Kuyini endleleni yokuphila eLeningrad ukuzovala?

umzila Ezokuthutha, eyaqala phakathi neMpi Yezwe II yonkana Lake Ladoga, elibizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi Road of Life. Kusukela ekwindla ka 1941 kanye nobusika 1943 kwakucishe okuwukuphela kwendlela eLeningrad ukuzovala, okuyinto ngokuphuthumayo esifushane izimpahla. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nalokho endleleni yokuphila, uzofunda kusukela kulesi sihloko.

Qala ukuvinjelwa

Nokuvinjelwa edolobheni iqhawe kweLeningrad waqala Septhemba 8, 1941, lapho amabutho aseJalimane uvale encirclement ngokuthatha Shlisselburg. Kuyinto kuleli dolobha wathatha ukubeka umzila wokugcina ukuthi exhunywe Leningrad neSoviet Union. Ngakho-ke, ithemba lokugcina ukulondoloza abakhileyo endlaleni yayimane nje ebusika kanye ice yeLake Ladoga.

I ukudiliva lokuqala ezilambayo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwesigubhu waba zona kanye izimo ezinzima Ukuqondiswa kwemikhumbi, nayo yonke imizila ukunikezela ezakhiwa ngokudlula Lake Ladoga. Ogwini echibini kwakungasebenzeki ifakwe yimuphi zasesikhumulweni semikhumbi noma pier. Kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise umyalo ukuqala ukudiliva ukudla Septhemba. Umzila Road of Life owawuse kusukela Volkhov e Novaya Ladoga , bese ngokusebenzisa amanzi Osinovets yesibani. Maphakathi no-September wafika lapha ngowokuqala izikebhe ezimbili phezu onezitezi lapho kwakukhona amathani angaphezu kuka-700 lamabele ufulawa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, usuku ngo-Septhemba 12 is suku uma ngiqala ukusebenza Ladoga endleleni yokuphila. Ngaphambi nje kokuphela 1941 edolobheni ubumpofu wakhululwa angaba yizinkulungwane 60. Amathani ezihlukahlukene izimpahla 33,5 izinkulungwane bashiye zabantu. Liyisisekelo sako konke wezimpahla eyalo emgwaqeni zokuphila bekulokhu ifolishi, ukudla, okokubasa kanye nezinhlamvu. izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene nobuqhawe abacebile ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad futhi imishini Road of Life, mhlawumbe - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu.

kwangigcina

Ukudla, imithi kanye nezinhlamvu bebungekho. Inkinga yayiwukuthi ukunquma endleleni yokuphila (ngokudlula ice). Ekupheleni kuka-November, intelligence Soviet waba ukuhlola ingqikithi echibini kanye onguthelawayeka esizayo, futhi ngo-November 20 kuya ice ne Vaganova Leningrad Uzalo esitimeleni bokuqala futhi eliholwa uLieutenant M. Moores. 350 isihlibhi 63 amathani kafulawa ngomkhumbi. Kakade ekuseni ngo-November 21 lolu hide bafike endaweni yesehlakalo, okuyinto ulungisiswa ukusebenza futhi wakhipha umyalo ocacile ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini endleleni yokuphila ukuphakela Leningrad.

Ngakusasa edolobheni ivinjiwe 60 amaloli laden Gaz-AA ( "polutorok") ithunyelwe, wawuqondiswa uKaputeni B. Movements Porchunov. Umgwaqo zokuphila emsebenzini impi at zigcwele, kuphela ebusika lokuqala ayizinkulungwane 360 amathani wezimpahla ziphuthunyiswe, zazo ayizinkulungwane 260 - .. ukudla. Izimoto, abuyele ezweni, qiniseka ukuba acabangele umzimba wakhe labantu kulo muzi, bashiya imizi yabo ngonyaka wokuqala nokuvinjelwa emhlabeni izinkulungwane 550. Man. Ngenxa ezokuthutha esihleliwe isabelo sawo sokudla eLeningrad kwaqinisa futhi labantu yayiya elambile.

