YeBhabhiloni Elisha Empire (626-539 GG. BC. E.). History of the East Lasendulo

Empire sidilizwa yeBhabhiloni Elisha yayikhona esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni 626 kuya 539. BC. e. Phakathi nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo ngaphansi kukaNebukhadinezari II lithathe yonke insimu yase-Aramu Naharayimi, naseJudiya, nangaphesheya kuze kube semngceleni neGibhithe. IBabiloni laba isikhungo samasiko izwe nolwazi lwesayensi. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amandla njalo impi nomakhelwane balo. Ngonyaka ka-539 BC. e. EBhabhiloni unqotshwe yamaPheresiya ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela.

Ukuvukela kaNabopolassar

Okwesibili waseBhabhiloni Empire, noma ngenye indlela yeBhabhiloni Elisha Empire, kwaba ukuphindukuzalwa isimo esidala, kanye unqotshwe Asiriya. Ngo 626 BC. e. umbusi kaNabopolassar (wamaKhaledi ngobuzwe) inqume unqamula umbuso futhi ngibe umbusi ezimele. Wakwazi uthwebule eBhabhiloni nokwenza dolobha yayo.

Uprising impumelelo senziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba Iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokuba abakhulu enamandla yoMbuso Wase-Asiriya ngo-VII. BC. e. Wahlupheka kusuka yangaphakathi ngokuxabana clan izimpi. Eqinisweni, isivele ahlukaniselwe izikhungo eziningana zezombusazwe kanye nje ayengeke enze lutho ngazo eBhabhulona. Kwakudzingeka umholi bangawuhlela umbuso. Zaba kukaNabopolassar. Wakwazi umuzi ebalulekile sifinyelela phakathi Ewufrathe - endaweni evunde kakhulu futhi athuthukile kwezomnotho ezindaweni zombuso ezikude. Lezi zikhungo babe Uruk futhi eNippur.

Ukunqotshwa yokugcina ye-Asiriya

KaNabopolassar kwaba usomaqhinga onekhono. Yena bacela ukusekelwa amaMede, lawo Wenza iBabiloni sizana e impi yayo yokulwa Asiriya. Ngonyaka 614 BC. e. Ashur - ingenye yamadolobha elikhulu umbuso lathunjwa. Wakhe aphanga futhi ubhujiswe. Izakhamuzi kwathengiswa ebugqilini noma ababaleki baba. History of the East Lasendulo, owaziwa ngokuba nesihluku, futhi ngalo mqondo, amakhosi eBhabhiloni abamele nje ejwayelekile nkathi yayo.

Ngo-Asiriya wahlala ezandleni dolobha, eNineve ngokwezwi ingcebo futhi ubukhulu obudlulele naseBabiloni. Lo muzi wawuyinhloko-umtapo abadumile Izibhebhe zobumba, ekutholakaleni okwasiza archeologists yesimanje thola imibhalo eziningi eziyingqayizivele kanye codify izilimi efile lasendulo.

Ngo-612 BC. e. INineve lanqotshwa ngemva kokuvinjezelwa izinyanga ezintathu nokushaya ngofaka amabutho azihlanganisa aseBhabhiloni yamaMede. Lo muzi wachithwa ngo-ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwase-Asiriya. Esikhundleni salo, kuphela umlotha amanxiwa wahlala. inkosi Kugcine-Asiriya wazimisela ngomlilo endlini yakhe, ukuze singathwesi ukuwela ezandleni zezitha. Eqinisweni, umbuso wakhe labhujiswa. Asiriya asizange sitholakale, futhi inkumbulo ke wangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwezihlabathi eMpumalanga Ephakathi. EBhabhiloni futhi Abezindaba Insimu ayethathe isimo. Esikhathini esizayo, kula mazwe futhi ngempumelelo walwa ayehlasela amaSkithe zasendle.

