Umlando wenhlangano Pioneer: unyaka imfundo, sibaluli, ingoma, imiklomelo. UVladimir Lenin Zonke-Union Pioneer Inhlangano

Namuhla, inzalo ezingasho uqala kubangele umlando wase-USSR. Othile uzama ukuthola amaphuzu ezingezinhle, ezinye omuhle kuwo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngomlando wenhlangano Samaphayona, lapho namuhla kubangela eshubile. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhona imibuzo, yini okufanele uyenze nezingane noma kungani isizukulwane samanje selikhule ave. Umbuto kutsi inhlangano iye yaba usizo noma eziyingozi, inkulumo ngeke uhambe, le miphumela ukwenze bona.

Umsuka walo ukunyakaza Samaphayona

Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi izimpande bale nhlangano ezibonakala luyingxenye lamaKhomanisi ubuyele emuva scouting. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi ngo-1917 eziningi isithunywa inhlangano zezingane kwamiswa eRussia. Ngokuvamile, inhlangano kwadingeka azungeze 50,000 abahlanganyeli. Ngobusuku obandulela le Yombango scouts kuyizinto ezihlukahlukene esingaba nezingxoxo usizo lomphakathi, babe abahleli nabezempi zezingane, futhi ihlelwe yokusesha izingane emgwaqweni.

Lapho wafika amandla kuhulumeni waseSoviet, ukunyakaza ayohlola waqala iba yingxenye yomhlabathi e iziqondiso kuye ngokuthi indawo endaweni. Ngokwesibonelo, e Kazan futhi Petrograd uvele inhlangano "abafowethu Ihlathi", futhi umphakathi eMoscow eyakhelwe kumigomo Baden-Powell. Futhi lwezimali kulesi "yukizm" t. E. 'ngamaKhomanisi Young ". Bazama hlanganani imibono lamaKhomanisi nezimiso scouting. Yukistov umsunguli we ukunyakaza kwaba umsebenzi party Vera Bonch-Bruevich. Kodwa ngo-1919 wanquma chaza wonke amaqembu ayohlola e iCongress of the Komsomol.

Ukunikeza Krupskaya

Kusukela kulo mzuzwana iqala indaba le nhlangano iphayona ngesimo lapho lakhunjulwa. Ngakho, ngemva kokuvinjelwa amabutho isithunywa waqala ukuba wazizwa esijulile ukuntuleka nezinhlangano ezisebenza nezingane. Okokuqala washayelwa umbono ka N. K. Krupskaya, ekhuluma ngo-November 1921 umbiko, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "On the umfana-scoutisme". Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu inkulumo yanyatheliswa ngo incwajana, othi kubalulekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukudala inhlangano yezingane, obekungadala "Ukuthola ngesimo lamaKhomanisi kokuqukethwe."

abaholi Okokuqala Komsomol, omubi waqonda scouting, bananela ngokuqapha nezingane isiphakamiso. Phela, ukuze zijoyine inhlangano, izingane, eqinisweni, walondoloza isiko, isikhungo namanje ngaphansi tsars, okuyinto ayikwazanga kodwa ezibangela ukukhathazeka. Nokho, konke kwashintsha lapho kwakhiwa ikomidi eliyisipesheli ngemuva inkulumo Krupskaya. It I. Zhukov ethulwa umbiko wakhe, okuyinto wemukelwa amalungu Bureau. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho-ke saqala ukuxoxa ohlangothini yenhlangano sezinto.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1922, Ikhomishini wenza isiphakamiso ukufakwa phakathi izinhlangano isithunywa kwezingane, kunokuba amalungu Komsomol, njengoba kusikisela ekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, I. Zhukov aphakanyisiwe ukwetha nhlangano entsha, "Pioneer". kakhulu igama lathathwa Seton-Thompson. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlangano Pioneer kakhulu wathatha scouting. Ngokwesibonelo, ifomu umdlalo ukuqeqeshwa, inhlangano oda, ukuphathwa kwezingane ngosizo nabeluleki, izakhi kufanekisa, izimali komlilo. Ngisho yisiqubulo "uzilungiselele!" Akusiye lo original.

