Yimiphi imigomo? Ama-Antique okugeza eRoma lasendulo

Ukuqala ingxoxo mayelana nalokho okushiwo i-term, umuntu kufanele aphenduke isiko lesiklasi seGreece yaseGreece. Lapho, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu, izindlu zabantu basemadolobheni abacebile nemidlalo yokuzivocavoca - izikhungo zemfundo nezifundo ezikhethekile - izibhedlela zomphakathi zadalwa, ukufinyelela kuwo okuvuleleke kuwo wonke umuntu ozofika. Kodwa-ke, izimbali zalo eziphakeme kunazo zonke lezi zithethe zaseMedithera zaseRoma lasendulo.

Isiko, esungulwe eRoma lasendulo

Wasekela isiko lokubhukuda emphakathini, okuthiwa "therma", umbusi waseRoma ongumRoma Agripa, owabusa kusukela eminyakeni engu-25 kuya ku-19 BC. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, waxosha inzalo yakhe ukuba isebenzise mahhala bonke abahlali beDolobha elingunaphakade, futhi abalandeli bakhe basekela lesi sinyathelo. Yimaphi amagama, amaRoma ayazi ngaphambili. Indima enkulu kulokhu yadlala ngokuhweba okude nokuzibophezela kwezombangazwe neGreece, kodwa kuphela ngesandla sika-Agrippa esakwazi ukuyiqonda ngokugcwele le mpumelelo yentuthuko.

I-Termes eRoma, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa injongo yayo yokusebenza, isibe yimbono yangempela yokunethezeka. Yenziwe ngezinhlobo ezibizayo zemabula futhi zihlotshiswe ngokuhlobisa ngomdwebo, zazihlotshiswe ngezifanekiso ezenziwa emasikweni aphezulu wezobuciko zasendulo. Abadali be-therm abazange basindise izinsika ezazisekela izindlu zamakamelo, noma iminyango yethusi eyayihlotshiswe ngezindwangu eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izici zamabhati aseRoma

Ngokwemvelo, imigomo eRoma ayidingi ukufudumala - yayakhiwe eduze nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo enezinga lokushisa lika-37-40 ° C, okuvela kuyo igama layo. Amanzi afudumele agcwalisa amachibi amaningi, futhi ashintshwe ngaphandle kwezinkokhelo ezimbili noma kathathu ngosuku.

Ama-antique ama-antique ayenamadivayisi ahlukene kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, kodwa njalo ayegcina amakamelo ayenenhloso eqondile. Ukuhamba ukusuka kolunye kuya kwesinye, isivakashi segama lamahora ambalwa senza wonke umjikelezo wokugeza.

Indlela yokuphila emhlabeni

Lokhu ikakhulukazi okuthiwa i-apoditerium, eyayiyindawo egumbini elipholile, lapho kwakukuhle ukungena emgwaqweni ogcwele imini. Kwabe sekulandelwa i-tepidarium - igumbi elifudumele, izinga lokushisa elingadluli ku-40 ° C. Umswakama kuwo wawulinganiselwe futhi ulingana no-40%.

Ukusuka kulo, isivakashi sangena ku-callidarium, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya landa kakhulu futhi lafika cishe ngo-50 ° C, kanti umswakama wawuyi-100%, futhi kusukela lapho, ngokufudumele kanye ne-razomlevshy, wadluliselwa ekamelweni elinyene lomoya - i-laconium. Ngokwesimo sezulu, kwakufana ne-sauna yanamuhla yaseFinnish. Ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphakeme ngokwanele, kufikela ku-80 °, umswakama awuzange udlulele ku-20%.

Eqhubeka ekamelweni elilandelayo, elibizwa ngokuthi "umkhumbi," lesi siqhingi sabonkulunkulu bamaqaba sasilindele amachibi amabili agcwele amanzi afudumele nabandayo. Benza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-bath ehlukile. Futhi umqhele womjikelezo wonke wokugeza wawuyi-laurium. Lapho, ezandleni zamasseji abanekhono, kwakudingeka alalele ngempela i-paradisiacal bliss.

Idivayisi yobuchwepheshe yama-baths aseRoma

Noma kunjalo, umuntu angathola umqondo ogcwele walokho okushiwo yi-terma, kuphela ngokuthinta umbuzo wedivaysi yabo yobuchwepheshe, okuvumela ukubeka izinga lokushisa elifisa emanzini. Kumele kuvunywe ukuthi kule ndaba abakhi bamaRoma babonisa ubuhlakani obungavamile. Baqala uhlelo lokushisa olusebenza kahle kakhulu olubizwa ngokuthi "hypocaust."

