Kunini futhi kungani Pluto ibekelwe ohlwini amaplanethi?

Pluto - omunye izinto aziwa kakhulu kabi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngenxa kude Umhlaba kunzima ukubukisisa izibonakude. Ukubonakala kwaso ngaphezulu like inkanyezi kancane kuka iplanethi. Kodwa kuze 2006, nguye ayebhekwa iplanethi lesishiyagalolunye sonozungezilanga sekusaziwa yithi. Kungani Pluto ibekelwe ohlwini amaplanethi ezaholela kulokhu? Cabanga konke ukuze.

isayensi elingaziwa "Planet X"

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, izazi zezinkanyezi bazitshela ukuthi isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga kufanele kube kwenye iplanethi. Imibono zisekelwe ubufakazi besayensi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukubukela Uranus, ososayensi bathole nethonya elinamandla orbit zemizimba angaphandle. Ngakho, ngemva kwesikhashana sathola Neptune, kodwa umphumela sasinamandla kakhulu, baqala ukufuna kwenye iplanethi. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Planet X". Ukufuna kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1930 futhi akuphumelelanga - Pluto kwatholakala.

ukunyakaza Pluto sika waphawula phezu kwezitsha enezithombe kuthathwe kungakapheli amasonto amabili. Ukuqaphelisisa nokusebenzisa isiqinisekiso khona into eyaziwa ngaphandle Umthala eyodwa iplanethi uthethe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Klayd Tombo, kamuva isazi sezinkanyezi abasha ngaleso uLowell Observatory, esungula cwaningo, wabika ngokutholakala kwama-izwe ngoMashi 1930. Ngakho, ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga iminyaka 76 kwakukhona iplanethi lesishiyagalolunye. Kungani ngakususi Pluto kusukela isimiso sonozungezilanga? Yini eyayingalungile kule planethi ongaqondakali?

Izinto ezintsha abazitholayo

Ngesinye isikhathi, Pluto, zibalwa phakathi isigaba amaplanethi, kubhekwe owokugcina izinto zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngokusho idatha kwangaphambilini, kwakubhekwa njengento mass ulingana nenqwaba Earth wethu. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa yezinkanyezi kushintsha njalo lokhu ipharamitha. Namuhla Pluto mass lingaphansi kuka 0.24% ngo- mass umhlaba, futhi ubukhulu bayo - ezincane kuno 2.400 km. Lezi zinkomba ziye zaba enye yezindawo izizathu kungani Pluto ibekelwe ohlwini kwamaplanethi. Kuyinto ekahle yemifino kuka iplanethi agcwele sonozungezilanga.

Ubuye eziningi izici zayo akuzona umuntu azalwa nalo lokuhlaziya evamile amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ukuzungeza, iziphuphutheki yayo encane kanye emkhathini bahlukile ngokwabo.

I engavamile orbit

Komkhuba amaplanethi eziyisishiyagalombili kuleli isimiso sonozungezilanga-orbit ucishe ube isiyingi, nge ukuthambekela kancane Ecliptic. Kodwa Pluto orbit - lesiyingi side kakhulu futhi ine angle ukuthambekela degrees ezingaphezu kuka-17. Uma uthumela imodeli sonozungezilanga, amaplanethi eziyisishiyagalombili kuthiwa ngokulinganayo ijikelezwe emhlabeni Sun futhi Pluto - ukuwela emzileni Neptune ngenxa engela yayo kuthambekela.

Ngenxa yalokhu-orbit ke lumayelana Sun e 248 Earth iminyaka. Futhi izinga lokushisa embulungeni yonke aliphumi ngenhla lokususa 240 degrees. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Pluto uzungeza kolunye uhlangothi kusukela Earth wethu, Venus futhi Uranus. Lena engajwayelekile orbit iplanethi sika waba esinye sezizathu ezenza Pluto ibekelwe ohlwini kwamaplanethi.

iziphuphutheki

Namuhla siyazi ezinhlanu iziphuphutheki Pluto sika, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Cerberus futhi Styx. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ngaphandle Charon, mancane kakhulu, futhi zazo zingaphazami sisondele kakhulu emhlabeni. Lona omunye umehluko kusuka amaplanethi ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Charon, eyatholakala ngo-1978, ibe ngaphansana kwesigamu sezwe Usayizi Pluto. Kodwa kungcono likhulu kakhulu satellite. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi maphakathi gravity kakusekho Pluto, futhi ngakho-ke ufana unyakazisa ngapha nangapha. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ezinye izazi zikholelwa kule nto iplanethi double. Futhi ukhonza njengomdala Impendulo yombuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani Pluto kulolu hlu kwamaplanethi.