Iqembu lokuqala

Februwari 2, 1922 isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa umlando wenhlangano Pioneer senziwa. Ngalo lelo langa, ezindaweni lesifunda kwathunyelwa incwadi evela eKomidini Central we Bureau ku ukusungulwa iqembu yezingane ngesikhathi i-Komsomol cell. Ngo-February 4, idaliwe ihhovisi ekhethekile, okubandakanya Valery Zorin, Scoutmaster wangaphambili. Kwaba ngo-February 12, wahlela iqembu izingane wokuqala kwelinye izikole boarding Zamoskvorechye. I lamabutho wabizwa ngokuthi "Scouts Young", kodwa akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Futhi ngokushesha Zorin wasiphakamisa inhlangano yabantwana bakwa ngesikhathi isitshalo "Rubber".

In parallel Zorin ngaqala ukusebenza luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa Mikhail Stremyakov, omunye Scoutmaster. Wahlela iqembu ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni ifektri e bangaphambili ukuphrinta Mashistova. Ngokuvamile kuba iqembu yezingane okuthiwa Samaphayona lamabutho kuqala. Futhi ngo-Ephreli, okuhle sekuqalile, "Drum", umagazini wokuqala iphayona, bese "iqiniso Pioneer".

Mashi 2 sidalwe Bureau of amaqembu zezingane, umsebenzi nisebenzela isimiso. Kubhekwe futhi bayamukele, ubengaphakathi II Zonke-Russian Conference of the Komsomol 19 Meyi. Usuku inhlangano Pioneer - okungukuthi umhla uzobe umemezele kwalolu suku. Le ngqungquthela hhayi kuphela bavumelana usomqulu, kodwa futhi banquma ukuba baqale izinhlangano ikuyo yonke indawo Samaphayona. Ngemva kwalokho-ke lamiswa a bureau ekhethekile ukusebenza nezingane, ezazihlanganisa abantu abayisikhombisa. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-Ivan Zhukov futhi Krupskaya, njengesibukeli ezisuka, futhi Lunacharsky njengesibukeli kusukela kaHulumeni.

Ziyasatshalalaiswa kanye nokuzikhethela yegama

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isiqala emacembu ukuphayona kulo lonke leli zwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wenabisela futhi kudala izimpawu ukuphayona. Kwaba ngo-1922, yabhalwa umbhalo enye yezingoma edume kunazo iphayona - "Soar omlilo Blue Nights". Ngo Petrograd, iqembu abantwana kuqala yabonakala kuphela ngo-December 3. Yaba Komsomolets umhleli Sergei Margot. Eyokuqala eziqhelelene ezine iphayona zadalwa kusukela iqembu Russian of scouts abasha.

Ngo-October, ngesikhathi Congress esilandelayo Komsomol kwanqunywa ukuba uhlangane wonke ezindaweni eziqhelelene iphayona ibe inhlangano eyodwa, okuyinto waklonyeliswa isihloko "iYoung Pioneers okuthiwa uSpartacus." Ngosuku kokufa kukaLenin, inhlangano wanikwa negama lomholi. a esiyisipesheli wakhishwa ngo-1926, okuyinto ekhombise inhlangano entsha igama zezingane eye yasinda kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina ukhona. Kuzwakala sengathi "Zonke-Union Pioneer Inhlangano kubo. V. I. Lenina ".

Amaphayona ngesikhathi WWII

Unyaka ka Ezemfundo Pioneer inhlangano kwaba unyaka ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha e yokuphila kwezingane eziningi. Ngemva kuka-1922 kwaba ukuba abe iphayona njengoba ohloniphekile njengoba kokuba yilungu Komsomol. Futhi singene Komsomol, bengazamukeliswanga waba iphayona, futhi kamuva kwaba cishe engenakwenzeka.

