Isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: insimu, ifulege, elingenamikhono izingalo, umlando

Isi-Byelorussian - a isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, omunye 16 republic wangaphambili wase-USSR. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic waba BSSR Belarus. Inhlokodolobha lingumuzi Minsk, okwakuyigama omunye lamadolobha amakhulu kakhulu ezinabantu abaningi eSoviet Union. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-BSSR kubalulekile ukukhetha izifunda 6, 117 ezindaweni zasemakhaya, amadolobha 98 futhi ezigudle emadolobheni 111.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside wayekhona isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Ifulege wethulwa ongakhetha ahlukahlukene emlandweni walo. Lezi zinketho okusesihlokweni esithi.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho kwakukhona lapho isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, elingenamikhono izingalo kwakucishe zinjalo.

Umlando wemfundo

Phakathi amazwe ezifana Poland, Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, le RSFSR, Ukraine SSR, le isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic yasungulwa emva kwempi. Insimu ke kwadingeka cishe 207 600 km ^2. Ekuqaleni ingeyamakhosi RSFSR kanye isi-Byelorussian SSR waba republic azimele ngeminyaka emibili nje vo. Ngokushesha ngemva ukuhlukana kwazo isi-Byelorussian SSR ahlangane Lithuanian Soviet Republic futhi kwamiswa Lithuanian-isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, SSR LitBel, kodwa kuphela unyaka nesigamu. Isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ngo-1919 kwaba Eqinisweni ingxenye yezwe emikhulu. Lithuanian-isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic lalinabashumayeli ezimbili. Moscow-Litovsk Treaty, esasayinwa ngo-July 12, 1920, wawuwusuku abangasoze sokuhle wokugoqa wase-USSR LitBel. Futhi ngo-July 31-Lithuanian-isi-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic is ngokuphelele zihlakazwe. Ngakho, SSR isi-Byelorussian yadalwa ngo-1919, waba ingxenye union elikhulu, ngemva, kusukela 1920 kuya ku-1991, kuvela isimo odlule futhi baba geqe.

izici kwezomnotho

Ngo-1980, ama-ruble angu-4.3 bhiliyoni sokuthuthukiswa izimboni, ezolimo kanye nengqalasizinda iye izimali SSR isi-Byelorussian. Amagatsha amaningi asethuthukile embonini isimo ongase abizwe ngokuthi chemical, Petrochemical nokudla izimboni. Ukukhula kwezomnotho (1940 kuya ku-1980) wenziwa ngezithukuthuku esindayo capital investment nomsebenzi abantu Belarusian. Abantu ababeka ngemva kwempi wawuhlala emaphandleni, wakha umuzi, eziningi zazo kungashiwo sekwakhiwe kusuka ekuqaleni, ahlele zokukhiqiza isizinda amaminerali. Njengobana 29-nesibaya ukwanda umthamo ukukhiqizwa eminyakeni 40 nje. Okokhelekayo BSSR kanye Republic of Belarus uye walungiselela futhi liqinisekiswa izinqolobane zayo obuningi igesi yemvelo, uwoyela, amalahle kanye Peat. ezifakwa Rich amaminerali Kuye asethuthukile futhi ifakwe usizo Soviet uma utshala imali. Ubude ojantshi e-BSSR kwaba kakhulu ngendlela 5513 km kuya 1982, futhi izimoto emgwaqweni - 36 700 km.

labantu

SSR isi-Byelorussian wayengomunye walaba ezinabantu abaningi kweSoviet Union, ngo-1984 kwabantu labantu kwaba abantu 47,6 ngayinye 1 km ^2. isiphetho Uniform weRiphabhulikhi kungenxa kuqhathaniswa alinganayo izimo zemvelo lonke insimu yalo. Nokho, maphakathi enabantu abaningi ezweni kwaba ukuthi indawo akunakubangelwa emadolobheni lapha omkhulu, kuhlanganise Minsk. Esikhathini kusuka 1950 kuya ku-1970, inani labantu basemadolobheni bukhula ngokushesha kwesilinganiso ngoba i-USSR.

isi-Byelorussian Imvelo

Republic kuyinto e-East European Plain, bangazihluphi phakathi Dnieper umcengezi nasentshonalanga Dvina futhi Neman e sifinyelela layo elingenhla. uhlobo eyinhloko phezu flat. Nokho, endaweni libhekene alternation amagquma ezisezansi, yiziphi izindawo waqala ukugcwala kakhulu, ngaphezu, inani elikhulu amachibi esisogwini Insimu BSSR. glaciation quaternary kwenza lesi sici wokukhululeka. On engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-esentshonalanga yezwe lonke uhlelo ukugcina moraine lamagquma. Enyakatho-mpumalanga amagquma.

impumuzo

Ohlangothini usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga kulendzawo yangaphambilini isiBelorussia welula yokhalo Belarusian, ehlanganisa izingxenye ehlukile, awalethe kwakheka glaciation eMoscow. Parallel kuwo kukhona emathafeni periglacial. Belarusian Polesie, itholakala eningizimu ye isimo, yindaba olukhethekile plain. Hills emikhulu futhi isinyathelo eningizimu, eduze Belarusian Polesie.

