Izinguqulo eziningana kungani Baty akayanga Novgorod

inqubomgomo Active ukuyokudla emazweni amasha eminyaka th 12-13, nomthelela ekwandeni pastoralism abayimizulane kanye isifiso wasithatha wasenganekwaneni ingcebo ezingenakulinganiswa angomakhelwane esithuthuke kabanzana. Kodwa imikhankaso yekulwa Novgorod, Batu akazange athathe indawo. Kusukela abayimizulane ekhiqizwa lutho kodwa ukudla izidingo zabo, izinto eziphambili bona ashaywa noma ngokuhamba ukuhweba, noma (okwakuyinto evamile) e inqubo kuphangwa nokuphanga. Emazweni angomakhelwane, amaMongol wabona nokwehla nemibango yangaphakathi, kungenzeka ukuqala impi ukunqoba babephelele. Ake sihlole ukuthi kungani Baty akayanga Novgorod.

Ubukhulu ngezinto zalo ezibonakalayo zikaGenghis Khan ekhulwini le-13

Omkhulu amabutho Khan athumba ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Central kanye Ephakathi-Asia.
• Iningizimu yeSiberia.
• Khorezm phakathi imibuso emibili.
• North eCaucasus.
• Wanqoba amabutho Georgian-Armenia futhi Alans.
• OLwandle Azov.
• Russian-kudluliswa Polovets inhlangano ku p. Kalka.

Ngemva kokufa uGenghis Khan e 1227 ubunikazi of the Empire, amaMongol lahlukaniswa laba ulus eziningana. Nababusi beye baba amadodana akhe nabazukulu.

Isinqumo bomkhankaso-Mongolian ENtshonalanga

Isinqumo yokunqotshwa ngensimu Russian senziwa emhlanganweni jikelele amaMongol izikhulu (Kurultai) e 1235. Mongolia kahle ekulungiseleleni impi. izikhulu eziningana, nezinduna, okungcono nukers amaMongol athatha ingxenye kulezi izimpi eside. Njengoba entshonalanga umbuso oluphethe abayimizulane waya Batu, umzukulu uGenghis Khan, wahola umkhankaso kula mazwe ocebile. Injongo kwaba eMpumalanga Yurophu.

Ukuqala ayehlasela Batu

Ukuze uvikele ezingemuva yakhe, Batu wanqoba izizwe Polovtsian lokuqala, ngalesosikhathi phephetha Bulgaria iVolga. Lesi simo eye abasekho. Ngo 1237, ibutho ayimizulane waqhubeka North-Eastern Russia. AmaMongol ashisiwe ngesikhathi ehlasela futhi emshaya ngesihluku esebhubhisile imizi ezilandelayo:

• Ryazan wawa ngemva kokuvinjezelwa ngesonto.
• Ezishile Kolomna, Tver, Pereyaslavl, eMoscow.
• Ngemva 4 izinsuku zokuvimbezela, bahlasela wasishisa uVladimir.
• 2 amaviki heroically inkani, kodwa-ke wawela Torzhok.

Inani elikhulu of kokubili nemizana ezinkulu nezincane we North-East Russia kwabhujiswa, kanye nezakhamuzi ngesikhathi ekwindla-ebusika iminyaka 1237-1238 isikhathi. Ukuqala kwentwasahlobo izimvula nokungakwazi ukunyakazisa ezinqoleni esindayo phansi ezinodaka baba esinye sezizathu esenza Baty akayanga Novgorod. AmaMongol akazange ukufika kuleli dolobha angu-100.

Eyesibili ayehlasela amabutho Batu sika

lempi okuqhubekayo ithumba ngemva konyaka, futhi ekwindla-ubusika. Yambamba eCrimea, wawa futhi washiswa Kiev, galich, uVladimir-naseVolyn, nakwamanye amadolobha eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeRussia. Batu ke wahlela imphi yakhe. Ingxenye waya ePoland futhi Hungary, elinye - ogwini aseBaltic.

Kungani Baty akayanga Novgorod? Ngoba amabutho akhe wathutha ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ukuthunjwa Sandomierz, Lublin, Krakow, Wroclaw. Knights basePoland German anqotshwa. Mongol izindimbane matasa Hungary, Austria, Croatia, eDalmathiya, eCzech Republic, wafika Vienna, esondela Venice. Olunqobayo bamba Europe Batu abasephula, kokuba ulwazi wathola mayelana ukufa Khan Udegeya e Karakorum. Nokho, hhayi iphindela eMongolia, Batu Khan eyasungulwa isimo phezu iVolga ephansi, unelungelo zolotaya Orda. kwemingcele yayo ayesuka eDanube kuya Irtysh.

Kodwa kuthiwani Novgorod?

Umbuzo nini Baty ethumba Novgorod, has eyodwa impendulo: akwenzekanga. Eyesibili amaMongol ahlasele kwakungelona umkhankaso olulodwa. Batu kwaholela ekuthatheni ezindaweni zihlakazeke uchungechunge ukuhlaselwa. Khan, ebabonisa namandla ezempi yempi yakhe, wanxusa edolobheni ukuhambisa Nuker yayo. Kuphela ngenkani bamelana nemizana kwabhujiswa.

Ngokuzithandela umaluju isiphetho ikhokhwe lokumiswa Khan amahhashi, ukudla ifolishi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibutho labantu abayimizulane nezinkomo zabo kanye nezinqola ayikwazanga ngokuvamile ukulwa ngokuya nemihosha, amahlathi, imifula kanye namaxhaphozi. Yilokho emaxhaphozini futhi uma kuncibilika iqhwa entwasahlobo okwesibili ukukhansela umkhankaso Batu Novgorod futhi wasiza umuzi omkhulu ukuhlala ungenakunqotshwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Novgorod ngokuthi ukuze kuvikeleke Knights Livonian ehlasela North-West of Russia, Aleksandra Nevskogo. Mhlawumbe khona kwale umkhuzi abasha nethimba waba nendima ekusindeni emzini Nomad kuphangwa.

Enye inguqulo ye impendulo yombuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani Baty akayanga Novgorod, uthi emva nobusika emizaneni Russian cishe akukho izinqolobane ukudla noma for lwane. Bachitha ngomzana, ngokuthatha Usululungele hay ebusika abalimi, abantu abayimizulane fed namahhashi awo, kube ngokweminikelo yephasika. Bayeka endaweni isinyathelo sezempi, njengoba kwakungekho lutho ukondla izinkomo zabo.