ULieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov: indoda avimbela impi yezwe

Khishiwe ngo-2014, umqondisi ifilimu nezikhulumi ezivela eDenmark, uPetru, u-Anthony Umuntu agciniwe emhlabeni iqhaza Hollywood izinkanyezi: Kevin Costner, uRobert De Niro, u-Ashton Kutcher futhi Metta Deymona, utshele umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba mayelana nemicimbi eRussia ngobusuku Septhemba 26, 1983. ULieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov, isikhulu komsebenzi "Serpukhov - 15", iposi umyalo amakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa ukusuka eMoscow, wenza isinqumo, okuyinto wawuncike ukulondolozwa ukuthula Emhlabeni. Kwenzekani ngalobo busuku, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthini esintwini?

impi yomshoshaphansi

EU.SSR USA, amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali, ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili baba izimbangi emzabalazweni nethonya emhlabeni ngemva kwempi. ukuphikisana zingaxazululeki models ezimbili yenhlangano kwezenhlalo kanye imibono evamile izifiso wabaholi onqobayo amazwe kanye nokuntuleka nesitha sangempela kwaholela ekubeni abonane nomqashi isikhathi eside, okuyinto wehla emlandweni njengoba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi kuleli zwe bazithola eduze kokugqashuka Third World.

Ukuze unqobe lo -Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 kwenzeka ngenxa kutimisela kwetembusave nekusetjentiswa imizamo abongameli amazwe amabili: Nikity Hruschova futhi Dzhona Kennedi, ebonakaliswa nengxoxo ngasese. IMpi Yomshoshaphansi ubephelezelwa engakaze ibonwe izingalo uhlanga, lapho ekuqaleni Eighties zeSoviet Union, baqala ukudlala.

Stanislav Petrov, ukhushuliwe elisezingeni uLieutenant Colonel ngo-1983 kuya ukuzivikela emoyeni Ministry USSR Wezokuvikela, wathola isimo esiyindilinga entsha ngxabano yemibuso emikhulu ngoba vvyazyvaniya USSR empini e-Afghanistan. ezicitshwayo Ballistic United States zitholakala emazweni ase-European, iSoviet Union ngokushesha siphuma Geneva izingxoxo kwezikhali.

Ababeke "747"

Labo ngamandla, uRonald Reagan (USA) kanye Yuri Andropov (Novemba 1982 - February 1984) sangenza ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili ngesikhathi iphuzu esiphezulu ngxabano kusukela-Cuban Missile Crisis. Uphalafini emlilweni wathela isimo phansi 1 September 1983 airliner South Korean ethwele indiza abagibeli okuya eNew York. Aphambuka umzila amakhilomitha 500, "Boeing" kwadutshulwa phasi phezu Interceptor eSoviet Union "Su-15" kusho uCaptain Gennadi Osipovich. Ngalolo suku, kwakulindeleke ukuvivinywa nangomcibisholo ballistic, okungase kuholele ukudideka esiyinhlekelele, okwaphumela airliner nabantu 269 ebhodini samukelwa nini njengophawu indiza kwesimo endaweni.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi isinqumo sokucekela phansi okuhlosiwe kuthathwe ezingeni sesigaba kumlawuli, laphinda kuchubeka aye Commander Lasemoyeni kanye Air Defence. I ezibiyele uvele kwasusa esikhulu isidumo, ngoba abagibele airliner ababeke waphenduka esobumengameli Larry McDonald. Septhemba 7 kuphela USSR wayeziqaphela umthwalo ukushonelwa izindiza ezithwala. ICAO uphenyo waqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphambuka izindiza ezivela umzila, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi izenzo zokuvimbela yiSoviet Air Force Kuye kwatholakala kuze kube manje.

Akubuzwa, kwamaZwe ziye kakhulu spoilt okwamanje lapho esemsebenzini uyaphinda awakhulumele Stanislav Petrov. 1983rd - unyaka lapho ekuseni yokuxwayisa (isimiso missile isixwayiso) eU.SSR sisesimweni esikhathazayo sokuhlala siqaphile njalo.

duty ebusuku

Incazelo enemininingwane izenzakalo phansi "Boeing" kungcono kakhulu ukukwazi sifanekise: uma kwenzeka izimo ezingalindelekile, ayoba mancane amathuba okwenza ukuthi isandla uNobhala Jikelele Andropov sika bathuthumela, ngokucindezela shutter inkinobho ukukhululwa sokuziphindiselela uma kwenzeka i-ukuhlasela ngezikhali zenuzi yisitha.

ULieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov, owazalwa ngo-1939, ukuba ngama-engineer-umhlaziyi, lithathe komsebenzi njalo yokuhlola "Serpukhov -15", okuyinto elibukhali ukwethulwa yezikhali ezicitshwayo. Ngobusuku buka-September 26, izwe wayelele ngokuthula, ngoba zazingekho izimpawu zengozi. Ngezinye amahora angaba mane nemizuzu engu-15 0 siren elikhulu ebhongile yokuqala isixwayiso, siphakamise obala ku izwi okwesabisayo "Qala". Kwakubonakala emva kwakhe: "Lo rocket lokuqala wethulwa, ukunemba aphakeme." Kwaba mayelana ukuhlasela ngezikhali zenuzi kwenye elisekela US. Azikho iziqondiso njengoba ukucabanga induna, kodwa ukuthi kwakwenzekani enkundleni asekhanda lakhe ngoba izikhathi olandelayo, umcabango scary. Ukuze umthetho olandelwayo, yena waba ngokushesha kufanele abike ku kwethulwa zenuzi ezicitshwayo isitha.

Ayikho isiqinisekiso isiteshi ezibukwayo, futhi ingqondo kohlaziyo Isikhulu sawo sabe zifezeke nguqulo amaphutha ohlelweni computer. He qamba imoto engaphezu kweyodwa, kuba uqaphele ukuthi zonke kungenzeka naphezu amazinga test 30. Bika kuye ukuthi iphutha uhlelo akunakwenzeka, kodwa angayikholelwa e logic yokuqalisa nangomcibisholo olulodwa. Futhi ngentando yakho ucosha ifoni ukubika ababaphethe: "ulwazi olungamanga". Naphezu imiyalelo, isikhulu ithatha umthwalo wemfanelo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umhlaba wonke Stanislav Petrov - indoda avimbela impi yezwe.

ingozi isidlulile

Namuhla, abahlala suburban Fryazino uLieutenant osethathe umhlalaphansi Colonel wabuza imibuzo eminingi, enye yazo njalo ngokuthi singakanani wayekholelwa izinqumo zazo, nalapho ebona ukuthi okubi kakhulu iphelile. Stanislav Petrov kuphendula ngobuqotho: "Amathuba baba ngamashumi amahlanu abangamashumi amahlanu." Ukuhlolwa ezimbi kakhulu - ukuphindaphindwa isignali isixwayiso ekuseni njalo ngomzuzu, imemezela elilandelayo rocket kwethulwa. Sekube ezinhlanu. Kepha ngenkani walindela ulwazi kusuka isiteshi ezibukwayo, futhi radar ayikwazanga ukuzwa amaza ezishisayo. Akukaze ngaphambili emhlabeni kube seduze kangaka inhlekelele, kokubili ngo-1983. Imicimbi kwasa wabonisa ukuthi kubaluleke isici womuntu: eyodwa sizokwenza isinqumo esingalungile, futhi izinto ezingenza abe uthuli.

23 emaminithi kuphela uColonel wakwazi bakwazi ukuphefumula ngokukhululekile, kokuba isiqinisekiso wathola ngokunemba ngesinqumo. Namuhla, umbuzo owodwa wamhlunguphaza: "Kuthiwani uma lowo ebusuku ebengalidluliselanga esikhundleni umlingani iyagula nendawo yakhe yayingahambisani wobunjiniyela, umkhuzi wempi, ejwayele alalele iziyalezo?"

Ngemva yesehlakalo ebusuku

Ngakusasa ngo-umyalo waqala ekomidini ukusebenza. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, isizathu kuyotholakala inhlabamkhosi eyiphutha yesixwayiso izinzwa: yokukhanya asabela ngayo elangeni zibonakale amafu. Inani elikhulu of ososayensi, kuhlanganise academicians ahlonishwe, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo kukhompyutha. Bona ukuthi Stanislav Petrov wayenza okulungile futhi yabonisa ubuqhawe ke ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi ithimba izingqondo ezinhle kakhulu kuleli zwe, efuna ukuphuca abantu isijeziso esibi umsebenzi izinga. Ngakho-ke, lesi sikhulu umvuzo eyathenjiswa okokuqala, kodwa washintsha umqondo. Saqaphela ukuthi ngokuqala ukucabanga nokwenza izinqumo, yena wephule umthetho-sisekelo. Esikhundleni wawanika isiyalo esithambile imiklomelo ilandelwe.

