Uyini Hydra? Coelenterates Class of hydroid

Kulesi sihloko uzofunda ukuthi Hydra. Lokhu ummeleli we coelenterates libhekene ngaphezulu izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kubalulekile uma ziqhathaniswa eziphilayo kuqala ezinamangqamuzana amaningi - neziponji. Yiziphi izici of isakhiwo yisona sizathu? Ake sibheke ndawonye.

Uyini Hydra Ezinsumansumeni

Lolu hlobo uthola igama layo ngenxa ukufana ne iqhawe basezinganekwaneni - Hydra Lernaean. Ngokusho yetinsita kwaba monster snake-like ngomoya anobuthi. umzimba Hydra sika sasinamakhanda eziningana. Ngowakho kwakungase kungabi umuntu - esizeni ikhanda owagawula ngokushesha ngakhulisa abasha abambalwa.

Wahlala Lernaean Hydra e Lake Lerna, okuyinto kuqashelwe emnyango endaweni yabafileyo nezeHayidesi. Kuphela Hercules wakwazi Anquma ikhanda lakhe ongafi. Ngemva kokuba balimbela phansi, waphonsa itshe elisindayo. Lona umsebenzi Hercules wabayishumi nambili yesibili.

Hydra: Biology

ikhono okuphezulu ukuze siphinde sithole izingxenye labalahlekile umzimba noma ukuvuselelwa sici futhi angenasawoti Hydra. Lesi silwane imelele uhlobo coelenterates. Ngakho yini Hydra? Lokhu angenasawoti polyp olulodwa, okuyinto kuphela enamathiselwe yokuphila.

izici Jikelele coelenterates

Njengazo zonke coelenterate, Hydra kuyinto siklanyelwe ukuphila emanzini. It ukhetha ichibi engajulile, ichibi noma emfuleni nge zamanje ezincane, okuyinto ubavumele ezizofakwa izitshalo, noma izinto eduze-phansi.

Amakilasi ethulwa Hydroids coelenterates, jellyfish futhi coral polyp. Ukuze zonke nababamele zinezikhathi wesimethri osabalalayo noma osabalalayo. Lesi sici kwesakhiwo elihlobene ne ukuphila umzimba. Maphakathi komzimba wesilwane elingaqeda iphuzu ngengqondo lapho zonke izinhlangothi ukubamba imisebe.

Zonke coelenterates yizilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, kodwa musa akha izicubu. umzimba wabo imelelwa ezimbili zamatshe amaseli ezikhethekile. Kutholwe ngaphakathi inesikhala emathunjini, lapho ukugaya ukudla. amakilasi ezahlukene coelenterates nendlela entsha yokuphila:

• Hydroids enamathiselwe substrate esebenzisa amathe kanye angashadile.
• polyp Coral nazo engashintshi, kodwa ifomu amakoloni emazweni amakhulu ezinkulungwane abantu.
• Jellyfish ngenkuthalo ukubhukuda kukholamu amanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe kwanciphisa isikhencezo amanzi bephushelwa nge force. Lokhu ezinyakazayo libizwa esisheshayo.

ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba

Umzimba wonke angenasawoti Hydra libukeka Isiqu. isisekelo salo libizwa ematheni. Ngalo kwenzeka okunamathiselwe isilwane ukuze izinto ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ekupheleni okuphambene somzimba yiso umlomo sizungezwe ihambe. It kuholela inesikhala emathunjini.

Hydra umzimba odongeni siqukethe ezimbili zamatshe amaseli. Ngaphandle ubizwa ngokuthi yi-ectoderm. It sakhiwa zesikhumba imisipha, kwenzwa Lesisemkhatsini amaseli kabuhlungu. Isendlalelo kwangaphakathi, noma endoderm kumiswa nezinye izinhlobo - wokugaya ukudla bese yezindlala. Phakathi laphakathi somzimba ungqimba-matrix extracellular elinendawo ifomu ipuleti.

izinhlobo Cell nezinqubo zokuphila

Njengoba umzimba Hydra is ayakhekanga iyiphi izicubu noma izitho, zonke izinqubo bokuphila abazenzi ngosizo amaseli ezikhethekile. Ngakho, EPITHELIAL-kwemisipha ukunikeza ukunyakaza. Yebo, naphezu ngendlela engaguquki zokuphila hydroid bakwazi ukuhambisa. Kulesi lokuqala encishisiwe EPITHELIAL-imisipha amaseli kolunye uhlangothi umzimba, isilwane "esitshekile", umi phezu tentacles bese ngihlaliswa ungene ematheni. ngokunyakaza okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhamba.