Kancane kancane, inhlangano ukuphayona isibe nolimi kusukela ukuzwana nabantu yezwe. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngesikhathi amashwa esabekayo okukwehlele lonke elaseSoviet Union, awusebenzi ukuhlala sibukela.

Kusukela isimemezelo wamavulandlela impi emhlabeni uzama ukugcina abadala ukusiza ukulwa nesitha, hhayi kuphela ngaphambili langemuva, kodwa futhi ngaphambili. Izingane eziningi bajoyine komhlaba kanye amaqembu alezi zishoshovu. Amaphayona baba abafana womkhumbi imikhumbi yezempi, scouts, wasiza uzifihla ayizitha abalimele, baletha hlinzeka abashokobezi, ecasha emahlathini. Izingane kuyaqabukela athathwe ngokungathi sína, ngakho kwaba lula ukuze uthole ngokusebenzisa ezindaweni eziqhelelene ithala noma ukuthola ulwazi imfihlo.

Nokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi mission ukulwa yaphela nezingane ngokuphepha. Ngakho, yena waba kwakhe yaklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union izingane ezine - Zina Portnov, Lenya Golikov, noValya lwezimpawu kanye Marat Kasei.

Ngemva kwempi, wonke amagama abantwana ababefile afakwe ohlwini olusemthethweni kwalabo abamukela isihloko iphayona namaqhawe.

I post-yimpi esiteji

Umlando wenhlangano iphayona ngemva kwempi njengoba kanzima, njengoba umlando lonke lelo zwe. Kwakudingekile ukubuyisela ibhujisiwe, futhi kwakungekho okubaluleke ngisho baby ukunakekelwa. izingane Urban ukuqoqa Scrap Metal futhi imfucuza yephepha, babehilelekile okutshalwe zasemazweni. On iphayona yasemakhaya eziqhelelene walala umsebenzi nzima - bakhulisa nezilwane ezincane, njenge izinyoni nonogwaja. Okuhamba phambili kwe-abasebenzi abasebasha bayiswa ewina oda ahlukahlukene. Izingane nazo zithatha ekuvuneni, zasebenza simila. Ngokuvamile, noma ngabe yini izandla ngokwanele, wathatha umsebenzi amaphayona. Inani elikhulu of amadoda enempilo babulawa empini, ngakho-ke kwakunzima senqabe kusuka kunoma iyiphi usizo. Ikakhulukazi izingane, uqala ukubona isidingo, basebenza kanye nabantu abadala, ukuzama noma yini abazi vuma.

Manje kubonakala sengathi lo ngonya, kodwa ngesikhathi amaphayona ngokwabo bekungaba usizo. Akekho baphoqa izingane ukusebenza. Abaningi aqala umsebenzi onzima.

eminyakeni ezayo

Ngo-1953, amaphayona zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa cishe iqanjwe kabusha. Ngemva kokufa kukaStalin, abaningi banikela umphelelisi igama wenhlangano. Futhi uma ngaphambi Zonke-Union Pioneer Inhlangano kwaba Lenin kuphela, kodwa manje ziye wenza iziphakamiso ukuze ungeze umholi lapha abasanda kushona. Nokho, ngemva ukuchayeka zobuntu lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa kukaStalin, le nkinga iye mpilo ngokugcwele, kanye nenhlangano ayizange iqanjwe kabusha.

Kusukela ngo-1955, kwaba khona isiko ukwenza amagama abantwana abaqavile incwadi ekhethekile udumo. Ngo-1958 wabhekana ushintsho oluncane isakhiwo inhlangano. Ukuthoma kilonyaka, amazinga amathathu ukuthuthukiswa, ingane ngayinye ithola ibheji ekhethekile yethulwa. Ukuze afinyelele esigabeni esilandelayo, leli phayona kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso ngesikhathi isimiso esikhethekile ngabanye. Yonke umsebenzi ukuphayona iye bafakwe plan iminyaka emibili, yayihloselwe esikhungweni sokunakekela abaphezulu ukusebenza icebo labo eneminyaka eyisikhombisa.

