Isisekelo bokuphila emizweni nemibono

Njengoba yaziwa, ukugcwaliseka ezingaba siqu wenziwa phakathi nokuphila. Yena, kungenzeka ngenxa Ulwazi lomuntu ezungezile. Ukunikeza nokuxhumana yomuntu nezwe ngaphandle ke kubangelwa property ngabanye izilungiselelo kanye motifs. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, noma yisiphi mkhuba engqondo kuveza ngokoqobo futhi uhlelo isixhumanisi wesi. I element ngokuchaza ekusebenzeni izenzo yokugcina umuzwa. чувств, в свою очередь, связаны с мышлением и логическим познанием. Umqondo, ngesisekelo bokuphila mizwa ibe, abahlangene ukucabanga okunengqondo kanye nolwazi. A indima ebalulekile udlalwa ngu lamagama ulimi iyonke, okuyinto nokuqalisa imisebenzi generalized.

lobudlelwano

isisekelo bokuphila ukuzwa, ngamafuphi, kukhona isisekelo okwakhelwe kuso okuhlangenwe nakho izinkanuko lomuntu. Its izethulo isitoreji idatha kubangele ukucabanga okunengqondo. , выступает в качестве связующего звена между человеком и окружающим миром. Konke ngesisekelo bokuphila imizwa, uba isixhumanisi phakathi komuntu emhlabeni. Imizwa uvumele ukuhlola izwe. ). Cabangela eminye, njengoba ebonakala ngu ngesisekelo bokuphila ukuzwa Psychology (kafushane).

inhlangano sezinzwa

Limelela ezingeni nozwela izinhlelo ezithile, kungenzeka hlanganisa them. izakhiwo Ukudideka ngokuthi izinzwa. . Ikhonza njengabameleli ngesisekelo bokuphila ukuzwa kanye nombono. isakhiwo Ukudideka kungenziwa ngokuthi abamukelayo. Sensations sondela them jikisa bezibona. Noma yimuphi umamukeli has a ukuzwela ezithile. Uma siphendukela abameleli nezilwane, singasho ukuthi banayo ngesisekelo bokuphila emizweni kuyinto umsebenzi uhlobo oluthile izinzwa. Lokhu, ukhonza njengomPristi isici ejwayelekile kwezilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, amalulwane azwela lemfishane pulses ultrasonic, izinja babe iphunga oncomekayo. человека, то следует сказать, что сенсорная система существует с первых дней жизни. Uma ezithinta ngesisekelo bokuphila ukuzwa abantu kanye nombono, kufanele kusho ukuthi uhlelo inzwa belilokhu likhona kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila. Nokho, ukukhula kwawo kuzoncika imizamo nezifiso ngabanye.

Umcabango umqondo: ngesisekelo bokuphila nomqondo (kafushane)

Ngaphambi kokucabangela mshini ukusebenza izakhi kohlelo inzwa, kufanele luchaze amagama. Ukuzizwa ngokuthi ibonakalisa jikelele izakhiwo begazi - ukuzwela. Kuyinto esivela ndaba eziphilayo. emizweni ngokusebenzisa umuntu baxhumana ezweni elingaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. Ngenxa kubo mayelana zamanje izenzakalo ulwazi ebuchosheni. позволяет получать различные сведения предметах. Konke ngesisekelo bokuphila emizweni, ukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene ulwazi izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, abo ukunambitheka, umbala, nephunga, ukunyakaza, umsindo. Izinzwa idluliselwa ku ubuchopho, futhi ulwazi isimo izitho zangaphakathi. Kukhona umuzwa we kwakheka iphethini bezibona. позволяет осуществлять первичную обработку данных. I bokuphila isisekelo ukuzwa inqubo evumela ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko. Nazo ngokufanayo, ukukhonza njengesisekelo imisebenzi ebudisi, isibonelo, izinqubo ezinjengokuthi, inkumbulo, bezibona, kanye nokumela.

i-information processing

It lucwaningo ubuchopho. Umphumela Data - impendulo noma okukhipha isu. It kungenziwa iqondiswe, isibonelo, ukwandisa lokuhlushwa tonicity emikhulu ukusebenza wamanje, yashesha ukubeka inkinobho enqubeni yokufunda. Isibalo ongakhetha atholakalayo, futhi ukukhethwa izinga yokusabela ethile kuxhomeke ezicini ezihlukahlukene. Ukubaluleka, ngokukhethekile, ngeke abe nezici ngazinye amasu ngazinye ukuxhumana nabanye, ezingeni yenhlangano kanye nokuthuthukiswa ephakeme nemisebenzi kwenzwa nokunye.

