Russian uMbusi u-Alexander I

U-Alexander I eyizibulo Paul 1. Umbusi esizayo wazalwa ngo 1777, 12 Disemba. Alexander wakhuliswa ikakhulu Ekaterina 2, ugogo wakhe. Ukuthuthukiswa ezingokomzimba mfana ezama ukugcina eduze nemvelo. Ezemfundo waba umbusi esizayo ye-Swiss La Harpe, a nesu lokungacunuli Republican.

U-Alexander Omkhulu. biography

Ekaterina 2 kufanele kudlule sobukhosi umzukulu wakhe ngqo, ngokudlula uPawulu 1. Nokho, hhayi njengoba siye saba nethuba ukuhlela alo, washona. Ethathe ubukhosi, uPawulu 1, wenza indodana umbusi lempi Petersburg, umhloli of elihamba nabamahhashi, bese usihlalo neminyango lempi iSigele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyise wabo bonke Alexander esolwa ngokwakha itulo, mina ngisho wakufaka inqaba. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indodana ngempela abathintekayo enhlanganweni gobe amelane noyise. Ngenxa yalokho, omunye wabo , uPawulu 1 wafa.

Alexander efika esihlalweni sobukhosi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nane. Wayekhona uthando nge wesimethri nokuhleleka yasungulwa, kwadingeka nengqondo ehluzekile. Nokho, njengoba abantu besikhathi uqaphele wesabe nezindaba zomphakathi, kwakubonakala kuye babulawa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Alexander ngineminyaka engu ngabazeka kakhulu futhi osolisayo. Emperor of sonke isikhathi wahlushwa ukuzibona ngiyisiphukuphuku. Ukuzama balahle kuye, u-Alexander I wafuna ukumisa into efana i autocrat ke njengoba umholi wamasosha.

Ngokusho besikhathi, umbusi Kwakungesona umsekeli oshisekayo ushintsho. Nokho, ekuqaleni wokubusa Alexander Ngachitha kabusha ngempela olukhulu.

Umbusi wokuqala ukhansele zonke ukuguqulwa kayise, uPawulu 1: yakhulula abefundisi kanye ukuhlonipheka kuhlawuliswa, wabuyela edolobheni ukuze izikhulu "efuze", babuye babuya cishe izinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili becindezela izixhumanisi, bonke abalekele isimo yamemezela ushwele.

Ngemva 1803 (kusukela kushaywe umthetho "On the abalimi khulula") abalimi banikezwa ilungelo ukuthenga inkululeko yesivumelwano ne umninindlu. Nokho, lisebenzisa ke esingaphansi kwesigamu iphesenti serfs.

Kusukela 1803 kuya 1804 u-Alexander I wenze izinguquko kuloluhlelo lwemfundo yomphakathi. "Imingcele isimiso" yamukelwa 1804. A ekhethekile iqhaza kabusha yokutholwa ngu MM Speransky. Imizamo yakhe ngokwezinga elikhulu yokuphatha entsha oda isimo, Ukwehlukana okuncane yayikhona kuze 1917.

Kusukela eminyakeni 1805 kuya 1807, u-Alexander nengxenye mfelandawonye wokulwa Napoleon. Ngenxa ukunqotshwa at Austerlitz, uMbusi waphoqeleka ukuba ngemvume iSivumelwano Tilsit. Nokho, kamuva impumelelo basempini basiza aqinise isikhundla waseRussia ngamazwe.

Ngemva kwempi yokuqala akuphumelelanga ekuqaleni Impi Ye-1812, u-Alexander, ayeqiniseka ukwehluleka alo ezempi, cishe isuswe zobumfihlo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, cishe akabashiyi kuphi, ngaso sonke isikhathi e Kamennoostrovsky Palace, Petersburg.

Yasishintsha isikhundla zonke odelelekile Alexander 1 ngemva kwenhlekelele ibutho sikaNapoleon, okuyinto elahlekile yisithwathwa nendlala eRussia cishe zonke ngezithako zawo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1814, ngo-March 31 kukhona uMbusi ezifanayo Russian langena Paris. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Alexander 1 waba yindoda evelele kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Umbusi ngokwakhe wonke amabutho uzama ukuqinisa isikhundla salo.

Nokho, u-Alexander 1 ngaphezulu wazama ukuncika abantu "basondelene kakhulu '. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Arakcheev, kanzima, anolaka, amasosha unonya. UMbusi luzama ukwakha ekilasini ekhethekile yezempi, okuyinto ecasulayo kakhulu kulendawo Russian, ilimaze yokuziqhenya kwawo njengesizwe ekilasini. Kulezi zimo, ke ingabe ukuphisa utshwala icebo Alexander 1.

Ukubulawa kwakhe ngo-1825 kwakuhlelwe kahle. Yenza bakhi yakhe Kuhlelwe 1826, ehlobo, ngesikhathi zijike ngokushesha. Nokho, ngo-1825, i-emperor ngokuzumayo wafa eTaganrog ngenxa yalesi sifo.