Ngo-1962, isithombe se-Pioneer ibheji lashintsha - ke wanezela iphrofayli kukaLenin. Kwakuyisikhathi kuyizinkomba zokuthi uhulumeni uyakuqaphela umnikelo omkhulu enhlanganweni Samaphayona. Lesi senzakalo samenyezelwa kuyo ngokuthi i the Order of Lenin Zonke-Union Pioneer Inhlangano for izimpumelelo imfundo sezenhlalo nentsha ingafaneleki. Jikela eyishumi ubudala, ngo-1972, inhlangano yezingane kabusha ukhishwa elifanayo umklomelo ophakeme.

Ngalesi sikhathi amaphayona aqukethe izingane ezingaphezu kuka-23 izigidi ezingu kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union.

Ukupheliswa khona

Izinguquko lokuqala enhlanganweni Pioneer usebhekene nenkathi eyiminyaka kabusha futhi ekuqaleni yezinguquko ovulekile. Ngalesi sikhathi I. N. Nikitin, usihlalo we-Central Union Pioneer Inhlangano, izinguquko isakhiwo ukuphayona ukuze yeningi yayo ezihlongozwayo. Futhi ngo-October 1, 1990 10 Union Pioneer Jamboree, owawusedolobheni Artek, inhlangano zezingane saqanjwa UMTHETHO-SDF (Union of izinhlangano iphayona - Federation of Wezingane Izinhlangano). Usihlalo isikhungo esisha waqokwa E. E. Chepurnyh. Nokho, ukwenza izinguquko kanye kabusha Str-SDF bahluleka. Iqiniso lokuthi wayesesokhalweni iKomiti Central of Komsomol. Ngakho-ke, akukho ushintsho oluphawulekayo ayekade kwenziwe.

Ngemva kokuvinjelwa we CPSU lilandiswe-September 1991, kwaba nomhlangano i Congress of iYoung Communist League, lapho wamemezela ukuthi indima komlando Komsomol selikhathele okungavamile, inhlangano i-Komsomol usuhlakazekile futhi ababange besaba khona kanye Zonke-Union Pioneer Inhlangano. Kepha kusukela kulolu suku Meyi 19, ngosuku inhlangano Samaphayona, ayisaxhunyanisiwe kubhekwe iholidi. Izwe esiye sabhekana nazo izinguquko ezinqala futhi okuye kwaholela ekuweni izikhungo eziningi isimo.

Ngemva kokuwa yokugcina ye-USSR, impahla inhlangano Pioneer zashaqwa. Konke Isigodlo Amavulandlela esifundeni baguquka futhi waba "Izindlu izingane kanye nabantu abasha." Iningi emakamu iphayona lase lithengwe abanikazi yangasese, ngubani-ke wawenta ezindlini ezamukela izihambi futhi amahostela. Kuphela ingxenye encane kubo ushiye isimo ekamu impilo yezingane.

Yini amaphayona?

Imisebenzi yenhlangano Pioneer bekulokhu ukusiza i-Komsomol kanye nabantu abadala. Kodwa-ke ibilokhu ingeyona isinyathelo elinokuthula. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-30-yalolucwaningo lamaphayona wanquma ukuletha ukulwa ezitheni amandla Soviet. It ibekwe njengomthwalo womphakathi nesibopho zonke izeluleko abantu okuhle, kuhlanganise nezingane. A imodeli ngoba wonke amaphayona wakhethwa Pavlik Morozov. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, watshela iziphathimandla uyise omzalayo, owayesiza lo kulaks, bese waphuma kuye enkantolo. Phakathi naleso Pavlik noyise wabulawa.

Emva kwalesi sikhathi okukhulu ekulweni emelene ngempela namaSoviet lasemukela lesi ngemibono kanye yinkulumo-ze.