ULieutenant Colonel kwadingeka ukuvikela phambi induna emoyeni ukuzivikela Yu Votintseva ngoba gcwalisiwe ukulwa log. Akekho wafuna mukela ukucindezeleka olutholwa duty tekusebenta, emizuzwaneni embalwa, uyaziqaphela fragility zomhlaba.

Aqunge ukuphuma

Stanislav Petrov, indoda kugwema Impi yokuqala yomhlaba, uye wanquma ukwesula ibutho, basula. Ngemva kokuchitha izinyanga ezimbalwa ezibhedlela, wahlala emnyango wezempi etholakele efulethini elincane Fryazino suburban, wathola ulayini ifoni. Isinqumo kwakungelula, kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba ukugula lomkakhe, okuyinto kudlulile eminyakeni embalwa, kusale umyeni wakhe indodana nendodakazi. Kwakuyinkathi ezinzima empilweni owake fully aware of BABE isizungu.

Ngo nineties, umlawuli wangaphambilini we-missile nesikhala ukuzivikela, Yuri Votintseva icala ku KP "Serpukhov - 15" iye declassified futhi eyomphakathi, okwakwenza uLieutenant Colonel Petrov, umuntu odumile, hhayi kuphela ezweni lawo, kodwa futhi phesheya.

Recognition eNtshonalanga

kakhulu isimo lapho isosha eSoviet Union abazange balikholwe uhlelo ukuthonya ukuqhubeka izenzakalo, kwashaqisa umhlaba Western. "Association of World Izakhamizi" e-United Nations wanquma umklomelo iqhawe. Ngo-January 2006, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu waklonyeliswa nge indondo - ". Umuntu kugwema impi yenuzi 'statuette crystal Ngo-2012, abezindaba German wamnika umklomelo, ngemva kweminyaka emibili kamuva, ikomidi ekuhlelweni ku Dresden wanika ayizinkulungwane 25. Euro for the nokuvinjelwa izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali.

BaseMelika ngesikhathi isethulo indondo yokuqala waqala omula dalo of documentary futhi isici ifilimu mayelana isiphathimandla Soviet. Kudlala esingu yena Stanislav Petrov. Inqubo yaqhubeka iminyaka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali. Isithombe yanyatheliswa ngo-2014, sokucasuka yokusabela okuxubile kuleli zwe.

American PR

Le nguqulo esemthethweni izenzakalo isimo Russian ngo-1983 wavezwa imibhalo okufakiwe kuze kube-UN. Zisuke zisho ukuthi abangenalwazi kuphela uColonel CA jikelele ingagciniwe. Ukuze KP "Serpukhov -15" - akuyona inhlangano kuphela ngizithiba phezu ukuqalisa missile.

I izinkundla esithi izenzakalo ngo-1983, lapho ochwepheshe baye bazwakalisa umbono uhlobo ubudlelwane zomphakathi, kubhebhethekiswe by amaMelika ukulawula arsenal wezwe zenuzi. Abaningi baye bangabaza umklomelo, wawubuyisela ku umbono wabo, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu, hola ngokuphelele.

Kodwa bakhona labo abacabanga isenzo uLieutenant Colonel Petrov Ezingalinganiselwe lakithi.

Kusukela izitatimende Kevin Costner sika

Esikhathini ifilimu 2014 Hollywood inkanyezi ayehlangana nabo nge umlingiswa oyinhloko futhi ngakho benamandla Isiphelo sakhe ebamba ke phambi crew ifilimu, okungakwazi abashiye ubani nandaba. Wavuma ukuthi edlala kuphela labo zingcono futhi kunamandla kuye, kodwa amaqhawe zangempela - abantu, like uLieutenant Colonel Petrov, owenza isinqumo lokhu kwathinta ukuphila kwawo wonke umuntu emhlabeni. Ukukhetha kwabantu ukwenqaba okuhambisanayo missile kwethulwa e-US ohlangothini uhlelo umyalezo we kuhlasela, wasindisa ukuphila kwabantu abaningi, manje kuze kube phakade exhumene isinqumo.