Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, "Operation Edelweiss"

Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi "Blitzkrieg" (umbani impi uhlela Eastern Front zigoqiwe) futhi kuyoba ukulwa isikhathi eside, uHitler wazimisela umsebenzi zamabutho Wehrmacht ukuphuca abaseSoviet ithuba ubuyise fuel amasheya ngezithukuthuku izinkambu Caucasian uwoyela ngo-June 1942. Ngakho, amaJalimane wazama opha ibutho lasemoyeni nezimoto armored iRed Army. Okwenziwe kohlaka lolu hlelo kwaba ukuthunjwa eCaucasus banayo ikhodi-okuthiwa "Operation Edelweiss". Kafushane mayelana kakhulu lo msebenzi futhi kungani amaNazi abakwazanga ukuwuqeda, uzotshelwa kulesi sihloko.

Amacebo umyalo German

Ukuze sifeze isethi umsebenzi sokudumisa, Army Iqembu "A" ephethwe Jikelele Field Marshal Wilhelm Leaf, kwadingeka, ngokudlula entshonalanga yokhalo Caucasian futhi akhombise Novorossiisk isiteleka Tuapse, uphakathi nendawo isifunda esikhulu uwoyela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze uthwebule Grozny futhi Baku ohlangothini olusempumalanga ye yokhalo wathutha Army Iqembu "B", omunye iphansi kwesandla sika-Field Marshal - Fedor von Bock.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube okuhlaselayo waqala eJalimane ngenjongo yokusebenza izinkambu Caucasian izinkampani ezimbili uwoyela Kwamiswa, ke wathola ilungelo elikhethekile isikhathi engu-99. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-High Command ayekade beyalwa ukuba bayeke zonke nokubhonywa ezinehuha for umkhakha German. Kuvikela zonke izinto ethunjwa amaJalimane esake icala amasosha SS eyeke ukuba amayunithi isitha Don Cossacks General Krasnov.

Njengoba ukusebenza "Edelweiss" yayihloselwe isixazululo imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu amasu ke abulawe yayo amabutho ezinkulukazi babethunyelwa khona, kuhlanganisa 168 ayizinkulungwane. Amasosha nezikhonzi Wehrmacht futhi ezingaphezu kuka-1.5 ayizinkulungwane. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye lempi eCaucasus wathunyelwa angaba yizinkulungwane 14. Amafutha ochwepheshe.

Division Highland Fusiliers

Njengoba "Edelweiss" - ukusebenza yezempi, futhi lokho lwenziwe endaweni of eCaucasus Ukhahlamba ke ukuqaliswa yayo ngempumelelo yama-Jalimane wazama athola inzuzo esiphezulu kusukela imvelo esifundeni. Ukuba ekuchithweni kwayo Intaba Division, igcwele abantu bomdabu ezindaweni sezintaba eningizimu Bavaria, kanye bemidlalo-abaqwali ngesikhathi, umyalo ayabele ke indima ebalulekile ukusebenza ukusebenza okuhloswe.

Amayunithi lokhu division, futhi, endleleni, ubizwa ngokuthi "Edelweiss", sayalwa, breaking endaweni wahlala olungavikelekile Elbrus entabeni pass, hit ezingemuva amayunithi Soviet ababezama ukumisa ngaphambi Army Iqembu "A". Kanjalo iqhinga uyinkimbinkimbi okuhlose Red kubangele ukushaqeka ezingalindelekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela athathe isinyathelo.

Swastika ku Elbrus

Ukulungisa inguqulelo zamabutho esemqoka ye Wehrmacht kusondela, 5 Intaba Division umlomo, ngamunye eyayihlanganisa abangafika kwabangu-90, waqhubekela phambili, futhi emi phansi okusezingeni eliphezulu, wemba. Kube uye kubo efakwe izibhamu futhi entabeni izibhamu. Ukukhulisa ugqozi izisebenzi amayunithi, okuyinto operation amabutho "Edelweiss" kwenziwa, umyalo German sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli yonke indawo ngesikhathi amaphuzu esiphezulu isethi, amafulegi amaNazi.

