Biography Nikolaya Gastello. Feat Gastello, wehlela emlandweni

Nikolay Frantsevich Gastello, a feat okuzokwenziwa ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, wazalwa ngo-1907 eMoscow, futhi wafa ngo-1941. Lokhu kubuyekeza izozama ukutshela kafushane mayelana izikhathi ezibalulekile empilweni iqhawe Soviet.

Ayengobani abazali aviator adumile?

Kwakuyisikhathi umshayeli Soviet lempi, ilungu izimpi ezintathu, induna isigaba sesibili. Washona ngesikhathi sokuhamba ezempi. Gastello - Hero of Soviet Union. Lesi sihloko waklonyeliswa Nikolayu Frantsevichu kwakhe.

Ayengobani abazali ka Gastello, iqhawe langempela? Ubaba UNikolai Pavlovich ngokuthi Franz Gastello. Yena wayengumbulali Russian German. Wazalelwa endaweni yase Pluzine. Lapho-ke waqala ngo-1900, ngaqala ukufuna umsebenzi e Moscow, lapho waqala ukusebenza Kazan sesitimela e Foundries. Igama likamama kwaba Nicholas Anastasia Semyonovna Kutuzov. Wayesekhulile imvelaphi Russian, ubesebenza njengomshayeli umthungi.

Ngakho kungani UNikolai Gastello feat okwenzile? Mhlawumbe impendulo yomlando wakhe? Kuyadingeka ukuba sicabangele kafushane umsebenzi Nicholas.

intsha Gastello

Kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1918 Nikolay wafunda Sokolniki idolobha esikoleni eyesithathu zabesilisa yaqanjwa A. S. Pushkina. Indlala esabekayo ngo-1918 zaphoqa abazali ngesikhathi ezokuthutha ke kusukela eMoscow, ngakho ndawonye neqembu lesikole-Muscovites, wathunyelwa Bashkiria.

Ngo-1919 UNikolai, babuyela eMoscow, lapho waya esikoleni futhi. UNikolai yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1923, waba umbazi osafunda. Kamuva, ngo-1924, Gastello umkhaya wathuthela emzini Moore, lapho Nicholas abasha baba umakhenikha ngesikhathi isitshalo esitimela kubo. Dzerzhinsky, lapho ayesebenza khona uyise. In parallel umsebenzi, wathola iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme (ngesikhathi sanamuhla kukhona esikoleni ngesikhathi Cha 33). Ngo-1928 ngesikhathi engena CPSU. Ngo-1930, amalungu Gastello umndeni futhi wabuyela eMoscow, futhi Nicholas baqala ukusebenza ngowokuqala ubunjiniyela zomphakathi isitshalo kubo. 1st May. Nicholas wayephila esikhathini Khlebnikovo emzaneni kusuka 1930 kuya ku-1932.

Isevisi ku iRed Army

Ngo-1932, ngo-May, ngokuvumelana isethi olukhethekile UNikolai ngabuthelwa Red Army. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi le ithunyelwe ukufunda e-Air Force Pilot School emzini Lugansk. Ukuqeqeshwa ezenzeka kusukela ngo-May 1932 kuya kuDisemba 1933.

Wakhonza Bomber ayisishiyagalombili yesibili Bomber Heavy isigaba amabili nanye Heavy Aviation Brigade, kumila elalisendlini emzini Rostov-on-Don, ngo-1938. Wabe eseqala umshayeli ukundiza ohlangothini lwesokudla olwesithathu webhomu esindayo. Futhi ngo-1934 (Novemba) Nikolay kakade ungumnikazi ephethwe izindiza. Ayikwazanga he zindla lowo esikhathini esizayo feat - umshayeli feat Gastello - kuze kube sekugcineni emlandweni Russia?

