Sulphur compounds. Degree sulphur namachibi kule compounds. Sulphur compounds ifomula

chalcogen iqeqebana kuhlanganisa sulphur, - isici sesibili ukuthi uyakwazi ukwakha inqwaba nsimbi. Sulfate, sulfides, oxides nezinye sulphur compounds sekusakazeke kakhulu, futhi nemvelo ezimbonini ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi simele sulphur ngokwayo, ayo elula.

Sulphur kanye kwebalingisi yayo

Lo msuka onesikhundla elandelayo ohlelweni gqwa.

1. Iqembu lesithupha, iqembu eliyinhloko.
2. Ingxenye yesithathu isikhathi esincane.
3. mass Atomic - 32,064.
4. Inombolo ye-serial - 16, ama-proton ne-electron kanye 16 neutrons.
5. Libhekisela izakhi, okungezona izinto ezimbiwa phansi.
6. Ngo amafomula ukufunda ngokuthi "es", igama sulphur isici, nesibabule Latin.

Emvelweni, kukhona isotopes ezine esitalini izinombolo mass 32,33,34 kanye 36. Lo msuka lesithupha ezivamile ngokwemvelo. Libhekisela izakhi biogenic, njengengxenye molecule ezibalulekile eziphilayo.

Isakhiwo electronic athomu

Sulphur compounds kukhona ngenxa ezihlukahlukene izici isakhiwo electronic ye-athomu. It is esashiwo ifomula ukucushwa elandelayo: 1s 2s ^{2 2 2} 2P ⁶ bo-3 3p ^4.

I-oda ngenhla ibonisa isimo sokuhlala element. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi uma kuyi-athomu ye ukunikeza amandla angeziwe, kungenzeka ukubhanqa electron breaking ngesikhathi 3p futhi bo-3-sublayer, kulandele omunye kwathatha 3d, okuyinto uhlala khulula. Ngenxa yalokho, akukhona nje kuphela kushintsha Valence ye-athomu, kodwa futhi wonke kungenzeka namachibi uthi. Inombolo yabo kakhulu anda kanye nenani izinto ezahlukene isibabule.

Degree sulphur namachibi e compounds

Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona eyisisekelo yaleli inkomba. Sulphur kuyinto:

• -2;
• +2;
• 4;
• 6.

Kulawa, S ezingavamile kakhulu ^+2, okunye bagcwele yonke indawo. I degree of namachibi sulphur compounds ku reactivity engaphansi namandla oxidizing kuzo zonke izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, kuhlanganisa ne -2 - ke sulfides. Babebheka kithi isici ejwayelekile ye-ejenti oxidizing.

Ayanda degree of namachibi e enkompolo, le evelele kuyodingeka oxidizing ikhono izidakamizwa. Lokhu kubonakala kalula uma sikhumbula acid ezimbili eziyisisekelo akha nesibabule:

• H ₂ SO ₃ - sulfurous;
• H ₂ SO ₄ - sulfuric acid.

It is ukuthi yokugcina sizinze okuningi, kwakwakhe eqinile kokuba lokuhlushwa eliphezulu ikhono sina kakhulu oxidize ezaziwayo.

izidakamizwa elula

Njengoba elula izidakamizwa sulphur kuyinto zinhlayiya ophuzi enhle flat side efanele. Nakuba lena kuphela eyodwa yezindlela yayo, ngoba kukhona ezimbili eziyinhloko ukulungiswa allotropic yalolu ketshezi. Okokuqala, monoclinic noma orthorhombic - lena ophuzi crystalline izidakamizwa, hhayi oncibilikayo emanzini, kodwa kuphela ezihogelwayo. fragility libhekene futhi enhle ukuma isakhiwo amelwe ngesimo umqhele. Ukuma - mayelana 110 ⁰ C.

Uma ungenalo weqa iphuzu Lesisemkhatsini ngokubeka amalahle ukuguqulwa okunjalo, kungenzeka ukuba ngesikhathi esifanele ukuthola kwelinye izwe - sulphur plastic. Kuyinto viscous isixazululo brown rubbery, okuyinto phezu Ukushisa okwengeziwe noma eqeda futhi ludlulele ngaphakathi ifomu rhombic.

Uma sikhuluma sulphur okumsulwa amakhemikhali, etholwe filtrations amaningi, kuba zinhlayiya elikhanyayo yellow ezincane, usengozini futhi zingaxazululeki ngokuphelele emanzini. Ignite Onekhono ku contact umswakama nomoya-mpilo emkhathini. Kuhluke sezingeni eliphezulu umsebenzi zamakhemikhali.

Ukuba nemvelo

Emvelweni, kukhona idiphozi yemvelo kuyiphi sulphur compounds kuthiwa ekhishwe wayezibheka njengembali evamile, into elula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqukethe:

• amaminerali, imikhando shushuzela;
• izilwane, izitshalo kanye nabantu, njengoba ingxenye molecule organic;
• wamagesi zemvelo, petroleum namalahle;
• emafutheni oluthambile futhi amanzi zemvelo.

Ungakwazi ukusho nje okumbalwa yezindawo ezicebe kakhulu sulphur namaminerali:

• cinnabar;
• pyrite;
• sphalerite;
• stibnite;
• Galena nabanye.

Iningi sulphur ekhiqizwa namuhla kuya ukukhiqizwa sulphate. Enye ingxenye isetshenziselwa yezokwelapha, ezolimo, izimboni amakhemikhali yokukhiqiza izinqubo.

izakhiwo

Abakwazi bewuhlathulule izigaba ezimbalwa.

1. Amanzi zingaxazululeki carbon disulfide, turpentine, noma - ziyoncibilika kahle.
2. ngomshikisho isikhathi eside aqoqana icala ezimbi.
3. Ukuma ka 110 ⁰ C.
4. Ukubila iphuzu 190 ⁰ C.
5. Lapho ufika 300 ⁰ C sihamba e liquid ogeleza.
6. Into okumsulwa uyakwazi self-Ignite izakhiwo oluvuthayo zinhle kakhulu.
7. Ngu ngokwayo cishe akukho iphunga, kodwa i-hydrogen sulphur compounds ihlaba umkhosi iphunga okunoshukela amaqanda ebolile. Kanye abanye abameleli kanambambili gaseous.

Izakhiwo ketshezi okukhulunywa wayaziwa abantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kungenxa combustibility kwabo isibabule lethiwa. Ezimpini esetshenziswa asphyxiating futhi intuthu ezinobuthi ukuthi yilabo abake ngesikhathi omlilo of enkompolo, njengoba isikhali uyokulwa nezitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-acid isibabule futhi njalo njengolubalulekile ezimbonini.

chemical izakhiwo

Isihloko: "I-Sulphur futhi compounds yayo" ayithathi isifundo esikoleni i-chemistry Yiqiniso, kodwa ambalwa. Phela, okuningi kubo. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi amakhemikhali ketshezi. Kungaba kokubili izakhiwo oxidizing nge ejenti enamandla ekunciphiseni (okusansimbi, boron, njll), kanye nokubuyiselwa kakhulu ze-non-izinsimbi.

Nokho, nakuba umsebenzi onjalo kuphela sasekhaya nokuxhumana okuphuma ngaphansi kwezimo abavamile. Kubo bonke abanye abantu, ufuna ukufudumeza. izigaba eziningana izinto angakhethwa, okuyinto uyakwazi ukusabela isibabule:

• izinsimbi;
• non-izinsimbi;
• alkalis;
• eqinile oxidizing acid - sulfuric, futhi nitric.

Sulphur compounds: zinhlobo

Okunhlobonhlobo value abo ngeke zingachazwa ngezinqubo ngamazinga ahlukene base namachibi ilungu - nesibabule. Ngakho, i-izinhlobo eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa izinto kungathiwa ngesisekelo:

• kwakwakhe nge namachibi -2;
• 4;
• 6.

Uma sicabangela amakilasi, hhayi kube inkomba yokuthi valences, lokhu amafomu isici molecule ezifana:

• acid;
• oxides;
• hydrogen sulphur compounds;
• usawoti;
• compounds kanambambili nge-non-izinsimbi (carbon disulfide, chloride);
• izinto eziphilayo.

Manje cabanga kwamasonto ayinhloko, futhi unike nezibonelo.

Izinto nge namachibi -2

sulphur compounds 2 - kuyinto conformation yayo ezisansimbi, kanye:

• carbon;
• hydrogen;
• phosphorus;
• silicon;
• arsenic;
• boron.

Kulezi zimo, ke uba umenzeli oxidizing, kusukela zonke lezi zinto electropositive ngaphezulu. Cabanga abathandekayo okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kuzo.

1. Carbon disulphide - CS _2. Lolu ketshezi esobala nge ezimnandi iphunga ether. Ingabe anobuthi, imfuyo oluvuthayo kanye kokufutheka. Isetshenziswa njengesici kuphela, futhi izinhlobo eziningi amafutha, amafutha, okungezona izinsimbi, nitrate esiliva, inhlaka rubbers. Libuye kuyingxenye ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kasilika yokufakelwa - viscose. Imboni is kuhlelwe inqwaba.
2. Hydrogen sulphide noma i-hydrogen sulphide - H ₂ S. Le gesi, abangenalo umbala bumnandi. Iphunga eqinile, kubuhlungu ngempela, okusikhumbuza Iqanda ebolile. Ubuthi, depresses isikhungo zokuphefumula ngokuxhumanisa athomu zethusi. Ngakho-ke, lapho iza ushevu ukufuthelana nokufa. Kabanzi kusetshenziswa imithi, zamagama organic, ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid, futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa njengoba bazisa evumayo.
3. metal sulfides kabanzi imithi, ekukhiqizeni acid sulfuric, ukuthola upende yokukhiqiza phosphors, nakwezinye izindawo. Ifomula jikelele - Me _x S _y.

Compounds kokuba ngezinga elithile namachibi of +4

Sulphur compounds 4 - kuyinto okungcono i-nitrous kanye nosawoti ohambelana futhi acid. Bonke bangabangasokile compounds wandile kokuba value specific umkhakha. Abakwazi ukwenza njenge oxidants, kodwa kakhulu ukubonisa izakhiwo ukunciphisa.

Formula sulphur compounds esimweni namachibi +4 ezilandelayo:

• oxide - sulphur dioxide SO _2;
• acid - sulfurous H _{2 3 SO;}
• nosawoti babe ifomula jikelele Me _x (SO _{3) y.}

Omunye obujwayelekile sulphur dioxide, noma anhydride. Kuyinto into kungekho nto enemibala emihle kokuba iphunga ukufana wokushiswa. Ngo amaqoqo amakhulu imiswe phakathi ukuqhuma izintabamlilo yayo okwamanje kulula ukubona by nephunga.

It ziyoncibilika emanzini nge kumiswa ukubola kalula acid - nesibabule. It eziphatha njengomncane. ejwayelekile acid oxide amafomu nosawoti, ezibandakanya ion sulfite SO ₃ ^2-. Lokhu anhydride - igesi okuyinto sithinta kwemvelo ukungcola emkhathini. Lokho kuyithinta kanjani ukwakheka nemvula ene-asidi. Ngokuphakeme ezimbonini elisetshenziswa sulfuric acid womshini.

Compounds lapho nesibabule isimo namachibi +6

Lezi zihlanganisa anhydride ngokuyinhloko sulfuric futhi sulfuric acid nge nosawoti yayo:

• sulfate;
• hydrogen sulfate.

Kusukela kuyi-athomu ye-sulphur therein lisasesimweni eliphakeme namachibi, kanye izakhiwo lezi zakhi abasakwazi explainable. Ziyakwazi oxidants eqinile.

Sulphur oxide (VI) - sulphur trioxide - imele uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle oluyingozi. Sici sici - desiccant ikhono enamandla. Outdoors ebhema. Lapho ziyoncibilika emanzini inikeza esinye acid esiqine amaminerali - sulfuric. Isixazululo kanzulu kuba kancane aphuzi esindayo ketshezi oily. Uma anhydride sihlakazwa sulfuric acid, sithola kwakwakhe ikakhulukazi ngokuthi oleum. It is lisetshenziswe umkhakha ukwenziwa acid.

Phakathi nosawoti - sulphate - kuyinto compounds kubaluleke kakhulu njenge:

• Gypsum caso ₄ · 2H ₂ O;
• baryta Baso _4;
• usawoti;
• sulfate phambili kanye nabanye.

Zisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa, amakhemikhali zamagama, imithi, womshini amathuluzi okubona izibuko ngisho embonini yezokudla.

Hydrogensulfates kabanzi yokusansimbi, lapho lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi yokucucuza. Futhi zisiza ukuhumusha eziningi oxides eziyinkimbinkimbi ku encibilikayo sulfate ifomu isetshenziswa izimboni ezihambisanayo.

Lolu cwaningo sulphur ngokuhamba esikoleni i-chemistry

Sinini best nokwenziwa kolwazi abafundi okungukuthi sulphur, iziphi izakhiwo zalo, okuyinto ekhuthaza sulphur? Libanga 9 - inkathi engcono. Lena akuyona kakhulu ekuqaleni, lapho izingane zonke omusha thina singababoni. Lona phakathi ekuhloleni i-chemistry, lapho izisekelo wabeka ngaphambili, kuzosiza ngokugcwele isihloko. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufunda indaba ethile ye ezidedelwe kuba kwesigamu ikilasi elalisanda kuthola iziqu yesibili. Yonke sihloko ihlukaniswe yaba amabhlogo eziningana, esimelela eceleni sifundo "Sulphur compounds. Class 9".

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isibalo sabo esikhulu. Futhi ngokwehlukana zicatshangelwe ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid kule mboni. Ngokuvamile, lesi sihloko unikezwa nge-avareji ka-3 amahora.

Kodwa organic compounds sulphur ifakwa sesifundo somuntu kuphela grade 10, lapho izinkinga ezibhekwa organic. Futhi abathintekayo nokuthi biology esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngempela, i-sulphur siyingxenye ye amangqamuzana angokwemvelo, njenge:

• thioalcohols (thiols);
• amaprotheni (isakhiwo ephakeme, okuyinto kumiswa disulfide amabhuloho);
• thioaldehydes;
• thiophenols;
• thioesters;
• sulfonic acid;
• sulphoxides nabanye.

Basuke behlukaniswe iqembu ehlukile compounds organosulfur. Zibalulekile hhayi kuphela izinqubo begazi izidalwa eziphilayo, kodwa futhi umkhakha. Ngokwesibonelo, sulfonic acid - ngesisekelo izidakamizwa eziningi (aspirin, sulfanilamide noma streptocid).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sulphur compounds ezifana ingxenye unomphela njengoba abanye:

• amino acid;
• enzyme;
• amavithamini;
• hormone.