Lo myalo kwenziwa kusuka pedantry luyingxenye isiJalimane, futhi kakade 21 Agasti nge amabhanela swastika wendiza e iziqongo esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga kweNtaba Elbrus. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi senzo uthethe eziningi umzamo futhi yabangela ukubambezeleka ngokuhamba ukusebenza, ayenakho enkulu inkulumo-ze value, enikeza isizathu ucindezela Goebbels ukunanyatheliswa ikhasi sematheni, ememezela ukuthi kusukela manje kuqhubeke ifulegi izimpukane German ngenhla iphuzu esiphezulu Europe.

Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo umkhuzi Intaba ukwahlukana Jikelele Hubert Lanz ethunyelwe Berlin ifilimu amavidyo, adubula ngokukhethekile efika kulesi senzakalo, opharetha, futhi wathatha isinyathelo ukuqamba kabusha Elbrus isiqongo embiza Hitler.

inkampani ongashiwongo ngegama

Njengoba iningi lezazi-mlando sezempi, kwaba isimanga okuphelele izindaba umyalo Soviet ukuthi amaJalimane sakwazi ukugibela cishe ezingafinyeleleki emaceleni ale ntaba, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetha eziqongweni amaphuzu labadubuli.

Amathenda umyalo ayeyalwe ukuba ngokushesha ukuba kubakhiphe. Nokho, nokuqaliswa kwalo kwaba kuphela iyunithi ngokuxhamazela kwakhiwa, zinabantu wangaphambili abakhwele amahhashi Budyonny, ngubani babengenalo ulwazi zempi hhayi kuphela ezindaweni sezintaba, kodwa ngokuvamile, ngisho ngezinyawo, kanye kusukela tylovikov, eziningi zazo hhayi igcinwe izingalo nezandla.

Le yunithi ngokuxhamazela kumiswa inombolo hhayi kuphela yayo esemthethweni, kodwa ngisho uhlu lwamagama yamasosha. Myalo wajuba luyingxenye sokuya empini - wezinwele abesifazane izolo sika Grigoryants, ekhiqizwa nje kokuba lesikhulu sombutho.

Esimeni esiphuthumayo,

Futhi nokho babefanele empini ngemicibisholo abakhethayo ukuhlukanisa "Edelweiss". Ukusebenza 1942 wasithatha eCaucasus yafinyelela umvuthwandaba ekuqaleni kuka-September, lapho Grigoryants iyunithi ngaphansi Ngibambeni nenkungu, kaningi kangaka ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, wasukuma ukuze ukuphakama entabeni ukudlula Terskol. umsebenzi wayo kwakuwukuba namabhomu ngokuzumayo ehlasela isitha, amenze baleka izikhundla ngaphambili matasa kuwo.

Emva kokuqeda i-ingxenye yokuqala uhlelo, futhi njengoba ephakama uphawu elinqunyiwe, amasosha iRed Army esesimweni esibucayi. Lapho inkungu ekuseni kuqedwe,, ngokuba okhalweni evulekile kancane amaJalimane aphansi umelele target ekahle entabeni abacibishelayo. Ukuthumela amasosha elizimisele, umyalo alikhulumi nanokukhuluma ukuqinisekisa sifihle zabo izingubo, futhi ingubo zabo amnyama ngokucacile wama phandle ngokumelene eqhweni elimhlophe.

Heroes emithambekeni ezineqhwa

Ukuhlaziya isimo samanje, izazi-mlando sezempi ngizile ngazwi linye ukuba afinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi uLieutenant abanesibindi Grigoryants hhayi sathola ithuba hhayi kuphela ukuze akhulule amaJalimane ezikhundleni zabo samanje, kodwa ngisho ukuze bahlale bephila. Ngokusobala, kuyaqondakala ngokwabo iRed Army, kodwa Nokho, wayeba njengompristi namaqhawe yangempela.

izinhlamvu walondoloza amasosha German - amalungu ukusebenza, lapho bekhuluma amazed kanjani nalokho sabuka esasizobhujiswa, kodwa hhayi ozinikela amasosha, ngokoqobo wabalwela zonke imitha emthambekeni ezineqhwa. Kwakunzima jikisa nokufa kuphela wayeka abanesibindi. Kuyinto yabo engakaze ibonwe isibindi predetermined esizayo kuwa ukuthengiselana "Edelweiss".

