Lake Vostok e-Antarctica. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke echibini subglacial e-Antarctica

imibuthano lokuqala echibini alotshwa 1999. Ngesikhathi amaphethini normal akekho owayenginakile ukunakwa. Wenza hlobo luni lomphakathi, futhi lapho wavela khona na?

amaphethini Engaqondakali polar

Apreli 5, 2010 I-International Space Station kusuka ukuphakama 350 amakhilomitha kwenza izithombe kumnandi. Esikhathini izithombe libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi leli qhwa Lake Vostok e-Antarctica kuye ephrintiwe ezimbili uma Umbuthano ukuma cishe ephelele. Esikhathini izithombe, kubonakala encane. Kodwa ubukhulu ngamunye wabo - cishe ezine amakhilomitha.

nokucabanga Okokuqala yesayensi

Iqiniso lokuthi ukuphila kungaba khona ngaphansi kongqimba lwesihlabathi ice amakhilomitha amaningi, kuqala ezihlongozwayo Academician Andrei Kapitsa. Wachitha inhlolovo zokuzamazama komhlaba, wabe usuthola ukuthi kukhona ichibi emaphakathi enkulu engakaze ibonwe Antarctica ngaphansi chetyrohkilometrovoy ungqimba ice - indawo m² 20 000. Lena izikhathi eziyishumi kunenani ubukhulu of Monaco. Itholakala ngqo ngaphansi Soviet ucwaningo esiteshini. Leli chibi subglacial Vostok e-Antarctica namanje uhlala enye yezinto eziyimpicabadala ezithakazelisayo iningi lesintu.

Ingabe kukhona ukuphila e-Antarctica

Ocwaningweni, i-ososayensi Soviet wathola ukuthi ngaphansi Nenkabazwe ice ligcwele umoya-mpilo, esesikhundleni sezulu layo siqu futhi ecosystem esiyingqayizivele. Izinga lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni amanzi echibini kuyinto +10 ... + 18 ° C, entwasahlobo e oLwandle Olumnyama. Loku kungenteka kuphela kusho into eyodwa - kukhona ukuphila, futhi kuba empandeni ukushuba multi-ungqimba ice Antarctic amakhilomitha amaningi kuhlukile noma yini thina zijwayele.

umsizi subglacial

Sekuphele iminyaka ecishe ibe 20, ososayensi Russian ndawonye nozakwethu French kanye ochwepheshe abavela e-United States ukutadisha subglacial echibini Vostok e-Antarctica. Ukuze uthole ukuthi hlobo luni eziphilayo phezu izigidi zeminyaka lapho uhlala khona, sidale ekhethekile imishini ezokuthutha subglacial - cryobot (noma gidrorobot). Nge amanzi Jets esishisayo kumelwe sokuprakthiza umgodi 3.5 km, bese ulinda kuze esikhaleni ngezansi eqina ngenxa yamakhaza. Ngemva kwalokho, robot sterilizes uqobo futhi uyaqhubeka imishini. Zaphela ikhava ice cap futhi bephonsa echibini, ke okuhambisa ulwazi kwamanzi ukuqhuba izifundo.

Ukutholakala entsha Lake Vostok e-Antarctica

Ngo-March 2011, lapho Rig imishini kwase yamba kodwa amamitha 120 kuphela, ngenxa yokuntuleka nokuxhasa echibini eyingqayizivele e-Antarctica kuphele ukufunda uphinde uvale le phrojekthi. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinyanga eziyisithupha nje ngaphambili, ososayensi baye zathola kumnandi. Bathola ukuthi Lake Vostok neze kwekulu iyunifomu ice kumiswa. izindawo zemvelo Antarctica nabo ice ukwakha ngaphansi-ice isiqhingi. Kwatholakala ukuthi ngaphansi-ice kumiswa azinalutho ngaphakathi, okuthiwa ephaketheni isikhala, lapho amanzi ifika emazingeni ehlukene ukujula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-topography esiyingqayizivele kwamanzi Antarctica kwezinye izindawo has a lemfundo ukujula phezu amamitha ayizinkulungwane, okungukuthi ezinye izikhathi ezimbili kunalokho okwakulindelekile ngaphambili. Kodwa Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke ukuthi eduze engxenyeni eseningizimu olungasempumalanga lweLake Vostok waphawula anomaly esikhulu kazibuthe.