analyzers

формируется за счет функционирования особых нервных аппаратов. kwakheka isisekelo bokuphila emizweni is amadivayisi ezikhethekile emsipheni ukusebenza. Bahlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu. I analyzer zihlukaniswa:

1. Yokwamukela. Kusebenza njengomnyombo iyunithi abathola. Yokwamukela kuguqula i amandla kwangaphandle ku ukusebenza kwemizwa.
2. Central Division. Yena imelelwa afferent noma izinzwa sezinzwa.
3. izindawo Cortical. Kulezi ezinzwa amaza okwenziwa.

receptor Specific zivumelana ezindaweni ezithile zezigaba cortical. Ngamunye isitho umqondo lunye lalo. It akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni oluthile yokwamukela isakhiwo. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo lo izinzwa ezikhethekile, okuhlanganiswayo emahhovisi emaphakathi. Zithola amasignali edabula izinzwa neuropathy. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi analyzer - hhayi umamukeli lesilinganiselwa emizweni. It has ikhono kabusha ngaphansi kwethonya ezishukumisa reflex.

Imininingwane impahla

позволяют описать данные, поступающие через сенсоры. Bokuphila emizweni izisekelo asivumela ukuchaza idatha uyeza ngokusebenzisa izinzwa. Noma yiluphi ulwazi kungenziwa libhekene impahla yayo esingokwemvelo. Ukhiye phakathi kwabo kukhona isikhathi, ngegalelo, kwasendaweni kwendawo, izinga. Ngokwesibonelo, lo somabhizinisi limelela isici eqondile emizweni ethize lapho futhi uhluke kwabanye. Quality kuyahlukahluka ngaphakathi modality ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-ezibukwayo spectrum ukukhululwa izakhiwo ezifana ukukhanya, imibala, ukugcwaliswa. emizweni tintfo nezimfanelo ezifana kokuwa, ikolitayi ivolumu. Lapho ingqondo ithola imininingwane ethintekayo kulamakhasi ubulukhuni, maholoholo into, nokunye.

umehluko izici

Yini zingaba isisekelo bokuphila emizweni? может проводиться по разным признакам. Sensations ngezigaba kungaba kwenziwe ngezizathu ezahlukene. Indlela elula kubhekwa kwamangqamuzana umfutho modality. . Ngakho, ngesisekelo bokuphila emizweni bungabonakala ngesisekelo salokhu. Modality - isici izinga. It ibonisa ngokucacile of emizweni njengoba amasignali elula kwengqondo. Ukwehlukanisa wenziwa kuye indawo la mangqamuzana. Kulesi sisekelo kunamaqembu amathathu emizweni. Eyokuqala yilezo okuhlotshaniswa ebusweni receptor: isikhumba, olfactory, gustatory, sokuzwa, ezibukwayo. Sensations eziphakamayo kubo, ngokuthi eksteroretseptivnymi. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa alabo ababehlanganyela izinzwa ngokufanele esikhathini izitho zangaphakathi. Lezi emizweni ngokuthi interoretseptivnye. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa alabo ababehlanganyela receptor elise imisipha, imisipha kanye nemisipha. Lokhu motor kanye umqondo static - proprioceptive. Ukwehlukanisa nalo owenziwa modality inzwa. Kulesi sisekelo angawodwa contact umuzwa (ukunambitheka, ethintekayo) nokude (sokuzwa, ezibukwayo).

izinhlobo

– комплексные элементы единой сенсорной системы. isisekelo bokuphila imizwa - izakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi inzwa uhlelo olulodwa. Lezi amayunithi ukuvumela ukuba aqaphele izakhiwo ezahlukene into eyodwa ngesikhathi. реагируют на определенные раздражители. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesisekelo bokuphila emizweni basabela ezishukumisa ezithile. Kukhona-ejenti yokwamukela ngamunye. Ngakho, eziceze kangako zezintaka emizweni, njengoba:

1. Ukubeka amabala. Bona kwenzeke ngaphansi kwethonya imisebe yokukhanya kuyi-retina.
2. Ukuzwa. Lezi imizwa engabangela inkulumo, umculo noma umsindo amagagasi.
3. Vibration. kuphakama Lezi emizweni ngenxa amandla wokuthwebula oscillations medium. Lokhu ukuzwela ayiqondakali ithuthukiswe abantu.
4. Olfactory. Bavumela ukuba sithathe iphunga.
5. Okuthintekayo.
6. Skin.
7. Ukunambitheka.
8. Ubuhlungu.
9. Lokushisa.