Isibhakabhaka

Kunzima kakhulu ukufunda into at ibanga cishe engafinyeleleki. Kusolwa ukuthi Pluto yakhiwa rock neqhwa. Isibhakabhaka kwatholakala ngo-1985. Siqukethe ngokuyisisekelo nitrogen, i-methane ne-carbon monoxide. Ukuba khona kwawo kulolu cwaningo bakwazi ukukhomba iplanethi lapho yena ivaliwe inkanyezi. Njengoba engenabo abangane umoya noma yini engathathwa eduze ngokucijile izinkanyezi futhi ube - kancane kancane.

Ngenxa aphansi kakhulu lokushisa kanye ukuncibilika iqhwa omise okweqanda ukhiqiza anti-Amagesi Abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini, okuholela okunye ukwehliswa kwezintela lokushisa emhlabeni. Ngemva izifundo ngo-2015, ososayensi baye baphetha ngokuthi umfutho womoya incike budebuduze iplanethi ilanga.

ubuchwepheshe bamuva

Ukudala izibonakude ezintsha ezinamandla kwaphawula ukuqala eminye okutholakele ngale amaplanethi ezaziwayo. Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, liye wathola izinto cosmic kubekwe phakathi emzileni Pluto. Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, lokhu indandatho uye wabizwa ngokuthi Kuiper Belt. Namuhla kunamakhulu ezinesibopho ububanzi okungenani 100 km kanye Ukwakheka efana Pluto. ibhande Found ukuthi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza Pluto ngaphandle ngesikhathi amaplanethi.

Dala isibonakude emkhathini "Hubble" kuye kwenza ukuhlola emkhathini kabanzi, futhi izinto ikakhulukazi eside Galactic. Ngenxa yalokho, into wavulwa, okuthiwa Eris, owawusegqumeni-Pluto, futhi kamuva - kanye nezinye izindikimba ezimbili zasezulwini, lapho ubukhulu nesisindo ayefana kuye.

Mkhathi AMC "Horizons okusha", wathumela ukufunda Pluto ngo-2006 waqinisekisa eziningi idatha yesayensi. Ososayensi yaphakamisa umbuzo ukuthi wenzeni izinto evulekile. Wafake esigabeni amaplanethi? Bese esimisweni sonozungezilanga ngeke 9, no-12 amaplanethi, noma exclusion Pluto ohlwini amaplanethi ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga.

isimo wokubuyekeza

Lapho Pluto ibekelwe ohlwini amaplanethi? Agasti 25, 2006 abahlanganyeli weCongress of International Astronomical Union njengengxenye izinkulungwane zabantu 2,5 wathatha isinqumo ukuthusa - ukubekela eceleni Pluto ohlwini amaplanethi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuze kusimamiswe ubhale izincwadi eziningi, kanye amabalazwe wesibhakabhaka imisebenzi yesayensi kule ndawo.

Kungani leso sinqumo? Ososayensi kwadingeka ukuba bayihlole kabusha nenqubo ngawo oluthathwa emhlabeni. mpikiswano Long kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi kumelwe iplanethi nazo zonke nemingcele.

Okokuqala, into kumele azungeza Sun emzileni wawo. Pluto kule kufanelekile ipharamitha. Nakuba orbit is side kakhulu, it uzungeza ilanga, ebe.

Okwesibili, akufanele kube satellite of kwenye iplanethi. Leli phuzu futhi uhambelana Pluto. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi wayengumuntu satellite of Neptune, kodwa lesi siphakamiso sinqatshiwe izinto ezintsha, futhi ikakhulukazi iziphuphutheki lalo.

Iphuzu lesithathu - ukuba mass ngokwanele ukuthola umumo eyindilinga. Pluto, nakuba elincane isisindo, kodwa uyisiyingi, futhi lokhu kuqinisekiswa izithombe.

Ekugcineni, imfuneko sesine - ukuba abe namandla ensimini okudonsa, ukusula orbit ezinye izidumbu cosmic. Mayelana naleli phuzu eyodwa, Pluto futhi asifanele indima le planethi. Itholakala ku Kuiper Belt, futhi akuyona into enkulu kunazo zonke e-ke. isisindo salo alanele ukusula indlela ukuzungeza.

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi kungani Pluto ibekelwe ohlwini kwamaplanethi. Kodwa lapho zokuhlukanisa izinto ezifana? sencazelo "amaplanethi yemifino" laqanjwa imizimba enjalo. Baqala ukuba aphathe bonke abantu izinto ayihambisani endaweni yokugcina. Ngakho-Pluto - namanje iplanethi, noma oyisichwe.