Polar aphethe echibini

Ngamanye amazwi, kodwa othile noma okuthile ishaqiswe ungqimba chetyrohkilometrovoy ice. Ubani kungabangela anomalies kazibuthe ngaphansi eqhweni, ososayensi musa kakazi. Abacwaningi kwakwakhiwa kakhulu zisikisela ukuthi yenzani nezidalwa ezinye uhlakaniphile futhi ubufakazi, ngokombono wabo, lokhu kusho ukuthi. Antarctica impumuzo yathathwa emkhathini ngemva nje kwezinyanga ezimbili umsebenzi ucwaningo ku ekutadisheni echibini ongaqondakali zimisiwe. Amakhophi izithombe esibonisa imibuthano phezu eqandisiwe Echibi Vostok ochwepheshe watadisha London Research Institute. ososayensi baseBrithani baye bahlolisisa ngokucophelela yonke indawo-Antarctic emhlabeni umzimba ngamanzi, abeke phambili inguqulo kwemilingo. Izibalo ekhonjiswe ngaphakathi kwesembozo ice, okusho ukuthi imibuthano iqhwa echibini zingavela ngenxa yokuthi uhlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ikholomu nhlobo impucuko kwamanzi. Mhlawumbe ngaphansi kwamanzi uneminye isizinda, futhi lokhu uzovuma, kuyiqiniso kakhulu. Isintu uyazi Akukhathalekile izilwandle ekujuleni kuka phezu kwenhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ngakho sinesizathu ukufunda iplanethi yethu isikhathi eside.

Antarctica ongaqondakali

ososayensi Russian nge umbono nozakwabo British abuhlangananga. Bakholelwa ukuthi endaweni izithombe kusuka Space-Antarctica, ngamaphetheni yayo angaqondakali echibini - ayilandeli impucuko kwamanzi, kodwa umane nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye bemvelo, futhi kwamiswa ngezithukuthuku undercurrents efudumele. Ochwepheshe bathi uma asekujuleni kwechibi kukhona izidalwa ezihlakaniphile, ngabe wathola kudala. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanye ngemibuthano emasimini umhlaba, Bathi umsebenzi indoda. Othile falsifies ngokuqondile imidwebo kangaka, futhi ezinye ababheke ifomu yobuciko wesimanje. Kukholakala ukuthi izici Meteorological ezifana Antarctica kubangelwa, isibonelo, ukuhluka okuncane nje kwamazinga okushisa. Phela, emkhakheni futhi indingilizi - kungcono ifomu zemvelo, ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo bebodwa. Chetyrohkilometrovye imibuthano kobuso subglacial echibini Antarctic kungenzeka ngempela kube enhlekeleleni ethile engokwemvelo, uma kungesiyo eyodwa kodwa. izindawo zemvelo Antarctica kukhona kangangokuthi polynya kwakhiwa, kumelwe ngokoqobo yaphuphuma - ke ngumlayo physics. Kodwa ezindaweni lapho izinyathelo ongaqondakali, ice ukujiya ifinyelela amakhilomitha amathathu aye atholakala. Kuze kube manje, emhlabeni yesayensi akwaziwa, akukho umshoshaphansi ukuthi olungathunaza a ice obukhulu.