ubuhlungu Ikakhulukazi eqinile ngokomzwelo. Bangakwazi akubonile nakuzwile kwabanye. ukuzwela Thermal kuyahlukahluka ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu angase avele psevdooschuscheniya. Basuke ivezwa ngendlela ukubona imibono engekho avele engekho umfutho.

emehlweni

Njengoba idivayisi abathola uba emehlweni. Lesi sitho umqondo has a isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi. Amagagasi ukukhanya kubonakala kusukela nto refracted lapho edabula lens, futhi zigxile retina. Iso ubhekwa receptor elikude, ngoba kunikeza umbono we yizindaba kude kumuntu. Sokuzindla isikhala olunikezwa ukubhanqa we analyzer, ushitshe ubungako bezithombe kuyi-retina lapho kusondela / ukususwa kuya / kusuka isihloko, ikhono kolwazi kanye ukutshalwa iso. I-retina iqukethe amashumi amaningana ezinkulungwane kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. Ngaphansi kwethonya amaza okukhanya bona acasuke. Kwalapho zihlukaniswa umsebenzi futhi ifomu.

ukuzwa

eziyimpumelelo Ukudideka ezivumela ukuba ngiziqonde umsindo zitholakala ezingaphakathi endlebeni, le cochlea we ulwelwesi nezinwele. umzimba yangaphandle eqoqa iyehla iyenyuka. Maphakathi nendlebe mababuye le cochlea. Ezizwelayo Ukuvalwa yokugcina acasuke ngenxa resonance - ezahlukene ukujiya kanye nobude nezinzwa asethwe kunyakaza uma ufaka inombolo ethile oscillations ngomzuzwana. Isignali ye-wathola ithunyelwa ubuchopho. Sound ine Izakhiwo ezilandelayo: amandla, ngamazwi, ukuphakama, ubude iphethini temporitmicheskim. Ngokuthi ukuzwa lwemisindvo, okuvumela ukuba yehlukaniswe. It kuncike imvelo futhi kwakhiwa phezu esaphila is. Ngolwazi ezinhle izilimi zakwamanye amazwe kuveza esimisweni esisha ukuzwa kwemisindvo. Kuthinta izinhlamvu kufundza nekubhala. Ngokufanayo, inkulumo eba indlebe umculo. Inani eliphansi komuntu babe imisindo nemisindo, uma ungagxambukeli imisebenzi yayo. Zingadala imizwa futhi ezimnandi. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abaningi linjengenhlokomo kwemvula, rustle amahlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi imisindo kungase kubonise futhi ingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, shweza gas.

pallesthesia

Kuthathwa uhlobo emizweni sokuzwa. Vibration ukuzwela ibonisa ekushintshashintsheni imvelo. Ngokomfanekiso ibizwa ngokuthi contact ukuzwa. Kubantu, azikho vibration receptor ekhethekile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi leli ukuzwela - omdala emhlabeni. Kulokhu oscillations ibonisa imvelo bangaphandle zangaphakathi ningakwazi nonke izicubu emzimbeni. Vibration ukuzwela ekuphileni kwebantfu kukhonjelwe ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa. inzuzo yayo mkhulu kulezo zindawo lapho oscillations njengesithiyo isignali noma ingozi iphutha. Abantu abayizithulu-yimpumputhe yisithulu abe ngaphezulu vibration ukuzwela. Ihlawula ukuntuleka onemizwa.

iphunga

Libhekisela umuzwa ezikude. Njengoba ezishukumisa okubangela ukuzwela olfactory, izakhi aphume ashone izinto engena phakathi ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. Bona chaza ketshezi futhi kuthinte yokwamukela. Ubuningi nephunga isilwane umqondo oyinhloko. Aqondiswa nephunga lapho zifuna ukudla noma yokubalekela ingozi. Ngomqondo ongokwemvelo yokuhogela ungahlobene ne ukuma phansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona ukuzwa futhi umbono. On ukuntengantenga nokuthuthukiswa obanele of ukuzwela olfactory, futhi ubonisa ukungabi khona silulumagama amazwi okubonisa ngokunembile ukuzwa futhi ayihlobene ne into uqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ithi "iphunga lily we esigodini." Inzwa yokuhogela lihlotshaniswa ukunambitheka. Lokho kwenza ukuqashelwa izinga ukudla. Kwezinye izimo, lokuhogela ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinto by Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali.

