Yayiyini West Asia endulo? Insimu, ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu

Orientalism - kangaka okuthiwa isayensi ukuthi ufunda umlando East sidilizwa. Kulokhu, lo libhekisela akuyona kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba. Kuyinto isifunda kwamasiko ihlanganisa indawo Asian, naseNyakatho Afrika, lapho ngisho manje, njengoba eMpumalanga, Muslim. Nokho, e-Western Asia endulo kabanjalo, njengoba sazi ukuthi namuhla. Kwakuwuhambo izinkolo, isiko, amasiko kanye indlela yokuphila. Manje cabanga ngokuningiliziwe lokho kwaba ibalazwe Western Asia ezikhathini zasendulo, yini amasiko kwakuqoshwe ukusebenzisa nendlela abantu babephila ngalezo zinsuku.

imingcele ezindawo

Ukuze uqale nge sizobe sibheke amazwe esifundeni eMpumalanga sidilizwa. A nhlonhlo Malaya Aziya, lapho namuhla Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean, eMesophothamiya (Iraq yesimanje), eNhlonhlweni yaseSinayi, Dolina Nila. Ngezinye izikhathi ibalazwe Western Asia endulo sihlanganisa insimu ka-Iran yanamuhla, egade omunye izikhungo ezweni yentuthuko. Nokho, kusukela iphuzu ezindawo umbono, lezi izinto okungezakho ngumgogodla zwekazi, kanye namasiko angaleso sikhathi, ayehlukile kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye izici okungenhla. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, la imingcele enwetshiwe bebheke eNtshonalanga Afrika, futhi ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu ku eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Isiko futhi zisakazeka kufakwe ne kwabantu basenyakatho.

Periodization nokubala kwalo izikhathi

History of Western Asia sihlehlela emuva 3100 BC. e., lapho kumiswa ekuqaleni kwenkathi dynastic eGibhithe. Ekuqaleni, Izwe lahlukaniswa laba khona iNyakatho neNingizimu, Lower futhi elibangise eNhla neGibhithe, futhi isiphetho salo (emadolobheni ukubabiza akukwazi) itholakala kuphela eSigodini saseNayile. Ngo 3060, owokuqala wathatha amandla okubusa (okuyinto ohlwini kumadokhumenti ngaphambi Yiqiniso, kwakukhona abanye ababusi) UFaro - Mina, noma Menes. Wahlanganisa bonke abezizwe nezindawo, waqala ukushicilela izinguquko ukuthi ukulalela wonke umhlali enakho.

Impucuko wesibili kwemikhulu kunayo yonke zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi - kuyinto Sumerians kanye Akkadians, owayehlala eMesophothamiya. lwazo lwezikhathi iqala kancane kamuva - ku 2900 BC. e. Abantu lapha ahlala like eGibhithe - loMfula iTigrisi ne-Ewufrathe. Isici esivelele sabantu bendawo kwaba uhlanga lwabo. Sumerians - abantu, manje kucatshangwa ukuthi yokuqothulwa. Kwakumelwe kwesiqu encane, build esiyisigqigqi. Akkadians futhi kubhekwe okhokho Arabhu yesimanje - ubude, mncane, abanebala elinsundu. Lezi izizwe ezweni labo isikhathi eside owayebonakala emkhulu abahlala ngabodwa, kodwa ngekhulu lama-21 BC. e. bahlanganiswa embusweni nesi-Akkad sekubusa inkosi yokuqala - Urukagina.

Egypt futhi isendleleni yentuthuko

Ngemva kokuba amandla, ezimayini faro wokuqala kuleli zwe ukusungula uhlelo eyodwa uhulumeni isakhiwo zokuphatha kanye imingcele. Kusukela futhi iqala amakhosi esingapheli waze lisaqala kwenkathi entsha. Isici nobuntu waseGibhithe lasendulo wayeyisibonelo ukwakha imibhoshongo, okwakukhona amabhokisi ngoba oFaro oshonile. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi West Asia ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuwukuthi isifunda kwamaqaba nokwenziwa izwe akuyona ngaphandle. AbaseGibithe nonkulunkulu bezinto zemvelo, izilwane kanye nababusi babo. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu yokuthi ukuthi iGibhithe lalingekho lizwe kuphela esifundeni esiye united, nayo yonke imizana subordinated ukuba kuhulumeni.

EMesophothamiya kanye nezici zayo

West Asia Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakudabukisa thina iyihlanganise ne esifundeni eziningi eMesophothamiya, lapho manje amanga izingcezwana yaseBhabhiloni neNineve. Ngokungafani Egypt eyodwa, bese ubuswa yedolobha isimo. Ezinye zazo bamunye uhlobo ezweni, kodwa in the izinkathi zokuqala samandla Imininingwane wayengekho lapho. Ngokuya ukuthuthukiswa ezizwe basentshonalanga ye-Asia, owayehlala e-Aramu Naharayimi, kakhulu wasondela. Babesebenzisa simiso sokunisela ngenkasa izindlu, base Amasimu kwezenhlalo, amapulazi, ngisho ibutho. Ukubukeka kwamakhasi yokugcina nomthelela le ngxabano unomphela eyayikhona phakathi Sumerians kanye Akkadians. Kwathi lapho umbuso nesi-Akkad isihlakazeka, eMesophothamiya lahlukaniswa laba ezindaweni ezimbili: eningizimu kwakukhona eBabele, futhi enyakatho - Asiriya. Lezi impucuko enkulu namanje kuyinkinga zokuphikisana angunaphakade imfihlakalo mlando.

Anatolia kanye Eastern Mediterranean

Ngemva kwesikhashana kuka yaseGibithe naseMesopotamiya, saqala ukuthuthukisa idolobha-state, esemgwaqweni ogwini empumalanga yoLwandle LwaseMedithera. Ngokuphathelene Anatolia (iTurkey) ke zakha umbuso umHeti - isimo sinobunye futhi siqinile, okuyinto eye yaba khona ebuhlotsheni waqiniswa eNyakatho Afrika nase-eMesophothamiya. West Asia endulo kwaholela empini njalo lezi zizwe kuyaphikisana nge. Ngenxa yokufuna njalo insimu, abantu yayihlanganiswa. Ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka okungabi kufuduka ophoqelelwe kwakheka umndeni-Afro-Asiatic, okuyiyona yaziwa kithi namuhla. Siqukethe ikakhulu Arabhu abahlala okufanayo eMpumalanga Ephakathi esifundeni, okuyinto ihlanganisa indawo okwakukhona kuyo West Asia naseNyakatho Afrika.