Nokho, la maphayona imfundo ngemibono hhayi kuphela. Futhi ngemisebenzi yabo ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kuhlanganisiwe:

• Scrap Metal futhi imfucuza yephepha.
• Ukuhlanganyela ukubuyekeza uhlelo kanye isosha esihlatshelelwayo.
• Ukuhlanganyela Timur ukunyakaza.
• Ukubamba iqhaza Zonke-Union ezemidlalo imincintiswano "Isikhumba Ball", "Golden Puck".
• Ukuqhuba ezemidlalo kanye lempi "Stozhatry".
• Ithimba imidlalo nge ibhola "Awe-Throwball" futhi "sniper".
• Bangena phakathi kwababusi abasizi abasha traffic abahloli, kanye intsha sokuzithandela mlilo.
• Were zemvelo abasha.
• Wahlela "Patrol Green" (wahlanganyela Ukuvikelwa ihlathi), "Blue Patrol" (wahlanganyela ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi).
• Amakilasi kwezemidlalo amakilabhu nemibuthano.
• Growing inkonzo izinja kanye namahhashi.

Inqubo yokwamukelwa

La maphayona ahamba izingane kusukela eminyakeni 9 kuya ku-14. Ngokusemthethweni, kwenzeka njalo yokuzithandela. Reception Kwenziwa ngamunye, ukuvota emkhandlwini jikelele Pioneer lamabutho. Yena kujoyina emgqeni ukuthatha ubuphayona isifungo, wabe wabopha nothayi obomvu futhi isithonjana iphayona ngilambatha. Ngokuvamile, emcimbini owawuse ezindaweni inkumbulo zomlando wamavukelambuso esikhathini amaqembu lamaKhomanisi. Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso weNkosi Lenin ku 22 April.

esinzulu noma isifungo iphayona, kwase ezilungisiwe umbhalo ifunda ngokufaka inhliziyo. Phakathi khona lenhlangano ezihlobene nalesi sifungo kwangena izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela futhi njalo ehambisana Party. Phakathi iphayona isifungo waqamba igama lami yafunga zijoyine inhlangano iphayona, "ngaphambi nabangane bami," uthando ezweni lawo, ukuba siphile ngokuvumelana eziyimiyalo Lenin, futhi ukuze uhambisane nemithetho inhlangano Samaphayona.

charter

I senhlangano Samaphayona, eyaziwa nangokuthi umthetho lala maphayona, kwadingeka ukuba ilandelwe ngaphandle umbuzo. Wayengekhona eside ikakhulukazi, futhi kulula ngekhanda. Ngokwe-isimiso, iphayona kwadingeka ukuba:

• Anikelwe ubukhomanisi, iqembu lokhokho.
• Lungiselela ukufaka i-Komsomol.
• Alinganayo heroes zomsebenzi kanye nomzabalazo.
• Hloniphani amasosha bawa futhi sikulungele ukuba abe wasemuva njengezitha zezwe lokhokho.
• Ukuphuma phambili kukho emsebenzini, ezemidlalo kanye izifundo.
• Yiba ungumngane oqotho uthembekile, ohlale ulwela iqiniso.
• Ukuba kumeluleki nomngani ngo-Okthoba.

liculo

Ingoma lenhlangano iphayona ngasebenza njengombonisi eMnyangweni "Mashi we Young Pioneers." Le ngoma Soviet yabhalwa ngqo Pioneers ngo-1922. mashi abalobi kukhona imbongi Alexander Zharov, edlala nopiyano Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin. Ezinye imigqa ingoma ujwayelene ngisho nakulabo akazange Pioneers. Ngokwesibonelo, "Soar omlilo, blue ebusuku. Singabantu amaphayona - Abantwana abasebenzi "!

