Kufuduka Yangaphakathi

Ngokusho incazelo, ukufuduka yangaphakathi - a yokufuduka imiphakathi ngaphakathi ezweni kusukela esifundeni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubangelwa ukugeleza yezizathu zezomnotho nezenhlalo. kuthuthwa Yangaphakathi kuphambene sangaphandle, ngesikhathi izakhamuzi ashiye izwe lakubo futhi axazulule phesheya.

Amathrendi Jikelele

KwamaDorobha - esiyinhloko kufuduka yangaphakathi emhlabeni. Ubukhulu ngemiphumela ukukhula zasemadolobheni mkhulu kangangokuthi abanye abacwaningi zithi lo mjikelezo kuphela ngokuthi "kufuduka elikhulu lezizwe kwekhulu XX". Befuna okugcono bakule ndawo ngokushesha Zisuka emakhaya. Le nqubo sisebenza Russia. On Amathrendi yayo kuzoxoxwa ngezansi. Emazweni amaningi, e ikwenze kuhambe ngendlela yabo sima-80%. Okungukuthi, ezine kuzo izakhamuzi ezinhlanu eJalimane noma e-United States ezihlala emadolobheni.

Emazweni lapho abantu bakuleli kancane kwabantu ezahlukene noma engalingani, ukufuduka yangaphakathi kuthatha ifomu izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala. Umlando wesintu uyazi eziningi izibonelo ezinjalo. ECanada, USA, Brazil naseChina, abantu ekuqaleni abangu bagxila ezindaweni empumalanga. Lapho izinsiza lezo zindawo bagijima, abantu ngokwemvelo waya ukuhlola izifundazwe entshonalanga.

Umlando kufuduka yangaphakathi eRussia

Ngo kwenkathi ngayinye zomlando, ukufuduka yangaphakathi eRussia has izici zayo siqu ethize, kuyilapho njalo esele inqubo esitebeleni. Emakhulwini eminyaka IX-XII. LwamaSlav ixazululwe somfula iVolga engenhla. Ukumikiswa ibibhekiswe nasenyakatho ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Kwaze kwaba sengxenyeni kwekhulu XIX yesibili, it libhekene ngezinga elincane, njengoba sebehlushwa serfdom emaphandleni.

Ukwenziwa kwamakoloni singafaneleki enyakatho baseYurophu abathuthela kule ndawo Urals, lapho kuthuthwa zamukela le "Metallurgical" uhlamvu. Be Lower iVolga Russian bathuthela le eningizimu, kuyi-Nguqulo eRussia kanye eCaucasus. Ukubolekisa ngezindodla ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho eSiberia waqala kuphela maphakathi nekhulu XIX. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwaba indlela eyinhloko empumalanga. Encwadini umnotho kuhlelwe, abantu babethunyelwa ezindaweni ezikude lapho kwadingeka ukwakha umuzi omusha noma umgwaqo. Ngo-1930-yalolucwaningo. Stalin waqala kwezimboni ophoqelelwe. Kanye collectivization kwalesi sigodi wazibandezela izigidi izakhamuzi eziningi zaseSoviet. Futhi, ukufuduka yangaphakathi kwabangelwa kokuxoshwa ngempoqo wonke abantu (AmaJalimane, Chechens, ingush, nokunye. D.).

yesimanjemanje

ERussia yesimanje, ukufuduka yangaphakathi livela Amathrendi eziningana. Endaweni yokuqala ubonakala division of the labantu ku nezindawo zasemaphandleni nezasemadolobheni. Lesi isilinganiso inquma degree yokuphila yasedolobheni yezwe. Namuhla, u-73% izakhamuzi Russian bahlala emadolobheni, kanye 27% - emizaneni. Ichaza ngayo kanye izibalo efanayo ezazisemizini Union ngesikhathi yokubalwa kwabantu okugcinile ngo-1989. Kulokhu, inani nemizana landa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-2000, kodwa ukuhlukanisa inani lezakhi izindawo zasemaphandleni, okuyizinto abantu okungenani 6000 ekhaya. Izibalo ezinjalo esidumazayo abonisa ukuthi ekupheleni 90s. Kwaholela ekubeni yangaphakathi kufuduka ingozi ukunyamalala engaphezu kwengu-20% lala madolobhana. Namuhla, la manani kwakhuthaza kakhudlwana.

ERussia, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ezigudle emadolobheni - amadolobha amancane emadolobheni. kakubhalwanga kunqunywa kanjani? Ngokusho nenqubo, kuyaqapheleka emzaneni ezisemadolobheni, uma isilinganiso sabantu wahlanganyela ezolimo, ingeqi 15%. Kukhona esinye isithiyo. Umuzi kumelwe babe abantu okungenani eziyinkulungwane 12. Uma kufuduka yangaphakathi kuholela ukwehla labantu kanye nokwehla izinombolo ezingaphansi kwaleli ibha, isimo zokuhlala kungashintshwa.

"Magnets" nedlelo

Labantu Russian is basakaza phezu insimu enkulu yezwe engalingani kakhulu. Okuningi kwako bagxila kule emaphakathi, iVolga futhi izifunda eNingizimu Federal (26%, 22% no-16% ngokulandelana). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abambalwa kakhulu abahlala eMpumalanga Ekude (% 4 kuphela). Kodwa noma yini kungenzeka angahluleli ngendlela eqondile izibalo, ukufuduka yangaphakathi - kuyinqubo eqhubekayo njalo. Kulo nyaka esisuka kuwona, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.7 nengxenye ukunyakaza zwe. Lena 1.2% wesibalo sabantu.