Impi yokuqala Gastello

Ngenxa kabusha, ngo-1938, uNicholas kwaba Heavy Bomber Regiment kuqala. Ngo-1939, ngo-May, wayengumuntu kumlawuli, futhi cishe ngemva konyaka - iphini induna isigaba. Waba khona izimpi ku Khalkhin-, kanye eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu futhi esheshayo Bomber Aviation Regiment, okwakubekelwa subordinated kuya isigaba TBAP kuqala. Kwakukhona futhi umhlanganyeli eSoviet impi Finnish waba nengxenye inqubo ukubusa eBessarabia naseNyakatho eBukovina kokuphindela eSoviet Union ngo-June kuya Julayi 1940. Eduzane ebusika kulo nyaka, zezindiza ingxenye izoya Vitebsk, ukuze imingcele esentshonalanga, sabe Aviagorodok eduze Smolensk. Futhi ngo-1940, uNicholas waklonyeliswa elisezingeni likakaputeni. Ngo-1941, entwasahlobo, Nicholas ukuziqeqesha ngokufanele futhi wathola anawo izindiza DB-3F ngesikhathi. Wayengumuntu induna isigaba wesine amabili nesikhombisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza ibutho.

Feat Gastello enziwe ngemva okwandisa, kakade umkhuzi isigaba okufanayo engxenyeni yesibili.

baphihliza

Ngo-1941, okungukuthi 26 Juni, eliholwa uCaptain Nikolaem Frantsevichem elabhalwa uLieutenant G. N. Skorobogatym, A. Burdenyuk kanye esiphezulu usayitsheni A. A. Kalininom indiza DB-3F indiza ngakwesokunxele ku- ukukhiqiza ibhomu yi-German line ngomshini we endleleni Molodechno -Radoshkovichi. Flight senzeka kanye isixhumanisi 2 ekuhlaseleni. Antiaircraft umshini umlilo Nikolaya Frantsevicha wadutshulwa.

Umonakalo isitha projectile inflicted uphethiloli. Nicholas waphenduka indiza yakhe evuthayo esikhungweni ikholomu isitha ngomshini. Feat Gastello (kafushane) kwaba azokuqhubela inqama umlilo. Zonke izisebenzi abulawa.

Ngokusho Vorobiev futhi Rybas

Juni 26, 1941 washiya ukwakheka eholwa uCaptain Nikolaem Frantsevichem Gastello. Bekanye heavies ezimbili DB-3F. Indiza yesibili eziqhutshwa uLieutenant abaphezulu F. Vorobyov, njengoba itilosi naye landizela uLieutenant Anatoly Rybas. Kwakungobani amagama izisebenzi ezingaphezu Vorobyov, amalungu 2 ezingaziwa. Ngesikhathi ekuhlaseleni amasu okuhlushwa aseJalimane Gastello le kwadutshulwa indiza. Kusukela amazwi Vorobyov futhi Rybas, Gastello imoto evutha ekhiqizwa ramming isitha ngomshini ikholomu ubuchwepheshe. Ebusuku, abalimi emizaneni eseduze Dekshnyany wakhipha izidumbu pilot indiza, zihambisana izidumbu e parachutes awembela eduze indawo ye webhomu ukuphahlazeka.

ukufunda konke

Ngokushesha feat Gastello wathola eziningi emaphephandabeni. Ngo-1941, 5 Julayi, kusihlwa e isifinyezo kweSoviet Information Bureau okokuqala it okukhulunywa mayelana nesenzo UNicholas. Izingqapheli Pavlenko, P. Krylov wabhala isihloko sephephandaba i esikhathini esifishane, "kusho uCaptain Gastello", eyakhishwa ngo iphephandaba ngaphansi Isihloko esithi "IQiniso" ekuseni ku-10 Julayi.

Entathakusa ka-July 6 ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phambi pilot ababehlangana kulelo zwi. Imininingwane lidlule esiteshini somsakazo eMoscow, izwi lo ummemezeli babebonakala ajwayelekile kakhulu - ngokushesha kwavela imemori yendlu, eMoscow. Umsakazi funda olunye ulwazi ngalokho feat wenza Gastello. Baningi abantu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ngaphambili ummemezeli okuphindaphindiwe igama iqhawe - uCaptain Gastello.

izinkumbulo

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba impi, lapho Gastello kanye uyise wayesebenza esikhumulweni isitshalo eMoscow Nicholas wangitshela ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akukashicilelwa, behamba nganoma yini umsebenzi awuthunyelwa, futhi yonke indawo usibekela isibonelo futhi eyisibonelo kokusebenza kanzima imini yonke, ukuphikelela nokuzinikela. Wayeyindoda buthelela amabutho ecaleni ezinkulu.