Ngo-May 1922, ngemva kokuzikhandla inkulumo Krupskaya emhlanganweni weKomidi Central, wanikezwa umsebenzi Zharov: beveza ingoma amasonto amabili, okungase babe liculo yenhlangano izingane omusha. Zharov wafuna iseluleko D. Furmanov, ngubani wameluleka ukwakha kunoma iyiphi Ukwakheka ekhona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo in the "Grand Theatre" kwaba opera "Faust". On the play Zharov wezwa "Mashi lamasosha," owaba ngesisekelo imibhalo wamavukelambuso.

kufanekisa

Njenganoma yimuphi inhlangano yamaSoviet tiphindze unikezwa izimfanelo zabo. Izimpawu Pioneer Inhlangano zacelwa ukuba bafanelwe inhlonipho, kanye labo kuba. Lena yayihlanganisa:

• Pioneer uthayi - komculo iphayona kwesibhengezo bekuyingxenye esiyisibopho fomu. Three ekupheleni esiqokiwe tie ukuhlobana okukhulu 3 izizukulwane, t. E. AmaKhomanisi ke amalungu Komsomol, bese Pioneers. Ukuze tie isihloko uphiko oluyisipesheli. Abameleli squad ku uthayi obomvu kwaba yellow inhlamba. Ngaphambi kwempi ngokuvamile kuyaphela uthayi kuvikelwe isiqeshana okhethekile. Wabulawa ngesimo umlilo, izingodo ezinhlanu elisho amazwekazi ezinhlanu futhi ezintathu ulimi flame - Okwesithathu International. Isiqeshana ukunyamalala ukuthi ngenxa luhlangotsi, kwekucala, kokuphela Comintern, futhi okwesibili, iqiniso lokuthi omunye zezinhloko iKomiti Central ikhombe ke ukufana izimpawu amaNazi.
• Isithonjana - kwaba futhi uphawu ebalulekile izinhlangano ukuphayona ngo esikoleni. Ubukhulu nokuma icon ichazwe ku malungiselelo akhethekile ku izinhlangano zezingane. Emlandweni lesikhungo, bashintsha izikhathi eziningana.
• Pioneer banner - kwaba ngendwangu ebomvu umfanekiso Pioneer ibheji kanye isiqubulo. Izibhengezo akuzona eziqhelelene kuphela iphayona, kodwa futhi amakilasi esikoleni.
• Inkampani isikhulu ifulege - samuntu nodumo nasebunyeni izingane, simane ukhombise sokusebenzisana ithimba ezinye iphayona. Nale banner izingane ukungena umbukiso, uhlelo, izimali, izinkambo, Kuzonyuka ngisho zabasebenzi. Nes Indwangu ifulege ezalandela kumeluleki phambili wesigubhu futhi bugler.
• Uphondo - ngaphandle lokhu akunakwenzeka, bathi yonke le ukuphila ukuphayona. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziswa ukunikezela ezihlukahlukene amasignali. Isikhundla bugler wahlonitshwa kakhulu, sasabela guys ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi kungase kutholakale. Wahamba ngokushesha ngemuva ifulege.
• I-drum - amaphayona yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu lithulusi lemculo. Ingabe kwakudingeka ngesikhathi imiboniso, amamashi kanye yamathanga. Drummer wahlabelela udubule mashi, futhi wasiza ukuze bafeze amasu sokuprakthiza main.

Imiklomelo Pioneer Inhlangano

Amaphayona ungase ufanelekele ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo:

• "Million Homeland" - unikelwa enchubo yemsebenti kulelo ukuqoqwa Scrap Metal.
• "Pathfinder Young" - ekhishwe labo ababekwazi uzulazule sezwe.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, babebaningi ezahlukene umklomelo izindondo amabheji ngokuwina izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene yezemidlalo.

Amaphayona zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngokuvamile wathola imihlobiso ezivamile futhi imiklomelo bonke abantu baseSoviet, isibonelo, Order of the Red Banner. Ngeshwa, lwalusetshenziswa ngezikhathi zempi eziningi zalezi zindondo kwanikezelwa kwakhe ezinganeni.