Labantu Pakistan sika. Labantu Pakistan

UMbuso izungezwe Pakistan, Iran, India, Afghanistan akhelene-Indian Ocean. Isimo sezulu lapha yezwekazi ezishisayo (nge kwathatha nakwezifudumele enyakatho-ntshonalanga). Empeleni, e-Pakistan zonyaka ezintathu ukuthi ngendlela emangalisayo nomunye: ebusika (Okthoba-Mashi), elishisayo ezomile (April-June) kanye autumn yemvula (July-September). Kodwa naphezu kwesimo sezulu ngezinye izikhathi ezingalindelekile, izivakashi eziningi zithanda ukuya Pakistan.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Le ndawo yake sombuso ngempucuko yasendulo namasiko yaqhubeka isikhathi eside abaMhlophe imfihlakalo.

Namuhla, esemdala, esanelisiwe ukunambitheka zaseMpumalanga edolobheni, efana Sindh, Thatta, Rohri, Karachi, yebo, Hyderabad, ivulekele izivakashi kodwa akukho ngaphansi ezikhangayo futhi engaqondakali. Architecture kuthinta ingxube ezimangalisayo ngezitayela nama-epoch, izikhumbuzo zomlando futhi edume amathempelana Islamic atholakala abayenzayo. E Lahore - edolobheni ezinabantu abaningi isimo (labantu jikelele Pakistan impela high) - izivakashi ulindele asempumalanga wangempela, lapho kudingeka ukuba behlise kwasekuqaleni, ngakho njengoba ungabacasuli umdayisi, ngoba isiko, futhi okwesibili ngoba amanani overstated ngamabomu izikhathi eziningana.

Pakistan kungabazuzisa kakhulu yizivakashi ezibuka amazwe, kodwa lesi sihloko singathanda ukuba ngihlale inhliziyo yiliphi izwe - abantu bayo.

isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke

Ngaphambi kokuya kwelinye izwe, qiniseka uzijwayeze amasiko kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha bendawo, kungenjalo ukugwema izimo ngingafaneleki futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubuhlungu ngempela. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana uthi lapho inkolo esemthethweni saziwa Islam: sengqondo Muslim ngakho sihluke kakhulu yobuKristu, ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa ukucwiliswa in isiko Pakistan kungaba yingozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi zendawo - kuyinto uqobo kunoma yiliphi izwe, akaqondi kubo noma zama ukuba unake - konke okufanayo, ukuthi akazange eqele ngalé embundwini endlini yakhe.

emininingwaneni yabantu Key

Counter labantu Pakistani ngoNovemba 2011 wabonisa - abantu 177 kwezigidi ezingu 781 ayizinkulungwane, isimo ingenye eziyishumi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke emhlabeni. Nge indawo 796.096 km² (plus athatha izwe labakwa-Indian of Kashmir naseNorthern Land - 13,000 amakhilomitha square futhi 72.500 amakhilomitha square) kuyinto isibalo sabantu okwenza Pakistan kubuye omunye elinabantu abaningi kakhulu amazwe emhlabeni.

Njengamanje, nezibalo zabantu Pakistan has isilinganiso sokukhula ngesilinganiso sabantu (ngokuvumelana ngalezi zinkomba, Pakistan zibalwa 75th phakathi nezwe - 1.573%). Ngokwesilinganiso, omunye omdala izinsana besifazane kufanele 3.17 (indawo 55th simo lamazwe emhlabeni). 1000 abakhileyo Pakistan kufanele 24,81 ukubeletha (63 indawo) kanye 6,92 sabafileyo (indawo 138th). Ngakho esondela ukuba amazwe aseYurophu nethemba yokuqothulwa ngenxa aphansi okuzala ngesilinganiso kule eMpumalanga Ephakathi emashumini eminyaka ezayo, asihlobene ngokuphelele.

Ubulili nobudala isakhiwo somphakathi

Labantu Pakistan impela high, e kwalokho, iningi lawo kungabazalwane abasebasha. Iqembu izakhamizi engu-15 kuya 64 zaba 60,4%, inani lesibili lezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-15 (35.4%), eyesithathu esigabeni kencanikhulu - engaphezu kwengu-65 (4.2%).

abesifazane 1000 ePakistan ebangela amadoda 1070. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho izibalo, emantombazaneni asanda kuzalwa ezizalwa abafana 1,000 e 1050, eneminyaka engu-15 - 1060, esigabeni iminyaka 15-64 - 1090, kodwa sekuphele iminyaka engu-65, abesifazane 1000 namanje amadoda 920 kuphela. Ngakho, inani lokuhlongakala hlangana abesifazane abasha ingaphezu kwe amadoda, kodwa ubude bempilo besilisa zeminyaka 3 esingaphansi abesifazane, ngakho nezibalo iqembu asebekhulile ziyashintsha.