Lapho eba umshayeli ukulwa, wayihlukumeza kakhulu masinyane, kuyafaneleka. Wayengeyena udumo, kodwa ngokushesha wahamba ukuthandeka. Feat Gastello njengoba wakhumbula kamuva, kwadingeka ukuba enze. Kungani? Yebo, ngoba wayengumuntu! Nsuku zonke sasiqhutshelwa ngomzamo ukwenza okuthile ngenxa yezwe lakubo, ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwaba feat.

Ngo-1939, lapho ngebhomu belofinskie izimboni lempi, bunkers namabhuloho, e eBessarabia waphonsa paratroopers bethu ababengoFakazi ukuvimbela kwempahla isimo. Ezinsukwini Elikhulu Patriotic neMpi Nikolay Frantsevich - Chief of isigaba sakhe - amakholomu amaNazi armored sephulwe, naphula smithereens elwa izindawo, ngetshe kwamabhuloho olwembiza. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, induna Gastello udumo ukusabalala ezingxenyeni flying.

Isenzo, elaba zomlando

Final feat Gastello esingeke silitshalwe wake empilweni yami. Julayi 3 asesandleni sakhe induna UNikolai Frantsevich alwa emoyeni. Ukude, ezansi, phansi, futhi, waqhubeka lokulwa. amayunithi esinenjini lesitha balibangisa endaweni Soviet. Blows wezikhali yethu zamasosha welula ukuwunqanda yabo. Lapho efeza impi yayo Gastello akakungenisanga ebusweni futhi phansi impi.

Phakathi nempi le projectile isitha ithwala ithangi igesi ye indiza yakhe. Le ndiza kwagqamuka amalangabi. Isimo, eqinisweni, singaze silahle ithemba.

UCaptain Gastello Ungadlali evutha imoto. Njengoba bethobekile, ukuze nabaphikisi izimpukane like a inkanyezi enomsila somlilo, izindiza zayo. Umlilo cishe kwakuyihora umshayeli. Kodwa umhlaba iseduze. Gastello amehlo ashisayo amalangabi, kodwa akusho uvale kubo, futhi zihangulwe izandla namanje eqinile. Ababhubhayo izindiza namanje owulalelayo ngezandla umshayeli befa.

Indiza Gastello elalibambeke e ekuqongeleleni amathangi namaloli, futhi ukuqhuma kwahlokoma nge kuba eside rends impi air: ithangi isitha umlilo. Iphela kanjalo iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe - ekuthunjweni hhayi eyihlazo, hhayi igoqe, kanye feat!

Usuku wehlela emlandweni

Sizokwenza khumbula njalo futhi uzokhumbula, njengoba wabizwa iqhawe - uCaptain UNikolai Gastello. A feat sakhe ona ngaso, wahlubula nomkhaya wakhe nomyeni nendodana yakhe, kepha wanikela Homeland iqhawe futhi ithuba lokuwina.

Imemori uyohlala phakade isinyathelo ngendoda wathatha kokufa kwakhe, okwenza kube yisikhali esibulalayo. Lo mcimbi senzeka ngo-July 3, nakuba lesi simangalo akukwazi olungenamkhawulo. Kodwa kwakungegazi Julayi 3 - usuku kuboniswe esihlokweni esithi "UCaptain Gastello". Kungenzeka, le nombolo futhi iye yachazwa ngokuthi embikweni Soviet Information Bureau, okuyinto senza Julayi 5 kusuka imibhobho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isihloko "Pravda" lithole ukusabela okuhlukahlukene futhi feat Gastello ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba isibonelo ze-Soviet. Nicholas omunye ambalwa anamandla amasampula ezinkulu nezidumile. feat yakhe kuze kube sekugcineni emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kanye kabanzi njengesibonelo ngesikhathi inkulumo samasosha yokushisekela izwe ngenjongo yokwakha izwe intsha, kokubili esikhathini yokulwa abahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa, futhi ngemva kwempi, kuze kuwa-USSR.