Amanzi nomoya, okuvuthayo emanzini asezindaweni zangaphansi, bavuka ngamashaneli akhethekile futhi basakazwa emigodini yezindonga, kanye nangaphansi, okwakungenhloso yalo ukumboza kabili. Izansi nezindonga zenziwa ngendlela yokuthi izingxenye zazo zangaphandle zivumele ukushisa okuthe ngqo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze izinga lokushisa olufunayo ekamelweni ngalinye.

Amanzi okugeza asebe yizikhungo zamasiko zasemadolobheni

Amanzi okugeza antique ajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabantu futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwabo kwaba izikhungo zokuzilibazisa ezivamile. Kulokhu, okuqukethwe kwabo kuye kwanda ngokushesha. Izakhiwo zezemidlalo, imitapo yezincwadi kanye nemidlalo yaseshashalazini yanezelwa esakhiweni sendawo yokugeza. Indima ekhethekile yabelwa ekudleni kokudla, okwakuyimbangela yokubonakala emafenjini amahhovisi abe yizibonelo zokudlela zanamuhla.

Kuze kube manje, inkumbulo yenkazimulo eyake yajabulela ukushisa okudumile kaDiocletian - umbusi waseRoma owayebusa ekupheleni kwe-III nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-IV - uye walondolozwa. Yakhiwa phakathi nesikhathi esukela ku-298 kuya ku-305 bese ihlonishwa ngokuhlonipha umbusi. Kwakuyisakhiwo esihle kakhulu, sithatha indawo engamahektha ayishumi nane futhi okukwazi ukuhlala nabantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ngokwezincazelo ezikhona, amagama kaDiocletian ahlanganisa nezitidi ezihlotshiswe ngamanzi amaningi nemiphakathi, nemitapo yezincwadi, amahholo emibuthano yomphakathi, ezemidlalo nasemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Namuhla, esikhundleni sabo yiRiphabhuliki Square, futhi lapho kwakukhona khona ihholo eliphakathi, kwakhiwa isonto lamaKatolika.

Yimiphi imigomo ezinsukwini zethu?

Ezweni lanamuhla, amasiko anikezwe esikhathini esidala, athole ukuzalwa okusha. Emhlabeni wonke kukhona inqwaba yezakhiwo zokuzilibazisa nezokuzijabulisa ezakhiwe ngesisekelo sayo, lapho wonke umuntu engahle aphumule, aphumule ngemva komsebenzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo aqeda ukucindezeleka futhi ajabule.

Isibonelo salokhu ngu "Khvalynskie terma" - isakhiwo esiseDolobheni laseKhvalynsk, esifundeni saseSaratov. Ubuningi bayo buqukethe ukuthi i-pool yokubhukuda evuthayo evuthayo iyatholakala kulabo abavakashile. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi injabulo ebalindelwe labo labo ebusika bayongena emanzini abo ngemuva kokudumala emithambekeni emide.

Ngaphandle kokugeza okubusika, "i-Khvalynsky Terme" ihlinzekela ukuvakashela i-sauna esendaweni yabo, eyenzelwe abantu abayikhulu, noma ukugoba embhedeni waseRashiya ne-birch whisks ebalulekile, kanye netiye elimnandi elichithwa e-samovar. Ungakhohlwa nalabo abafuna ukuhlanza umzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi nomphefumulo. Bangaya emthonjeni ongcwelisiwe ensimini, enikezwe ngefonti. Kwalezi zivakashi ezincane kunazo zonke eziyinkimbinkimbi, idolobha lezingane lakhiwe, lapho kunezinjabulo eziningi ezizilindele.

Amanzi okugeza

Kodwa-ke, namhlanje, ukuze uthole udoti omuhle futhi ukhulule ukucindezeleka, akudingekile ukuba uye kude. Ngentuthuko yesimanje yezobuchwepheshe, i-term efanelekayo (ibhafu) ingafakwa ngisho nasendlini encane yezwe. Imbonini yanamuhla ikhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ezihlukahlukene zamaselula, efakwe emakamelweni amancane noma kumane ematendeni.