Isimo sezulu

BSSR kwaba ezonini athokomele, okuyindawo kulandela ukuthi isimo sezulu sisivivi. Januwari lokushisa - mayelana -4 ° C, kodwa ngenxa ubude elikhulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, lesi silinganiso zingahluka. Isilinganiso Julayi lokushisa - mayelana 17 ° C, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, inani kungenzeka ingalingani nakanjani zonke izindawo zaleli zwe. Isimo sezulu yezwekazi, okusho ukuthi imvula kancane - 550-700 mm.

emfuleni

I isi-Byelorussian SSR kwaba inqwaba imifula kokubili elincane lelikhulu e mileage. Ubude Imininingwane kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso ukubaluleka 90 600 km. Bonke basonta Atlantic elisemcengezini, okuyi Black futhi Baltic iziLwandle. Ezinye emifuleni asetshenziselwa zokuthutha. BSSR wayenothile kakhulua, amahlathi, okuyinto hlala 1/3 zensimu, izimila, amaxhaphozi kanye nezihlahla elise ensimini ka 1/10.

indawo isiBelorussia wayengekho emaphethelweni ipuleti East European, futhi kungakho umsebenzi seismological ayikwazanga ingaqina, ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu lingaphansi kuka 5 amaphuzu.

Of yemvelo BSSR

Amaminerali abalulekile manje elise ensimini ka Belarus izinto eziningi ezinkulu, angabizwa ngokuthi igesi, uwoyela, amalahle kanye nosawoti ahlukahlukene.

Amafutha kanye negesi kuyinto endaweni ocebile kakhulu enyakatho Pripyat wokuxovela. Isici esiphawulekayo ezifakwa uwoyela - kuyinto okukhulu, futhi indawo izingqimba yabo. Igesi yemvelo alikho izinto eziningi ezinkulu, ngakho-ke ekhiqizwa kanyekanye.

amalahle Brown kanye oluthambile

Futhi nenqwaba ansundu zatholwa ensimini SSR isi-Byelorussian. Peat imelelwa 39 zilwane. Ungomunye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa main eBelarus. Njengoba abaningi njengoba 7,000 amalahle, endaweni kabani Imininingwane cishe abayizigidi ezingu-2.5 amahektha, umane ingasetshenziswa yini. Peat Ingqikithi - amathani 1.1 bhiliyoni, ngempela izinqolobane ocebile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, BSSR waqala ukhiphe namafutha oluthambile, okuyinto ahlelwe ososayensi bokuma komhlaba uthi, at a m 600 ukujula. I nenqwaba oluthambile njengoba kabanzi njengendlela nophethiloli.

nosawoti

Potassium kanye rock usawoti kukhona izimayini kanye chemical feedstock. Amandla Izinhla -. 1-40 m Bona kuzothathwa rocks carbonate-nobumba. Izitoke umanyolo mldr has mayelana 7.8 m. Bakhandwa ekhishwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, ezifana Starobinsk futhi Petrikovsk. Stone usawoti emelelwa mldr 20 m, alala a amamitha angu-750 ukujula. Khiphela kubo amasimu ezifana Davydov futhi Mozyr. Ngaphezu kwalokho, BSSR yayinezinto phosphorite.

rocks ukwakhiwa

Insimu Belarus Ubuye yingcebo ukwakhiwa kanye ebhekene izinqolobane itshe, wokulinganisa, ubumba kanye isakhiwo isihlabathi. Izitoke ekwakheni itshe - cubic metres abangaba yizigidi ezingu-457 ^3, elibheke - cubic metres mayelana 4.6 million ^3. Iningi abacebile ekwakheni itshe ezindaweni eseningizimu Belarus. Dolomites, ngakolunye uhlangothi, woza kwamanzi enyakatho. izinqolobane zabo - abangaba yizigidi ezingu-437,8 amathani BSSR kwaba amatshe abacebile ekhumuzelayo, zigcine zazo namuhla akhawunti ngoba kunabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 3,679 amathani izinhlobo ezahlukene Clays ivezwa ensimini ka Belarus e izinqolobane of 587 kwezigidi ezingu m ^3, ukuthi akuphi ikakhulukazi e Minsk, Grodno .. , Gomel futhi Vitebsk izifunda.

Ukuthuthukiswa izidubedube

On endaweni isi-Byelorussian SSR, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, sisuke ngentshiseko misela izidubedube. ukuthuthukiswa babo baqala enye engu-30 000 edlule ngasekupheleni Paleolithic. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu ababehlala kule nsimu, misela Flint lisemhlabathini. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-4.5 million edlule, kwakuvele athuthukile ukudoba kremnedobyvayuschy. Sithole inombolo enkulu ezimayini ayesetshenziswa emuva esikhathini Cretaceous. ukujula yabo ayikho kuka 6 amamitha, kodwa zinikezwe isikhathi nesenzakalo yabo, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa Flint wayehlonishwa kakhulu phakathi izakhamuzi lezi zindawo. Kwakukhona amasethi eziningana imiphini, zixhunywe ukuhwebelana, ngokuvamile kuze 5.

ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza

I izimayini zasendulo izinaliti atholakele, ayehloselwe for lokuthunga izikhwama ezidingekayo ukuze bayise amaminerali misela. indaba kusetshenzwe eduze ophumayo. Flint yasetshenziselwa womshini izimbazo. Kakade ngekhulu lesihlanu BC izimayini waqala ngezinto, zazo abantu ababehlala ensimini ka Belarus, ukudala izinto ekuphileni futhi izikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubumba senziwa izitsha izidingo ezahlukene. Kakade ngekhulu le-16 kwaqala ukuvela glassware, futhi-18 uvele owokuqala endaweni ukwakhiwa.

isizinda Peat

isizinda Peat ku SSR isi-Byelorussian waba legatsha ezimele umkhakha. Umqulu bezilokhu anda ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa. Kwakubonakala izinkampani Peat ukuthi wemboni leveraged. Kodwa ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, cishe bonke of them kwabhujiswa. Kuphela ngo-1949 ngevolumu Peat ekhishwe safinyelela amagugu odlule.

isizinda nosawoti

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, umanyolo kanye rock usawoti ensimini ka Belarus kukhona ngamanani amakhulu. Kodwa kuphela ngo-1961 yaqala izimayini amandla awo okwelapha. Kusetshenziswe indlela komhlaba imali ezimayini. Abacebe wabo - Starobin. I imishini iningi isizinda kuholele ukwanda umthamo nosawoti ngama-60% ngonyaka we-1965 futhi u-98% ngo-1980.

Ukuvikelwa kugcwele

I isi-Byelorussian SSR namaminerali ngenkuthalo yafakwa amabhomu agqitshwayo, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi kakhulu ukuthonywa imvelo. Izindawo ezinkulu eziseningizimu ziye ahlasela ngesihluku. Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi zokuzithokozisa yayiqhutshelwa okuhloswe ngaso nokunonophala izidubedube kanye nokubuyiselwa imithombo, ezifana inhlabathi umquba, nokutshala izihlahla.

Ochwepheshe Ezemfundo emkhakheni wezimboni

IsiBelorussia Polytechnic Institute, kwakheka emuva isi-Byelorussian SSR, silungiselela abasebenzi ukusebenza embonini yezimayini. It yasungulwa ngo Minsk ngo-1933. Kakade ngo-1969 kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-12 neminyango. Kukhona nezinye izikhungo zemfundo. izikole Technical manje ukuhlinzeka imfundo on ukuthuthukisa Peat imali, ukucutshungulwa komhlaba imikhando futhi okungezona metallic amaminerali nezinye izimboni.

Arena ngxabano

Ngo-1920, i-SSR isi-Byelorussian, omunye angase athi, laliyisikhungo yokuphikisana wobunxiwankulu eYurophu nase-USSR. party zokugcina kwakuyoba namandla ePoland, izithakazelo yaseSoviet Union emelelwa ithimba le RSFSR. Uthe lesi sinqumo senziwa hhayi esivuna SSR isi-Byelorussian. Regulation akukuniki kungenzeka wokwandisa Belarus ngezithukuthuku Poland.

Socialist isi-Byelorussian bebengeneme indawo imingcele nomakhelwane balo, okungukuthi ne RSFSR nePoland. Babekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba nibeke imingcele kolayini ethnographic. Unity wayengekho ensimini ka izinkinga.

IMpi Enkulu Patriotic

Phakathi WWII BSSR futhi USSR wahlupheka ezingaphezu kuka kwezinye izingxenye zombuso waseSoviet Union. Esikhathini SSR isi-Byelorussian, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 million, kanye nezwe lase kwamanye amazwe ayizinkulungwane 380. Inani labantu abaphila ngaphambi kwempi, kuphela ibangelwa 1971. Abahlaseli amaNazi wabhubhisa imizi 209 nemizana, kwadingeka eziningi zazo ukuba kabusha, 2.8 million kuphela square metres kwezindlu ezisekhona kusukela cishe 10.8.

Ukuthola uzibuse futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Ngo-1990 yena ngemvume Simemetelo State Ubukhosi of the isi-Byelorussian SSR, okwakusho ekwehlukanisweni kwakhe osekuseduze. Septhemba 19, 1991 waba ngokusemthethweni eyaziwa ngokuthi Republic of Belarus. Ngawo lowo nyaka kube yakhiwe futhi yasayina isivumelwano ku ukudalwa CIS. Inhlangano ihlanganisa Russian Federation, Ukraine futhi Belarus. Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo emlandweni ngalesi simo kungenziwa ngokuthi ukuthi amaningi njengoba 46 iminyaka yale republic, kanye Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, wayengomunye amalungu UN (United Nations), nakuba Lahlala isimo engaphansi - isi-Byelorussian. Eminyakeni 1920-1930 ukuthuthukiswa uMthethosisekeleo okwakwenzeka ezweni.