Ekupheleni September 1942 ngomyalo umyalo baseSoviet abaphenya Elbrus wathunyelwa uphiko oluyisipesheli, eyayihlanganisa amasosha ngokuphelele abaqeqeshiwe. Yayihlanganisa NKVD izikhonzi bacecesheka, bezintaba okhokhelwayo. Nokho, ngisho ngosizo lwabo bahluleka khulula nsimu enezintaba kusukela amaJalimane.

Ukuwa "Operation Edelweiss"

Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi impi isondela ngumuntu othatha izinqumo futhi soshintsho, okubangelwa kokunqotshwa amabutho aseJalimane at kwaseStalingrad. Futhi nakuba ngesikhathi division Paulus namanje baqhubeka simelane nakho, kwaba sobala ukuthi umphumela impi kuzenzakalele.

Njengoba esimweni ukunqotshwa German at kwaseStalingrad Intaba Division is nakanjani ezungezwe, Wehrmacht izinduna zakhipha umyalo for sokuhoxisa kusuka endaweni eCaucasus. Ngakho, ukusebenza "Edelweiss" umkhankaso ngempumelelo futhi wathuthukisa kabanzi Ministry Goebbels waphenduka ukwehluleka.

namaqhawe ongenagama futhi ubuqhawe babo

Kuyadabukisa, kodwa cishe akekho kusukela oshonile iqhawe amayunithi kwakhiwa kusukela tylovikov futhi budonovtsev wangaphambili engakaze kwakhe abaphakanyiselwe imiklomelo, futhi kuphi ukukhunjulwa kwabo Simisé izikhumbuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaqhubeka ingaziwa ngisho amagama abalingiswa, njengoba ngokuxhamazela wabutha inkampani, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwadingeka hhayi kuphela izinombolo lixuku, kodwa ngisho uhlu kwabasebenzi.

Noma kunjalo, inani laba bantu inkulu ngokungavamile, ngoba kuphela sibonga isibindi sabo ephethwe ukubambelela Elbrus amabutho aseJalimane hhayi uzivumele, ngokudlula eCaucasus ububanzi, hit ezingemuva amabutho aseSoviet, ukuze amelane nokuhlaselwa we-German Army "A" futhi "B". feat yabo kwaba omunye iziqephu eziningi amasosha ubuqhawe nameless laseSoviet wonke yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe waklonyeliswa.

"Ukusebenza Edelweiss", wakhulelwa futhi kwenziwe amaJalimane ngokuvumelana nemithetho yobuciko lempi, ihlangabezane ukumelana abantu ukuphikelela eqele ngalé samakhono abantu uqobo, futhi kabani ukunqoba kwakungenakwenzeka.

Imemori ye neminyaka yempi

Namuhla, lesikhumbuzo kuphela ezenzakalo esithakazelisa amanxiwa Elbrus is iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-ihhotela kweSoviet Union (4130 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle), kanye ngokuthi "Ingosi nanye" washisa ngo-1998. Phakathi nenkathi lapho msebenzi olwenziwa amaJalimane "Edelweiss" (BOB) therein headquarter Intaba Division Vermahta.

Ngenxa inkampani nobuqhawe uLieutenant Grigoryants futhi feat yabo omphakathi jikelele eye kancane kakhulu uyazi, lokhu igebe wanquma bagcwalise abenzi mafilimu Russian. Ngo-2012, abaqondisi Ruslan Bozhko Igorem Malahovym kanye documentary "Operation" Edelweiss "yathathwa. imfihlakalo Zokugcina. " Abenzi Wenza umsebenzi omkhulu, zokufunda egcinwe ezinqolobaneni we ezifuywayo angaphandle.

Isizathu ngokwenza ifilimu waqala ukuvela kokuthi nabezindaba mayelana yokuthi kulezi zinsuku emithambekeni Elbrus abaqwali ziya ngokuya baqala thola ezigcinwe ice oseleyo amasosha aseSoviet. Ngoba, ngokusho ulwazi olusemthethweni, endaweni yezenzo abalulekile lempi kungukuthi eyenziwa (umyalo wamaSoviet wawungafuni bayathanda ukucabanga yezinqumo zabo), kwaphakama umbuzo: yini eyenzeka lapho ngesikhathi sempi? Njengoba usuyaziqaphela ubuqhawe lamasosha, lapho ukusebenza wathiywa "Edelweiss" futhi bagqoka isithiyo endleleni amaNazi ethathe amafutha Caucasian.