Ukuqala ezingqubuzana oFaro

Ngo Nabopalasara wayeyindodana uNebukadinesari, owayezoba owalandela sayo esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ayemiselwe ube yinkosi enkulu yaseBabele, uphawu edume kunazo zonke ezake le elahlekile impucuko. Ubaba ngenkathi usaphila wazama ukuqeqesha umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla ukuze amandla, bamyisa imikhankaso yezempi. Ngakho, ngo-607 BC. e. Empire yeBhabhiloni Elisha layilamula ka umlekeleli abathembekile yamaMede. amandla amabili alwa ndawonye isimo yesimanje-Armenia ngokumelene URARTU. Lapha, owayezoba inkosi yakwa yaseBhabhiloni yazuza eyigugu isipiliyoni yezempi, futhi lokho kuyasiza kuye lapho esekhulile.

Ngo eminyakeni embalwa, ngo 605 BC. e., kaNabopolassar iqale impi ngo-Egypt, ogama amabutho zazibahlupha inqaba umngcele yenkosi-Ewufrathe. Nakuba oFaro possessed Dolinoy hhayi kuphela Nila, kodwa futhi wonke elasePalestina, okuyinto manje Israyeli. YeBhabhiloni Elisha Empire ayikwazanga ukuba zithule, kuze abaseGibhithe wahlala esifundeni Asian.

Eyokuqala ukunqoba Palestine

KaNabopolassar kwaba usekhulile futhi uyagula, ngakho ibutho Lezwe eholwa uNebukadinesari. UFaro Nekho kuqhathaniswa ibutho isitha, nakho kwadingeka kubangane bawo Nubians and Amasosha ezivela emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise Greece. Ngo-May 605 BC. e. eduze nedolobha neKharikemishi impi ewumnqamula-juqu. AbaseBhabhiloni babe nempumelelo, nakuba waya kubo noma kungadingeka alahlekelwe kakhulu womuntu. Le mpi wawubaluleke kakhulu ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe, ngisho okukhulunywa ngabo eBhayibhelini.

Ngemva kwalokho potentates ngaphansi kwesizwe asePalestina kanye waseFenike waqala ukukhokha intela hhayi Gibhithe neyaseBhabhiloni. Kodwa uFaro waba nenhlanhla. He eyayicekeleke phansi ngokuphelele, uma kungekhona uNebukhadinezari yathola izindaba ngokufa noyise owayesekhulile. Impi esikhathini kumisiwe.

Conquest izifunda

KukaNebukhadinezari II yaseBhabhiloni Ubusa iminyaka 605-562. BC. e. History of the East sidilizwa uyazi akukho nkosi mkhulu kunaye. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokubusa kwakhe, uFaro wadosa inqubomgomo angaphandle asebenzayo, esikhundleni salokho, ngokuhlaziya futhi enqoba omakhelwane babo.

Ukufa wayeka umkhankaso alo ezempi ngeGibithe. Ngoba eminyakeni emibili yokuqala a okwatholakala sobukhosi wokubusa kukaNebukhadinezari II ukuze uhambisane. Ngenxa yokuthi abaseBhabhiloni abaphumele besifunda (esifundeni phakathi Ewufrathe uLwandle iMedithera), ababusi bendawo uzamile ukubuyisela umfelandawonye ne uFaro. Eyokuqala ngoba uye wakhokha edolobheni Ashikeloni, lapho ahlala abantu basendulo samaFilisti.

Lokhu itheku elisogwini loLwandle iMedithera bekugcwele abacebe ePalestina. Through kwaba cishe kakhulu lasendulo yokuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba umzila yokuxhuma Egypt ne-Aramu-Aramu Naharayimi, IGrisi NeRoma. Umzila wabizwa ngokuthi "endleleni kolwandle." abanikazi edolobheni wenza inzuzo enkulu kusukela ukuhweba. Owabe uMbuso Wase-Asiriya futhi wazama ukuyilawula.

Inkosi yakwa-Ascalon Adon, sazi ukuthi yena is kuqhamuka ibutho abaseBhabhiloni, wathumela izithunywa eGibhithe ukuba nicele usizo Nekho II. UFaro wayengafuni ukuthumela ukusekelwa, futhi 603 BC. e. umuzi uthathiwe ezikhukhula.