Esikwaziyo eSouth Pole

izixhumanisi Geographical Antarctica kunqunywa waso eliphakeme, Cape Cipher (63 ° 14'S. W., Futhi 57 ° 11 ka-. D.). Leli zwekazi Ngakho bathinteka kusukela evele of wonke. Ngu ndawo, Antarctic ifaniswe nezwekazi South America. Zonke izindlela kanye tindlelanchubo leli qhwa "izilo" uvimbelwe nezinguzunga ezinkulu zeqhwa neqhwa Amasimu. Ebusika, ukufinyelela ezwekazini ezineqhwa engenakwenzeka. Ngaphandle moss futhi ulele, akukho ukuze ikhule. Njalo abandayo isivunguvungu imimoya ukwenza leli zwekazi morzly cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlalwe ngabantu. Zonke ingqalasizinda esemqoka ezimbalwa izakhamuzi zakhona (polar) asekelwe esuka ezwekazini. Walikhipha ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, ukungenisa izikhali nezempi, ngokuvumelana isivumelwano samazwe, akuvunyelwe nakancane kulelivekati. Antarctica ayikwazi basonta ubani. Kodwa njalo ngonyaka phezulu oseningizimu komhlaba ithunyelwa imikhumbi nezindiza ezinemishini yokuthwebula ephambili nge uhambo entsha polar ngokwesayensi ukuthi babe imisebenzi ethize. Yini abakufunayo futhi yini yokucasha emifuleni nasemachibini Antarctica?

I nasekuthuthukisweni kwezwekazi lase-polar

Julayi 1, 1957 emazweni ayisithupha nesikhombisa bavumile afeze ucwaningo lwesayensi kuhlelo olulodwa emhlabeni wonke. Kwaba ukuhlolwa engakaze ibonwe. Yaqala a okuhlaselayo enkulu e-Antarctica. Nantathu imikhumbi zathuthelekela ogwini lwayo. Izwe ngalinye kwadingeka ukwakha isiteshi kule ubusika ngokuqinile eziphakanyiswe yiNyuvesi wemboni wakhe. ISoviet Union ithole ingxenye kuka-80 no 105 longitudes empumalanga. I Flagship eSoviet uhambo udizili womkhumbi wokuqala kagesi "OB" Ngafika lapha ngo-January ngenyanga 1956. Soviet wabahloli polar kuqala wabona Antarctica. Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: kwazeke ukuthi lokushisa enomoya Emhlabeni sabhalwa ngokungenaphutha endaweni "Vostok" esiteshini. Lapha 21 Meyi 1983 Polar meteorology bhalisiwe -128,56 degrees Celsius ngaphansi kwezinga noma -89,2 Celsius.

Le resonance lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo uyathola engavamile

Ukuvulwa wabahloli Russian polar khona kabi siyabhubha bonke abantu abasemkhakheni wezesayensi ngamazwe. Ikakhulukazi ngokucophelela izenzakalo bomkhankaso ezungeze iChibi Vostok e-Antarctica balandela ichthyologists futhi Jewelers. Ngo amasampula amanzi sithathwe emhlanganweni ka 4000 amamitha ukujula, sathola iminonjana igolide kanye nabangaziwa ukuthi isayensi izinhlanzi ezaziphekwe ngokoqobo kungenziwa ngokuthi segolide.