Isigaba esisha supply

Esigabeni esilandelayo navigation eLake Ladoga waqala ngasekupheleni kuka-May 1942, imikhumbi yezimpahla uthuthwa kokubili ndlela ngaphezulu kuka 1 million kwezimpahla, lapho izinkulungwane 700. Were eLeningrad. Ukuze Mainland zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo ayizinkulungwane 445. Abantu abavela lezakhamuzi. Ohlangothini reverse ngaphambili ukuthi wathunyelwa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 300. Military.

Lama-42 ehlobo kwenza kwaba lula ukwakha iphayiphi ngezansi Lake Ladoga, okuyinto ukuba umkhandlu ukwazi ukunikeza fuel, kanye ye usinika amandla kagesi i-Volkhov esiteshini emifula.

Kusukela phakathi no-December 1942 kuya ku-March 1943 usephinde waqala ukwenza usebe umgwaqo edume zokuphila. Phakathi nale nkathi, ke uhanjiswe ezingaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane of impahla emikhunjini ehlukahlukene eyathutha ayizinkulungwane 100. Man.

Januwari 18, 1943 imigomo, Red Army walulama ngemva Shlisselburg isitha, futhi ukuvinjelwa kweLeningrad kwaba eziphukile. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, lenziwe ujantshi, okuyinto waqhubeka yonke imizi Georgia ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kamuva lo mgwaqo owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Victory Road. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, umzila Ladoga liqhubekile kuze ephakamisa yokugcina umuzi, okungukuthi, kuze kube-January 1944.

Incazelo umzila

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo: "Uyini Indlela Yokuphila" - akunakwenzeka ngaphandle incazelo olunzulu indlela yayo. Yaqala ngesikhathi le-Finnish sesitimela nezwe uye walandela esogwini lweChibi Ladoga, bese ngqo ku echibini eqandisiwe. Kulokhu, lo main umzila Road of Life senzeka nje 25 amakhilomitha kusuka izikhundla isitha ogwini, lapho kuphuma khona umlilo ezihambayo ezinqoleni. Abashayeli ukulayishwa njalo ezokuthutha bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini, sinyakaza ngaphansi umlilo kusukela wezikhali German zamasosha futhi ukubeka ziwela ngaphansi echibini ice. Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke nezinkinga endleleni nsuku zonke esiqala amathani ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ka impahla emikhunjini ehlukahlukene.

Phakathi ukusetshenziswa, umgwaqo edume wamiswa a qiniso eliyimpicabadala: abesabekayo kakhulu kule nhlangano umsebenzi kwi iqhwa - hhayi zamabhomu ekuhlaseleni isiJalimane, futhi ukuhamba ngesivinini resonant. Kulesi isikhundla, noma iyiphi imoto wangena phansi iqhwa endaweni lapho emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambili labetibambile tyazhelogruzheny kulandelana. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya endaweni kwechibi ngamunye akuvunyelwe ezilawulwayo.

I okunye isiphetho Road of Life

Njengoba wazi, entwasahlobo ka-1943, lapho ephukile iringi nokuvinjelwa Leningrad, endleleni yokuphila indawo Victory Road entsha, okuyinto kwaba umugqa legatsha kusukela Volkhov yiLeningrad. Kodwa ukudla ebusika emzini olunikezwe umzila ubudala - yonkana Lake Ladoga.

WWII Leningrad ukuvinjelwa ngokukhethekile, izibonelo njengondunankulu bangempela ukushisekela ubuzwe umoya futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Izigidi zabantu ziye hhayi wanqotshwa yisitha, futhi wahlushwa bonke lobu bunzima futhi ubunzima neminyaka yempi. Kuyini endleleni yokuphila? Lona omunye Izenzo eziningi abantu baseSoviet ngo neminyaka yempi.