Ama-coral polyp - bezindonga izixhobo.

ezixhotsheni zamakhorali - abalulekile ocean izinsiza ngenxa ubuhle, izinhlobonhlobo amafomu kanye Irreplaceable ecosystem yabo. Ese kolwandle njengoba ebizwa nangokuthi izixhobo zamakhorali, mhlawumbe inkulumo ethi omkhulu kakhulu futhi bhá zokuphila imvelo yasemanzini.

Zinikeza uyisiphephelo kwezinhlobo eziningi zasolwandle, angaba umthombo ukudla eziphilayo inqwaba yakha ngempumuzo olwandle futhi ifomu iziqeshana zomhlaba insular. Ngoba indoda coral ibalulekile hhayi kuphela njengoba enhle izinto bemvelo, okufanele ukujabulela ngamaholide, nabo ukuvikela ugu kusukela amagagasi enkulu ocean kusuka amathambo abo zakha isakhiwo ebalulekile izinto - isihlabathi namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe.

isimiso semvelo Coral abizwa ngokuthi ekhemisi kwekhulu lama-21. Ngesisekelo compounds ewusizo ukuthi ziye zatholakala kule biocenosis, izinkambiso ezamukelwayo noma angaphansi ukuthuthukiswa izidakamizwa abaningi bezokwelapha: namagciwane, esimeni, ukugaya ekuthuthukiseni, inhliziyo, izimonyo, nezidakamizwa ekwelapheni izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isifuba somoya, umdlavuza wesikhumba, Arthritis.

Class-coral polyp kuhlanganisa zilwane ezinkulu ezingaphezu kuka-6000. Lezi ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle kungaba amakoloni olulodwa noma ifomu. nabo kuhluke ubukhulu, khona noma ukungabi khona amathambo, amafomu yayo kanye nokusungulwa (lime noma amaprotheni). Reef isakhiwo esifanayo uyakwazi ukwakha Stony coral polyp lamabutho.

"Stone Garden" Kumiswa hhayi kuphela lezi zilwane ezincane. Iningi ama-coral polyp sibe nobuhlobo ezizosihlomulisa namanye unicellular ulwelwe zooxanthellae ezihlala engqamuzaneni ezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi lenyama Autotrophic zihilelekile kulo ukwakhiwa lwamathambo we-coral. Iningi indima izixhobo isakhiwo sokudlala nezinye ulwelwe - lime, abasenzela imisebenzi eminingana: ukudala skeleton of the zamakhorali, waqinisa ukulimala ahlukahlukene futhi unikeze material okuxekethile. Ukufaneleka rifostroeniya babe ngisho ezinye izinto eziphilayo isilwane, okungukuthi abamele imindeni ezithile mollusk polychaetes futhi neziponji.

An indlela ezithakazelisayo polyp amandla. Mayelana 90% izinto eziningi eziphilayo akha ezincane ulwelwe zooxanthellae e inqubo ye-photosynthesis, udluliselwa nezicubu aphethe. Kwangaphandle - Uhlobo amandla yesibili. Kwamakhorali kungaba thatha futhi zimunce pre ngishaqekile esintinyelayo amaseli umhlatshelo - zooplankton ezincane kuphela nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Ukuveza ama-coral polyp singenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili: kwezocansi asexually. Kwemihlambi iduna nensikazi gametes futhi kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala, ngokuthi "zidala ester" sperm amaqanda e inqwaba synchronously adedelwa ikholomu amanzi. Ku-coral zamakhorali kwakhiwa amaprotheni "ifu", okuyinto edonsela eziningi ezidla ukuthi zidla plankton. Kancane kancane polyp izibungu planuly, eyalo yolwandle. Ngo indlela yesibili ka ukuzala emanzini iwe besilisa kuphela amaseli ubulili, elintantayo ngokukhululekile ngaphambi kokuba uhlangane nalo nabesifazane coral.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha Asexual salezi zidalwa kuyinto enezici: bona iveze imiqumbe ngezindlela eziningana, cross-ukwabelana, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela basakaza aphulwa.

ezixhotsheni zamakhorali - into eyingqayizivele nature, enhle futhi eyingqayizivele, kodwa, ngeshwa, ulula kakhulu. "Stone Garden" kakhulu ebucayi yezinguquko ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, usawoti kanye nezinga ukungcoliswa kwamanzi.

Izinto ezenziwa abantu ingenye izinsongo ezimbi kakhulu ukuba khona coral amakoloni, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba ezishintshe umbala futhi bafe ngokushesha. imizamo ahlangene emazweni amaningi emhlabeni kuphela ongamisa noma okungenani ukubambezela le nqubo. Okusanda kudalwa izindawo zasolwandle ezivikelekile lapho ukuxhumana iziphathimandla nososayensi encishisiwe izinhlanzi izinhlanzi, futhi kukhona imisebenzi ekhethekile ukuze alondoloze zamakhorali. Kukhona futhi ezinhlanganweni global emizamweni yabo ngayo engaxazulula le nkinga, baye asethuthukile izindlela ukwakha zamakhorali yokufakelwa futhi ukusheshisa ukukhula coral polyp.