ukunambitheka

Ubiza emizweni contact. Nambithani ukuzwela kubangelwa ukucasuka ka-receptor esisogwini ulimi, ngendaba. Bavumela wena ukucacisa ezimuncu, ezinosawoti, ezinoshukela, ukudla ezibabayo. Inhlanganisela yalawo izici kudala iqoqo ukunambitheka emizweni. ukucutshungulwa kokuqala Kwenziwa ku papilla. Ngamunye wabo has a yokwamukela amaseli 50-150. Ngokushesha uzokhathala uma nabo ukudla, kodwa abe sici yokutakula. amasignali Inzwa ithunyelwa e uqweqwe enongiwe ngokusebenzisa obungemuva futhi thalamus. Njengoba olfactory, lezi emizweni ukwandisa esesuthi. Receptor, ekuhloleni izinga ukudla, ukukhonza umsebenzi zokuzivikela, okuyinto edingekayo ukuze umuntu asinde.

lesikhumba

Kuthi esizimele izakhiwo sezinzwa:

1. Okuthintekayo.
2. Ubuhlungu.
3. Lokushisa.

Skin ukuzwela libhekisela eqenjini contact emizweni. Inombolo enkulu amaseli sezinzwa esisogwini izintende, izindebe futhi kalula. Transmission of ulwazi kusukela receptor wenziwa ukuba emgogodleni ngenxa bekanye Izinzwa. Liqinisekisa ukuqaliswa izenzo reflex. Ngokwesibonelo, indoda ukudansela isiginci sakhe isandla sakhe ese-hot. ukuzwela Thermal kuqinisekisa ukulawulwa ukushisa exchange phakathi imvelo ngaphandle futhi umzimba. Kuthiwa ukusatshalaliswa izinzwa amakhaza nokushisa ka Ukuboshelwa. Okuningi ebucayi ukuze ongaphakeme lokushisa spin kancane - webele. ukuzwa Buhlungu kwenzeka ngenxa nengcindezi enamandla phezu komzimba. I eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa zitholakala ezijulile receptor ethintekayo. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, ungakwazi ukwakha umqondo mayelana nekhwalithi into.

ukuzwela lapho bafundzi basebentisa kunyakata

Kuhlanganisa lokujabulela ezinyakazayo futhi static ngabanye izakhi zomzimba. Receptor zitholakala kule imisipha kanye nemisipha. I ukucasuka kubangelwa esisuka nokuncipha imisipha. Abaningi motor izinzwa esisogwini izindebe, ulimi, iminwe. Lokhu kungenxa isidingo bophezela la izingxenye zomzimba ukunyakaza mncane futhi enembile. Umsebenzi analyzer inikeza control kanye nokudidiyela ukunyakaza. Ukwakhiwa yokukhuluma emizimbeni kwenzeka esewusana futhi zasenkulisa iminyaka.

ukuzwela vestibular

emizweni Static noma okudonsa ukuvumela umuntu ukuqonda isimo sabo ngo isikhala. I-receptor elihambisana zitholakala apharathasi vestibular ezingaphakathi endlebeni. Iziteshi sacs futhi wenziwa ukuguquka amasignali ukunyakaza isihlobo namandla adonsela phansi bese ngidlula nabo cerebellum, futhi ingxenye cortex esifundeni yesikhashana. Ukushintsha ngokungazelelwe futhi kaningi isikhundla umzimba isihlobo ukuba komhlaba kungaholela nesiyezi.

isiphetho

Ngesisekelo bokuphila ukuzwa Psychology kuyinto kwemiphumela ethile eyisiSekelo ukubaluleka esisebenzayo. ucwaningo lakhe ukucacisa Ukungena amasignali zangaphandle ukusabalalisa receptor yabo, ukuze kulandelelwe inkambo eyinhloko i-information processing. I bokuphila ngesisekelo ukuzwa Psychology - isihluthulelo sokuqonda izakhiwo ohlelweni womuntu sezinzwa. Uhlaziyo lembula isizathu kwemiphumela ethile eyisiSekelo ukuzwela ngeziphambeko hlolisisa amandla obuchwepheshe ezishukumisa ahlukahlukene ku-receptor. Ulwazi okuholela isetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene wesayensi nezezimboni. Iqhaza ekhethekile ngemiphumela yocwaningo kukhona kwezokwelapha. Ukutadisha izakhiwo receptor nokushukunyiswa ikuvumela ukudala mithi emisha, inani amasu ukwelashwa ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana izifo engqondo kanye nezinye.