Abameleli umbuso isitshalo: nezibonelo izici kwesakhiwo

Lesi sihloko sizophendula le abamele umbuso isitshalo. Izibonelo (Ibanga 3 uhlola ngale ndaba ngokuhamba emhlabeni), la magciwane ezivamile zaziwa kubo bonke kusukela ebuntwaneni. Nokho, akubona bonke ukhumbula ngezigaba kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi amalungu lobu bunye ehlelekile.

Abameleli umbuso isitshalo: nezibonelo izici kwesakhiwo

Izitshalo benezingane eziningi izici zayo. Ngokuyinhloko lezi uhlobo Pitino. Zonke izinto eziphilayo plant autotrophs. Bayakwazi synthesize glucose ne-oksijini bebodwa. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis. Kwenzeka phezu ngaphakathi unomphela cell izakhiwo ngokuthi chloroplast.

Nokho, amaqembu ehlukene taxonomic eziphilayo zihluke kakhulu. Izibonelo abameleli imibuso izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta, lamagciwane futhi ukuqinisekisa lokhu. Ake sibheke isibonelo amaqembu taxonomic kwezinhlobo.

Chlamydomonas futhi kelp

Lezi yizona ezimelela ejwayelekile ye umbuso isitshalo. Izibonelo zalezi kungabuye kulekelelwa Chlorella, Spirogyra, ulothrix, Ulvi. Bonke bangabangasokile amalungu ulwelwe. Lona izitshalo lokuqala le kukhona isakhiwo isintu impela. Basuke imelelwa eziphilayo olulodwa, amaningi futhi wamakoloni. ulwelwe umzimba ngokuthi i thallus. Siqukethe amangqamuzana ngamanye, ezingalotshwanga zenziwe ngendwangu. impande umsebenzi wenziwa imfundo ekhethekile, ebizwa rhizoids. Lezi zitshalo ngokuthi bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi.

Mosses futhi Izinhlobo

Iqembu abameleli abaphezulu zizoqhubeka nokuqapha umbuso isitshalo. Tibonelo taletinhlobo, ngaphandle wona futhi Izinhlobo - kuyinto horsetails futhi wona club. Ziyakwazi kakade izitshalo ephakeme, emzimbeni esakhiwa lezi izicubu kanye izitho. Esikhathini emjikelezweni wokuphila kwalezi eziphilayo kwenzeka ushintsho ezivamile - ngokobulili futhi asexual.

Cabanga loluhlelo isibonelo moss, omunye ezivame kakhulu okuyinto yefilakisi Kukushkin. Ekuphileni yayo umjikelezo evelele gametophyte. Kuyinto eziluhlaza nge listostebeslnoe rhizoids. isethi yabo ifana ukhaphethi oluhlaza. With ukuthuthukiswa kwakheka germ cells. Bona uhlangane, futhi ngenxa yalokho on the gametophyte kwakhiwa asexual isizukulwane moss. Anakho uhlobo amabhokisi ku ohlangeni mncane. Kuyo impikiswano. Ziyakwazi asexual ukukhiqizwa kabusha amaseli. Uma enhlabathini, bona ziqhume, waphinda ukwakha ukhaphethi eziluhlaza gametophyte.

Ezinye izindaba zika-izitshalo spore ephakeme emjikelezweni wokuphila evelele sporophyte. Anatomically, akahlotshaniswa nesizukulwane ngokobulili futhi ithuthukiswe ngokwehlukana.

Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi and kaphayini

Futhi yilokho abameleli owaziwa zombuso isitshalo. Izibonelo (Ibanga 3 izifundo iculo, yezinganekwane nezimfumbe ngazo) gymnosperms kaningi ezitholakala imisebenzi ehlukahlukene tetemibhalo, ngakho ajwayelekile kubo bonke kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi and kaphayini yizona ezimelela ejwayelekile kakhulu lobu bunye ehlelekile. Uhlu kuqhubeka fir, Tusi, cycads, yew, umjunipha, umsayipuresi. Bonke umnyango Gymnosperms. izici yabo evamile i-ukungabi khona izimbali, futhi kungakho izithelo. Imbewu lezi zitshalo ukuthuthukisa kwi angenalutho Isigaxa izikali evulekile. Yingakho bebizwa ubunye ehlelekile. Abaningi kakhulu kubo babe amahlamvu mncane, ngokuthi izinaliti. Abazange iwe phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, ngoba stomata yabo ebusika uphawu ne resin, okuyinto kuvimbela inqubo amanzi ukuhwamuka. Okuwukuphela larch, okuyinto ngezikhathi eshintsha "ingubo eluhlaza" zalo.

Gymnosperms futhi ethulwa ne amaqabunga ngobukhulu plant, okuyinto ukufinyelela ubude 2 amamitha. Lokhu zama-welwitschia amazing, ikhula ehlane Afrika. Futhi isiqu zalesi sitshalo kufihliwe ngaphanzi komhlaba, kodwa phezu kukhona amashidi ezinkulu ezimbili kuphela.

Apple Tree nokolweni

Futhi nangu abameleli ezivamile zombuso isitshalo. Izibonelo zazo akupheli. Apple, iplamu, pepper, amazambane, nightshade, rye, ukolweni, wavuka, chamomile ... umnyango Ubude Pokrytosemennye njalo seliphindeke izikhathi ezingaphezu 250,000 zilwane. Isikhundla evelele baye izuzwe sibonga imbali nezithelo. imbewu ukuthuthukisa in the sakamuva. Kuyinto izithelo zazo isivikelo ngenxa yamakhaza, umonakalo mechanical, umthombo wamanzi kanye nezakhi.

umnyango Angiosperms kuhlanganisa 2 amakilasi: owodwa futhi dicotyledonous. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka abe cotyledon esisodwa nombungu imbewu, uhlelo impande lunemicu amahlamvu elula eqondile. Ngo dicots umbungu imbewu cotyledons ezimbili, system yabo Impande core, futhi cambium stem eba.

Kulesi sihloko, sabuka izibonelo abamele umbuso isitshalo. Amaqembu eyisiqalo aphansi (ulwelwe) nangaphezulu, okungase spore nenzalo.