Ubudlelwano namaJuda

Ngemva kwalokhu kunqoba ibutho Empire yeBhabhiloni Elisha wathatha ikhefu kancane, futhi ngokushesha ukhushuliwe ohlangothini amaJuda. EJerusalema King Joachim wayengafuni ukuphinda isiphetho Ascalon, bese iNineve. Wathumela amanxusa kuNebukadinesari ngezipho ezibizayo futhi wathembisa ukukhokha njalo inkokhiso. Lokhu kwasindisa eJerusalema ekubhujisweni. Ngakho inkosi yaseBhabhiloni athumba wesifunda futhi Palestine, wayencisha ithonya Faro BakaJehova kulo lonke elase-Asia.

Lapho uNebukhadinezari II waya empini e-Afrika, emzini wamaJuda ehlubuka engasafuni ukuba ikhokhe intela. Ngo 597 BC. e. Amabutho aseBhabhiloni futhi kwakungasehlane laseBeti izindonga zeJerusalema. Ngalesi sikhathi, izipho awalondoloziwe uJehoyakimi. Yena elathunjwa futhi abulawe. Esikhundleni inkosi ababulawa yesihlalo sobukhosi wayeboshwe indodana yakhe uJehoyakini. Eyophelelisa ukunqoba elaseJudiya ukuphuca yakhe isifiso livuke, uNebukhadinezari II ngaphambilini ukuhoxisa amalungu owabhujiswa imindeni yizicukuthwane yamaJuda.

Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili uJekoniya naye waqala ukuphishekela umgomo okuhloswe ngokumelene neBhabhiloni. Khona-ke ibutho weza eYerusalem, waba baphanga esigodlweni Nethempeli eJerusalema, evela lapho abaningi izinsalela engcwele zashaqwa. UJehoyakini wayiswa ekuthunjweni eMesopotamiya, futhi isihlalo sobukhosi Wawusemhlabathini umalume wakhe uZedekiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli dolobha lase wathumela amaJuda ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.

kuyinto engemukelekile waseBhabhiloni

Eyokuqala engamashumi amabili wokubusa kukaNebukhadinezari II zaziphawuleka ngokungabi izimpi kanye neGibithe ne kubangane bawo Asian. Ngemva yakwaJuda yawa eFenike + nemizi yalo ocebile baseSidoni neThire.

Futhi anqotshiwe isimo Jordan nesakwa-Amoni. Lona impendulo yombuzo othi zazo amazwe nezizwe owanqoba uMbuso aseBhabhiloni Elisha. ufaro waseGibithe ilahlekelwe zonke satellites yayo. Ngo 582 BC. e. dweba thula vumelwane sasayinwa, okuyinto de jure fixed eBhabhiloni hegemony eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

I izimbali yezwe

ukuchuma kwezomnotho ukuthi izwe wazibonela ababeholwa nguNebukhadinezari, vumela ukuba kabusha ngokuphelele yaseBhabhiloni, ngaphambi ngokuphindaphindiwe baphanga ngesikhathi ukubusa-Asiriya. esigodlweni entsha ngokubabazekayo lakhiwa, futhi enyakatho yedolobha kwakukhona edume Hanging Gardens. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele wayengomunye walaba sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zezwe belingana Lighthouse e-Aleksandriya, imibhoshongo baseGibhithe, nokunye. D.

Border yeBhabhiloni Elisha Empire laphaya, kodwa kukaNebukhadinezari II akazange bayakhohlwa ukuphepha-dolobha yawo. Kuye kabusha ngokuphelele ezindongeni zomuzi, ukuyivala ibe yindawo ungenakunqotshwa. Kwaba kuyakhiwa, futhi kuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu abavamile. Kuwo wonke umbuso ukwakha imigwaqo emisha. Siyabonga kubo, abahwebi ezivela emhlabeni wonke kusheshe ukuwela zwe futhi ukuthengisa izimpahla kwabo eBhabhiloni, okuyinto agcwaliswa le igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini.

East sidilizwa yayina kakhulu sibonga ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo ezigodini ezivundile owawuthandwa kakhulu eMesophothamiya. UMbuso yeBhabhiloni Elisha eyakhelwe amachibi kanye neziteshi ivumela ukunisela yokufakelwa ezindaweni ezintsha.