Iminyaka yokuphila kwabantu ngenxa abadabuka ePakistani mncane impela - 64,18 futhi 67,9 eminyakeni kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngokulandelana, okungenakuqhathaniswa, okuletha ukuthula Pakistan at 167 emhlabeni simo.

isakhiwo Umhlaba

Ethnic (futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikolo namalimi wemiphakathi) Pakistan imephu variegated kakhulu.

Isilinganiso wamaqembu ezizwe simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Punjabis 44,7%;
• Pashtuns 15.4%;
• -Sindhi 14.1%;
• saryaki 8.4%;
• muhajirs 7,6%;
• Beludzhi 3.6%;
• nezinye (Rajput, Brahui, Hindustanis) 6.3%.

Ulimi olusemthethweni Urdu, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku-ke coexists nge English (esifuze zamakoloni), esetshenziselwa ezingeni olusemthethweni: imfundo kanye sphere zokuphatha.

Ngokuhamba izifunda yobuhlanga ngesi-Punjabi (kukhulunywa ngoba 48% yesizwe sonkana), Pashto (8%), i-Sindhi (12%), baluchi futhi Brahui. Isithombe zenkolo akuyona ngaphansi ahlukahlukene: i Punjabis ePakistan lingamaSulumane, nakuba besizwe esisodwa eNdiya ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe amaHindu amaSikh.

labantu Pakistan sika libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphansi lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala. Leli zinga phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engama 15, kwahanjiswa ezingeni safinyelela (49.9%), kodwa esivamile emazweni okwande Islamic, bayakwazi ukufunda nokubhala amadoda okuningi (63%) kunabesifazane (36%). Nakuba has lezi zibalo ngokuziqhathanisa idatha ezifanayo oneminyaka engu-50 ubudala show ukuthambekela okuqhubekayo emkhakheni lemfundvo yesive. Kodwa isimo namanje babempofu kakhulu futhi ezingeni kwezindleko kahulumeni kwezemfundo (2.9% we-GDP) Pakistan kusayithi 153.

ukudluliselwa labantu

Indawo okwakukhona kuyo Pakistan kangangokuthi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla ngabanye namaqembu ezinhlanga, izizwe nezizwana njalo lihambe insimu yalo. Ngakho, cishe 4 ayizinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule e-enyakatho-ntshonalanga ukuze ezwekazini laseNdiya weza izindimbane Aryans, abezindaba ngaphezulu kakhulu athuthukile senhlalo namasiko, inkolo kanye nolimi, okuyinto yayinqoba bendawo. Futhi kwaba seminyakeni eyizinkulungwane kamuva luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa ukuhambisa amaSulumane, abathi ukubusa Islam kuyo yonke emazweni ayenqotshiwe.

Ukuze zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili libhekene isithombe esehlukile: labantu Pakistan sika ivame ukuba ziphume ziphele kuleli zwe beyofuna ukuphila okungcono. Level 2.7 ababaleki wangaphandle 1000 ixazululwe labantu - ngempela elethusayo (167 endaweni phakathi wonke amazwe emhlabeni).

Isici womhlaba wonke akusho anqikaze ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni kanye labantu Pakistan: ngo-2010 inani labantu basemadolobheni kwaba 36% abantu sebebonke, kanye izinga kufuduka yangaphakathi safinyelela kuma-3.1% futhi liyaqhubeka likhula. Ukuze amathuba emisebenzi ezisemadolobheni, imfundo kanye ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo lingaphezulu kakhulu kunalokho for ezolimo, lwenza emadolobheni amakhulu, hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi ezindaweni eziseduze okulinywayo kuyo, kodwa futhi ababaleki Muhajirs kusukela Indian umngcele izindawo. Ngesikhathi ababaleki 1951 zaba 40% sabantu ezisemadolobheni, kodwa uhulumeni ka Pakistan ongakabi bakwazi ukuzixazulula ngempumelelo inkinga.

isakhiwo yokuqondisa

Igama elisemthethweni isimo - Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Zohulumeni - elixutshwe Hlukanisa amandla umongameli undunankulu.

division Wendawo kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi: 4 izifundazwe, 2 (wedolobha nezezizwe) indawo federal, ngaphezu futhi 2-iqondiswa Kashmir, okuyinto lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo basonta kuleli zwe Pakistan. Isifundazwe ihlukaniswe 131 wesifunda. Federally Administered Tribal Areas - 7 amahhovisi kanye 6 Umngcele izifunda.

idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ngokuya labantu Pakistan sika

Endaweni yokuqala - Karachi (labantu abantu 13,125,000), kuze 1959 yayiyinhloko-dolobha ye-republic, futhi manje uphakathi nendawo esifundazweni Sindh. Iningi okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile - amaNdiya, ulimi ukugijima kakhulu - Urdu, kodwa ukusebenzisa ingxenye enkulu kunababaleki futhi Gujaratis. Karachi iyikhaya imiphakathi abahlukene ngaphezulu Sindhis, Punjabis, Pashtuns, Baluchis.

indawo Okwesibili ngemva Karachi Lahore oluthatha emaphakathi Punjab edolobheni (labantu abantu abayizigidi 7.132). Lihlanzekile leli dolobha futhi idume University omdala Punjab, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo 1882, futhi kwesokudla has isimo enhlokodolobha bokusungula.

Endaweni yesithathu Faisalabad (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Layalpur) elinabantu abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,849. Kusukela ezikhathini koloni ukuba namuhla luhlala esibaluleke kunazo wezolimo ukuhweba isikhungo wezwe.

indawo Okwesine - Rawalpindi, futhi idolobha elinabantu abaningi, elingelakwaJuda isimo Pakistan, inani labantu abantu 2026000.

Idolobha elikhulu kunawo ePakistan - kungcono futhi Hyderabad, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Gujranwala. Islamabad manje - idolobha elincane elinabantu abantu 832000 (10 endaweni emva konke okungenhla).

Udaba zenkolo

Phakathi izakhamuzi Pakistan amaSulumane 95%, okungcono Sunni, accounting Shia siwela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisihlanu. labantu Pashtun of ePakistan, kanye namanye amaqembu abantu bendabuko abaningi kuleli zwe, eshumayela Islam. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona phezu Ahmadi, elimalungu alo bazibiza abalandeli ozinikele Islam, kodwa ezingeni olusemthethweni amanye amaSulumane abenqaba ukuqaphela alinganayo yabo futhi basonta elisezingeni ihlelo lenkolo.

Labo abasele abanga-5% lihlukaniswe phakathi kwamaKristu futhi wamaHindu.

Izindlela zokuxhumana, ezokuthutha

Ngo Pakistan, ukuze isetshenziswe ngumphakathi, ukuthuthwa ethandwa kakhulu iyona ibhasi. Futhi kuze kube namuhla ngokuhamba a Urisho, kodwa iningi lazo ziye kwi ngaphezulu izindlela ezithuthukile yezokuthutha, zikhona amatekisi evamile nge amamitha. Phela, lo imitha Urisho, ngokuvamile hhayi, futhi uyavuma intengo ikhambo kuyadingeka ngaphambi uhambo. City amabhasi ukuthi umdala futhi njalo eziminyene, amathikithi ukuthengisa ngisho endaweni esisogwini ophahleni (intengo ubulungiswa kuyehla 2-emhlanjini). E Karachi, usebenza ngaphansi komhlaba. Kukhona futhi services eziqashisayo, kodwa emadolobheni amakhulu, okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, kodwa ukuthatha imoto ePakistan akuphephile kakhulu, njengoba i-traffic imigwaqo cishe njalo nokuguqulwa.

Ezimakethe zase-Pakistani

Ngaphandle bendabuko asempumalanga Oriental ePakistan avulekele kanye uzobajayela European iso ezitolo, bona wonke umsebenzi ngesikhathi esimisiwe nge break omkhulu ntambama, wavala usuku lonke ngoLwesihlanu nangoMgqibelo. Akekho usebenza izinsuku emikhosini yenkolo, konke labantu Pakistan sika eqashwe kulesi sikhathi aphumule futhi akhulekele uJehova.

Njalo izivakashi, ubukhulu umthamo wayo wezimali, kufanele alethwe kusuka Pakistan, umsebenzi wangempela wendawo ukhaphethi, imigexo, usilika noma cashmere isikhafu noma isibani usawoti, okuyinto lihlanza umoya zasendlini.

cuisine bendabuko

cuisine Pakistani wehlukile kakhulu, futhi umuntu alisho yena ngenxa yezinkolelo zenkolo, inikeza ezihlukahlukene izitsha yasekuqaleni ezingenziwanga zitholakala kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko Middle Eastern Cuisine - irayisi, imifino, inhlanzi, inyama - iwundlu inkukhu. Lwentando cuisine kazwelonke e-Pakistan yizona izinongo: abeka eziningi, futhi ngokucophelela ukukhetha bamphathele namakha ukudla ngakunye. Iningi ukugijima isiphuzo - itiye eqinile inala spice kwalokho, ngoba utshwala akuvunyelwe nhlobo amaSulumane ozinikele.