi zabo.

Ukuphela ukusebenza

Enye inselele enkulu ubuchwepheshe laseSoviet ecasula Belarusian, 1944. Ngasekuqaleni lapha, kanye enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia, lalivela ezinhlamvini nokuthola izindaba kuminze emaxhaphozini of izimoto zempi. Kubandakanya izikhathi eziningana ekhiqizwa ithangi oqeda T-34/76.

Ngo Belarus, inqubo kwadingeka sithuthe esihlabathini futhi imigwaqo yobhuqu ungeyena nqampuna umhlabeleli, noma ngisho emahlathini nasemaxhaphozini. Kulokhu, isikhathi yesondlo siswele. Naphezu kobunzima entsha yokudlulisela T 34/76 kokumpimpa yayo futhi wamelana yalolu hambo amakhilomitha 1000 (50-70 amakhilomitha ngelanga).

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa Byelocountryn le imodeli ekugcineni wakhala nemizuzu engu-85 ukuguqulwa. I T-34 zokugcina uyasinda ithangi / 76 watholakala ezansi emfuleni Don ku Voronezh esifundeni. Kwaletha kwamanzi ngoJulayi 2016. I Okutholakale uzobe ichonywe Museum.