The main "uzibuthe" baphi Russian Federation, ukufuduka yangaphakathi eMoscow nemizana ayencike kuyo. Ukwanda nasemkhakheni Petersburg Leningrad esifundeni. izihloko ezimbili ezikhangayo njengoba izikhungo umsebenzi. Cishe zonke ezinye izifunda yezwe wazibonela kufuduka ukulahlekelwa (kokushiya out kuka kuziwa okufanayo).

Dynamics lesifunda

Esikhathini iVolga Federal District, kwekulu kufuduka inzuzo waphawula e Tatarstan, e-South - ku Krasnodar esifundeni. Esifundeni esise-Ural, izibalo omuhle kuyagcinwa kuphela Sverdlovsk esifundeni. Kukhona uya labantu eSiberia futhi Far Eastern ezifundeni, lapho emhlabeni lodumo kufuduka ukulahlekelwa. Le nqubo sekuqhubeke amashumi eminyaka.

kufuduka Yangaphakathi - kuyimbangela eyinhloko labantu ukwehla le laseSiberia Federal District, okuyinto in exchange nabanye izifunda e 2000-2008. Ngilahlekelwe abakhileyo ayizinkulungwane 244. Izinombolo asishiya singenakho ukungabaza. Ngokwesibonelo, kwelinye Altai esifundeni phakathi nenkathi efanayo, ukwehla zaba abantu abayizinkulungwane 64. Kanti ezindaweni ezimbili kuphela esifundeni ezahlukene elincane ukukhula ezifudukayo - ke saseTomsk naseNovosibirsk esifundeni.

Far East

nezinye Izakhamuzi eziningi eminyakeni yamuva ilahlekelwe Ekude. Isebenza futhi ukuthuthela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. abantu Kodwa ihamba kwezinye izifunda yezwe seyiholele ukulahlekelwa abantu abangu-187 000 kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Abantu abaningi nisukele Yakutia, Chukotka futhi Magadan esifundeni.

Izibalo zaseMpumalanga Ekude ngomqondo, kunengqondo. Le ndawo ekupheleni okuphambene yezwe kusukela enhlokodolobha. Izakhamuzi zalo eziningi bashiya yona eMoscow, ukuqaphela ngokwabo futhi bayakhohlwa ukwahlukanisa. Ngesikhathi ngihlala kwa-eMpumalanga Ekude, abantu nokuchitha imali enkulu uhambo ngezikhathi ezithile noma izindiza ENtshonalanga. Ngezinye izikhathi amathikithi nokubuya kungadla lonke iholo. Konke lokhu kuholela yokuthi yokwanda kanye ezikhulayo kufuduka yangaphakathi. Amazwe insimu enkulu njengoba umoya kudingeka ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha okungabizi. Ukudalwa kwawo kanye sesimanje ngesikhathi esifanele - nselelo enkulu Russia yesimanje.

Umthelela emnothweni kanye sezulu

Izinto eziyinhloko ukuthi ukucacisa uhlobo kufuduka yangaphakathi kukhona izinkinga zomnotho. kwavela ukuchema kuzo Russian ngenxa ezingeni engalingani ekuthuthukisweni kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba khona kwamangqamuzana izindawo ku ikhwalithi lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila. Ezindaweni akude futhi umngcele ziphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-dolobha, ngakho alithandeki emphakathini.

Ukuze indawo enkulu Russia futhi libhekene nesimo sezulu. Uma okunemibandela Belgium eyohlobo ekusebenzeni yayo ezishisayo, kunzima kakhulu esimweni WaseRussia. Okuningi efanelekayo abaphilayo sezulu ezikhangayo kudonsela abantu eningizimu kanye maphakathi nezwe. Amadolobha amaningi enyakatho esaphakama nenkathi yamaSoviet ngenxa oda lokuthumela uhlelo kanye eshaywayo izakhiwo ezahlukene. Emakethe khulula, abantu abazalwa kulezi zifunda bathambekele ngibashiye.

izici zomphakathi nakwezempi

Iqembu lesithathu yezici - kuba kwezenhlalo, okuyinto obonakaliswe izibopho zomlando kanye nomndeni. Ziyakwazi imbangela evamile t. N. "Kufuduka Isiyingi". Izakhamuzi ezindaweni empumalanga nasenyakatho, kusale eMoscow, ngokuvamile eze ekhaya, t. Ukuze. Bahlala umndeni, izihlobo nabangani.

Elinye iqembu izici - usongo lempi. ezimpini ukuphoqa abantu ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo ukuze axazulule ezindaweni eziphephile, kude igazi kwemizi. ERussia, lezi zici waba ukubaluleka okukhulu ngo-1990. Lapho Northern eCaucasus, futhi ikakhulukazi Chechnya iminyaka eminingi waqhubeka impi evuthayo.

amathemba

Kutfutfukiswa kufuduka yangaphakathi ekuvimbeleni okungajwayelekile amanani izindlu kanye nokuthuthukiswa ezibuthakathaka emakethe yezindlu ezindaweni. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga idinga ukusekelwa isimo futhi izimali inkinga ezindaweni, republic futhi izifundazwe. Izifunda kudingeka andise ingeniso sabantu abasebenzayo, umsebenzi omusha, ukhulisa ibhajethi izimali, ngokunciphisa isidingo sokusebenzisa isabelomali ngezimali.

Evumayo kuyoba nezinye izinyathelo. Ukuvuselelwa Kwama kufuduka yangaphakathi kunomthelela ukunciphisa umthelela ongemuhle umkhakha kwimvelo, kanye ngcono isimo yezibalo.