Rank postmortem etholwe

Ekupheleni kuka-July 1942, induna amabili nesikhombisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo zezindiza ibutho waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union. Kwakhe, ngeshwa NF Gastello, a feat ezokwenza uphile phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, okuye kwachazwa ukuthi lesi sihloko.

Isinqumo sikaNgqongqoshe Defense zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa uCaptain UNikolai Frantsevich kufakwe ohlwini omunye regiments emoyeni unaphakade. Kwaphela isikhathi eside le mcimbi libhekwa. Ngakho, amatilosi, ezazihlanganisa Skorobogatyy G. N., Kalinin AA, Burdenyuk AA, isikhathi eside emthunzini induna yakhe edumile. Kodwa zonke umklomelo efanayo yanikezwa hhayi kuphela N. Gastello. Feat eyafezwa nethimba lakhe. Ngo-1958, zonke zezisebenzi efile baklonyeliswa Order of Patriotic neMpi mina degree. Kwakhe.

"Gastellovtsy" - umshayeli wenza "inqama somlilo '

Ngemizamo yamaSoviet eyayisakaza amanga feat Nikolaya Gastello waba omunye owayethandwa kakhulu emlandweni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe impi, kanye negama hero - abadumile. "Gastellovtsami" baba narekat labo pilot ngubani waphinda feat UNicholas. Ngakho ubani waphinda feat Gastello?

Sekukonke, ngesikhathi impi ye-1941-1945. ekhiqizwa emakulu mahlanu anamanci asithoba anamihlanu "classical" emoyeni izinqama, okungukuthi indiza ye izindiza. izinqama ezinhlanu ezingamakhulu ayisithupha izindiza phansi amatshe, ulwandle eyishumi nesithupha izinqama, kule nombolo akunakubangelwa nezinqama ulwandle ebusweni nama-pilot ugu ukukhomba isitha, ziyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha nezinqama zempi.

Kukhona idatha ezahlukene ngenani izinqama

Kuyadingeka ukuba uphawule ukuthi imithombo kukhona ezinye iphutha mayelana nenani ukuhlaselwa Collision. Ngokwesibonelo, esihlokweni esithi "Abalandeli UNikolai Gastello" kubikwa mayelana nane kuphela lokufundela ukushayela imikhumbi mayelana emashumi mahlanu anamibini kuphela ramming armored, anamakhulu mahlanu eziyisithupha izindiza phansi ramming ilitshe ukushayisana angamakhulu ayisithupha ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

A. D. Zaytsev encwadini yakhe "Izikhali umoya onamandla," uchaza inani emoyeni nezinqama e inani ezingaphezu kuka anamanci mabini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zezindiza mlando baye baphetha ngokuthi: "amaphepha kuboniswe isitha nezinqama engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, okwenza pilot Soviet waphinda feat Gastello. Abashayeli kuze kube manje akuyona siyachazwa. '

Akukho ukungaguquguquki ekuhloleni inani langempela labantu "nezinqama somlilo. ' Ngokwesibonelo, Yuri Ivanov, emsebenzini wakhe "Kamikaze Abashayeli - ukuzibulala" kuphawula inani ukushayisana ezivezwa pilot Soviet kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945, "cishe amathathu namashumi amahlanu."

Ekupheleni kwalesi sigaba

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza Soviet rammed isitha izikhathi eziningi. Kufanele kube okungenani kalukhuni uhlu abavelele kufakwe indaba zomlando ka neminyaka yempi. Amathathu ezine-ram umshayeli emoyeni esetshenziswa izikhathi 2, 4 umshayeli - Nikolai Terehin, uVladimir Matveev, leonid Borisov, u-Alexei Khlobystov - izikhathi 3, futhi Boris Kovzan - izikhathi 4. Kuyinto labo waphinda feat Gastello, umgomo - ngasiphi intengo, ngisho intengo - ukuphila kwakhe, ukuze ulondoloze lizwe futhi ukunikeza ikusasa khulula kwabanye. umnikelo wethu encane kuleli - ukugcina inkumbulo labo manje sibonga lolu hlobo ukuphila esinakho!