amanzi Golden-Antarctica

Lapho ephakamisa cores ice kusukela Lake Vostok, ososayensi bathole kuwo, eqinisweni, insimbi igolide. Micro-Spectral cwaningo ice namanzi, ibhokisi ice echibini esiyingqayizivele wabonisa ukuthi kwabantu lokuhlushwa igolide ion okukukho 80%. Okungukuthi, kuvela ukuthi okuqukethwe igolide ion emanzini uhambelana igolide ingot isampula 700-th. Enye into ukuthi metal emanzini kuyinto ngefomu yamangqamuzana, futhi ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ucwaningo puzzle polar amanzi oyinyumba lapho metal ukungcola kangaka itholiwe. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi Lake Vostok iyona igolide zokuhlala ngobukhulu, nemifanekiso ye-satellite kuqinisekisiwe. Ridge, eliqukethe eziyigugu metal inclusions, kungaba phambili okwami kwamanzi Yanokocha (Yanococha), oluvela naseNingizimu Melika-Andes, ogwini weRiphabhulikhi Peru. Elilinganiswayo core igolide-polar ukubunjwa yabo zamakhemikhali akuyona iyunifomu. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene metal inclusions zawo eziyigugu abe ukwakheka kwama-molecule ezahlukene. I-South Pole ukule umqondo kuzibonakalisa ngokuthi uzibuthe ngesilinganiso kwamaplanethi. It kuvela ukuthi ingxenye izinsimbi igolide exutshwe mass amanzi ezingeni of okusheshayo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Kusukela izwe ngaphandle Lake Vostok e-Antarctica ibizwa ngokuphelele ivinjelwe ungqimba obukhulu ice, ngakho amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, okuqukethwe ensimbini eyigugu angikwazi ukubalekela kuphi. Gcina le ngcebo basemhlabeni njengoba ebhange okunokwethenjelwa ephephile armored, ngezansana nje kwenqaba "East" esiteshini Russian. Antarctica, eMpumalanga (Lake) - indawo isayensi. Akukona okomuntu babe kunoma isiphi isimo. Kodwa manje emazweni amaningi wabonisa ezindaweni zabo: abafuna ukungena ingcebo ososayensi Russian bathole.

Dj Krmak ezweni subglacial

Lokujabulela kwaba ukuthi Lake Vostok e-Antarctica ibizwa owakhiwe. UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki ososayensi into-polar bathole kwelinye amasampuli amasampula ice, okungukuthi izikali, esingaziwa isayensi kanye nobuntu zezinhlanzi. Ososayensi ngokwethukela ukuyibiza igolide, futhi kube kufanele. ensimbini eyigugu, ziyoncibilika ajulileyo, ihlanganisa ngokuphelele lesi Ayindida izinhlanzi ungqimba elincanyana. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka ubukhulu izikali, lokhu ndlovu polar has a ubude mayelana ayisishiyagalolunye ngamasentimitha. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso Antarctic esiyingqayizivele kungenzeka uguqule sonke isimiso sesayensi eziyisisekelo. Kuba sobala ukuthi indaba amabili ekhulwini lokuqala mayelana izinhlanzi igolide isasekhona. Siyethemba ukuthi usaphila futhi akalilahlile ikhono layo fabulous futhi enjalo eziyengayo ukuba abulale noma imuphi izifiso womuntu ...

Riddle imvelo polar

Namanje uhlala umbuzo evulekile ngobudala Lake Vostok. Okungenani eminyakeni engu-400 000, futhi mhlawumbe kwesigidi. Kwénzeka kanjani kusuka? Ngokusho umbono ocatshangelwayo lokuqala friction multikilometer ice nge ebusweni. Yena zaqala ukugcwala amanzi, futhi iqhwa kusuka umfutho ophakeme emanzini ezingeni lokushisa aphansi, ngokuvumelana nomthetho wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto. Umbono wesibili usikisela ukuthi echibini subglacial ubelokhu ekhona. Nokho, lapho esibandayo, nezwekazi elivulela isigxobo laligcwele uqweqwe ice. Kwaphela izinkulungwane eminyaka, kuba awavikelekile neze kusukela amanzi nomoya abandayo.

imicabango Scientific nokwatholakala okwengeziwe

Yini eyenza la impucuko izwe ucwaningo Antarctic? Ososayensi shayela le miphumela ngoba ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba ku-bacterium Earth. Uma eqhubeka ehlola echibini abonisa ukuthi akukho ukuphila, izophinda inikeze ukutholakala ezibalulekile. Njengoba lena niche lokuqala emvelweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukuphila virus. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, isifundo kuyoba usizo ukucinga ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba kwamanye amaplanethi, iqhwa, ezifana e-Europe, i- inyanga ka-Jupiter.