Phakathi ezinzwa EPITHELIAL-kwemisipha kukhona inkanyezi-okwenyanga. Ngosizo lwabo isilwane azibonayo ezishukumisa kusukela imvelo futhi ngendlela ethile obhekene nabo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma touch Hydra inaliti, ayilutho.

Yi-ectoderm zihlanganisa namaseli Lesisemkhatsini. Ziyakwazi kugucuka isimanga. Uma kudingeka, akha amaseli anoma yiluphi uhlobo. Is they banesibopho ezingeni lelisetulu yokutakula kwalezi zilwane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Hydra ungalulama ngokuphelele ingxenye yayo 1/200 noma isimo slurry-like.

Kusukela amaseli Lesisemkhatsini kwakhiwa futhi ngihlanganyele ubulili. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kuqala inkathi yasekwindla. Kulokhu, iqanda nesidoda fuse ukwakha zygote, futhi umzimba komama uyafa. Entwasahlobo ka kubo ukuthuthukisa abantu abasha. Summer Hydra izalana by luthela - akha sokwelusa umhlambi omncane, okwandisa ubukhulu, ekuzuzeni izici i umzimba kwabantu abadala ku-umzimba wakhe. Nge ukukhula ke ukuzehlukanisa futhi idluliselwe khona ezimele.

I coelenterates endoderm elise amaseli wokugaya ukudla. Kuzo kukhona wokuqhekeka izakhamzimba. A amaseli indlala ama-enzyme e mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi emathunjini, abangele ukudla iwela izicucu. Ngakho, ukuze uthole ejwayelekile izinhlobo ezimbili Hydra ukugaya. Zibizwa ngokuthi intracellular kanye esinyeni.

amaseli esintinyelayo

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuphendula umbuzo, lokho kuyinto Hydra, uma abangalazi izici of amaseli kabuhlungu. Emvelweni, ziseZwini kuphela coelenterates izilwane. Nabo avikelekile, umonakalo kanye ukukhiqizwa imisiwe. Ngakho-ke, inani zabo ezinkulu athambekele phezu ihambe.

iseli esintinyelayo siqukethe capsule nge ngentambo helically uyisontile. Uma uyikha phezulu le kwalesi sakhiwo izinwele ebucayi. Kwaba ngukulimala kwakhe inyamazane aphinde abhukude abuyele by. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Uchungechunge unwound futhi ngezikhwepha ngimba umzimba isisulu sika, okukhwantabalisayo ke.

Ngu hlobo lwamandla coelenterates, Hydra ngokukhethekile kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye heterotrophic. Zidla on ezingenamgogodla ezincane zasemanzini. Ngokwesibonelo, daphnia, Cyclops, oligochaetes, rotifers, namazeze, singenazo izibungu zomiyane nenhlanzi gazinga.

okusho coelenterates

Inani Hydra ngokwemvelo ngokuyinhloko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi uba begazi isihlungi esebenza ngogesi. It uyazihlanza amanzi kusukela ezinhlayiyeni okwesikhashana, odla. Lena kubaluleke isixhumanisi amandla izifunda angenasawoti. Isikhungo samanzi ukondla ezinye cladocerans, turbellarians nenhlanzi kunangendlela 4 cm. Mal'kov Hydra ngokwayo kuthinta Isihlungu amaseli kabuhlungu.

Kodwa ososayensi basesikhungweni umbuzo, uyini Hydra cishe bephendula ngokuthi kungenxa into eyaziwayo ukuhlolwa laboratory. Lezi zici coelenterates cwaningo ukuvuselelwa izinqubo, izitho zomzimba ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ephansi, luthela.

Ngakho, i-Hydra angenasawoti imelele uhlobo ekilasini Hydroids Coelenterates. Lezi zihloko ezimbili ungqimba isilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi nge wesimethri osabalalayo, nayo isidumbu sayo yakhiwa izinhlobo eziningana amaseli ezikhethekile.