Nabapristi

Omunye okuzikhulula ebaluleke kakhulu uNebukadinesari wayenguJesu kwaqedwa ukwakhiwa kwalesi ziggurat ngokubabazekayo Etemenanki, owayesesimweni edolobheni njengoba isikhathi uHammurabi. Abacwaningi futhi izazi zemivubukulo zikholelwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa prototype edumile uMbhoshongo WaseBhabhele. Ukuphakama isakhiwo ifinyelela 91 metres, okuyinto kulabo izikhathi khona irekhodi ngokuphelele.

I ziggurat yayiyindawo yesevisi yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi onkulunkulu. Ngo iBabiloni elikhulu kwaba ithonya lomuntu abapristi. Lesi sigaba nguye kuphela ababekwazi ithuba inselelo isinqumo ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kungayiphi indlela uJehova abusa Empire yeBhabhiloni Elisha? Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi inkosi njalo babonisana abapristi cha enza anything ngaphandle kwemvume yabo.

Ngokwesibonelo, uNebukhadinezari ngokwayo wayencike ikakhulu isigaba zenkolo. Esekhulile wajabulela ukuthula, wahlanganyela sesimanje ezweni lakubo. Inkosi washona ngo 562 BC. e. Khona-ke eBhabhiloni kwaqala inkathi wombango yangaphakathi futhi esigodlweni njalo amasu okugumbuqela imibuso. Amandla kuphela abasinda sibonga nesilinganiso sokuphepha, okuyinto okuthayiphwe phakathi nokubusa Nabopolassara noNebukhadinezari II.

Impi nge yasePheresiya

Okwesibili uMbuso WaseBabiloni lalahleka ngenxa ukuvelela amandla amasha - yasePheresiya. Izwe lalibuswa Achaemenid lwamakhosi, ngakho-ke ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi historiography okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni Achaemenid. State uvele 550 BC. e. It yasungulwa ngu uKoresi II Elikhulu, owafika amandla emva ukuvukela ngokuphumelelayo yamaMede.

Zisuka nje, umbuso yeBhabhiloni Elisha kanye Persian laba yizitha. Lokhu kulwa kungenxa ukuvelela yasebukhosini, kanye umehluko ikolo namalimi wemiphakathi izizwe ababehlala ezweni.

IBhabhiloni Okokuqala isekela imibuso okwakusemhlabathini endleleni wokwanda WasePheresiya. UKoresi II bazabela yanqoba Media, uLidiya, Ionia, Caria futhi Lycia. Lawa kwakungamadodana emazweni e-Iran enhlonhlweni Malaya Aziya. Ngemva impumelelo kokuqala, uKoresi zanquma ukuhlasela abase bethunjelwe eBhabhiloni kakade uqobo.

UNabonidasi ngokumelene Cyrus

Umbusi zokugcina zombuso Okwesibili uNabonidasi wabonakala ubuso usengozini ofayo. Wathola ukwesekwa kancane eGibhithe, kodwa akuyona usizo kakhulu kuye. EBhabhiloni, ushwabadelwe kusuka ngaphakathi ukuphikisana kazwelonke. Inkinga eyinhloko wahlala amaJuda ukubuyisa abaqhubeka ukumelana noma yikuphi ukucindezelwa komuntu, naphezu nokubacindezela futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuwa kweJerusalema.

Lapho uKoresi wawashaya yeBhabhiloni Elisha Empire, kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele kwavukelwa kazwelonke. Uthukile nababusi bezifundazwe ukuze ohlangothini namaPheresiya, ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe. Ibutho isitha enqobe iBhabhiloni ngo-539 BC. e. Ngemva kwalokho, edolobheni walahlekelwa ukubaluleka zaso zezombangazwe. Cyrus ngokusemthethweni kwesokunxele isihloko inkosi yaseBhabhiloni, kodwa izwe ngokwalo ekugcineni saphuthelwa yiwo uzibuse.

Ngisho eBhabhiloni yaba inhloko-dolobha Aleksandra Makedonskogo, kodwa BC III ekhulwini. e. ekugcineni liwa laphinde labhidlika futhi lalingenalutho. Amanxiwa akhona baye yabakhanga abavubukuli yesimanje ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX.