I-Acid oxides: incazelo emfushane yeqembu

I-Acidic oxides iyinhlangano enkulu kakhulu yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithinta ama-alkalis. Ngalokhu, ukwakheka usawoti kwenzeka. Kodwa nge-acids abahlanganyeli.

Ama-oxide acidic akhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngezingekho zensimbi. Isibonelo, isulfure, i-phosphorus ne-chlorine ingabelwa kuleli qembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezinesakhiwo esifanayo zingakhiwa kusukela okuthiwa yizinto zokuguquguquka nge-valence ezinhlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa.

I-Acidic oxides ingasabela ngamanzi ukwenza ama-acids. I-asidi ngayinye ehleliwe ine-oxide efanele. Isibonelo, ama-sulfuri oxides enza ama-sulphite kanye ne-sulphite acid, ne-phosphorus-ortho- ne-metaphosphate acid.

I-Acid oxides nezindlela zokulungiselela

Kunezindlela eziningana eziyisisekelo zokuthola i-oksidi enezinto ze-asidi.

Indlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke i-oxydation yama-athomu angenayo yensimbi nge-oxygen. Isibonelo, uma i-phosphorus iphendula nge-oxygen , i-phosphorus oxide ikhiqizwa. Yiqiniso, le ndlela ayikwenzeka njalo.

Esinye isenzo esivamile esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukudubula kwe-oxygen sulfide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-oxide nawo akhiqizwa ngokusabela kwamanoni athile athile.

Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo ehlukile kancane isetshenziswa kuma laboratories. Ngesikhathi sokuphendula, i-asidi efanele ifakwa emanzini - inqubo yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi. Ngendlela, yingakho i-asidi oxide eyaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elinye - ama-anhydride e-asidi.

Izakhi ze-Chemical zamakhemikhali acidic

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ama-anhydride angaxhumana ne-oxides eyisisekelo noma ama-alkali. Ngenxa yalokho ukusabela, usawoti we-asidi ohambelana nawo wakhiwe, futhi lapho usabela khona ngesisekelo, amanzi akhiwa. Yile nqubo ehlukanisa izinto eziyisisekelo ze-asidi ye-oxides. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-anhydride awasebenzisani nama-acids.

Enye impahla yalezi zinto yindlela yokubhekana nama-amphoteric nezisekelo ze-oxide. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ama-salts nawo akhiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-anhydride asabela ngamanzi. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ukubunjwa kwe-acid ehambisanayo kubonakala. Kule ndlela, ebhokisatrijini, isibonelo, i-sulfuric acid ikhiqizwa.

Ama-anhydride avamile kakhulu: incazelo emfushane

I-oksididi e-acidic ejwayelekile futhi eyaziwa yi-carbon dioxide. Lesi sici ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kuyigesi elingenambala ngaphandle kwephunga, kodwa nge ukunambitheka okumuncu omuncu.

Ngendlela, emgodini we-atmospheric, i-carbon dioxide ingaba khona esimweni esinamandla noma esiqinile (iqhwa elomile). Ukuze uguqule i-anhydride ye-carbonic ibe yi-liquid, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ingcindezi. Yilesi sakhiwo esisetshenziselwa ukugcina indaba.

I-carbon dioxide iyingxenye yeqembu lokushisa kwegesi, ngoba lithinta imisebe ye-infrared eyenziwe ngumhlaba , igcina ukushisa emkhathini. Noma kunjalo, le nto ibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yezinto eziphilayo. I-carbon dioxide ikhona emkhathini weplanethi yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa izitshalo ezinkambisweni ze-photosynthesis.

I-anhydride yesibabule, noma i-sulfuri trioxide, ingomunye ummeli walesi sigaba sezinto. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kuyinhlanganisela engenambala, enamandla kakhulu enephunga elimnandi, elimnandi. Le-oxide ibaluleke kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali, ngoba ikhiqiza inqwaba ye-sulfuric acid.

I-silicon oxide enye enye into eyaziwa kahle, esesimweni esivamile ukuthi i-crystal. Ngandlela-thile, isihlabathi sakhiwa ngokuqondile ngalesi sakhi. I-silicon oxide ingancibilikiswa futhi iqiniswe uma ishisa. Lena yindawo yayo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ingilazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nto ayifuni ukuqhuba umbane kagesi, ngakho-ke ngiyisebenzisa njenge-dielectric.