Ukubaluleka kukahulumeni waseSoviet kwakunjani ekuqedeni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Abantu kanye nesimiso semfundo

Ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu kungenye yezibonakaliso zokuthuthukiswa kombuso. Yingakho abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho okushiwo uhulumeni waseSoviet ekuqedeni ukungafundi. Yebo, okuyisisekelo! Ngokusho kwezibalo ngo-1919, iningi labantu labasemiphandleni yombuso babengazi kahle ukubhala.

Isimemezelo "Ekuqedeni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala ku-RSFSR"

Abalimi nabasebenzi bavela ezinkambweni zokuqala emphakathini wokuhlalisana komphakathi kwimibono yeCPSU (B.). Kwakuphakathi kwalezi zigaba zomphakathi ukuthi inqwaba yabantu abangabhalwanga.

Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka okuhlanganiswe nguhulumeni waseSoviet ekuqedeni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, umuntu angakwazi ukufunda izihlinzeko eziyinhloko zesimiso sika-1919. Ukutholakala okuphoqelelwe kwezinga eliyisisekelo lemfundo kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-8 no-50 kwasungulwa. Ukuqedwa kokungafundi ukufunda e-USSR kwawa emahlombe emibhandlela yendawo.

Kule minyaka eminyakeni yethu, izikole zaseprayimali zadalwa kakhulu. Kwakuwumzabalazo wokulwa nokungafundi kahle kwenani eliphelele labantu okwakungumsebenzi wabo oyinhloko. Isimiso sokufundisa esikoleni sabekwe ngabanye ngumkhandlu. Kungani? Kodwa nokho kwakukhona impi yombango, futhi ukukhiqizwa okuningi kwakudingeka kuvuselelwe kusukela ekubhujisweni okubangelwa izenzo zempi zeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye nempi yombango.

Kusukela ngo-1919 ukwakha uhlelo lwemfundo ye-USSR kwaqala ngempela . Ngaphambi kwezinguquko, kwakukhona izikhungo ezimbalwa zemfundo emadolobheni abantu. Indawo kuphela lapho izingane zathola ulwazi ngezinto eziyisisekelo zokufunda nokubhala kwakuyizikole ezihamba phambili. Ngokufika kwamandla aseSoviet, isimiso sezemfundo sezemfundo sisathuthuka, ekugcineni sanikeza ithuba lokuthola, okungenani, imfundo eyisisekelo kubo bonke izakhamuzi ezincane ze-USSR.

Ubani ongeke aqeqeshelwe izikhungo zokufunda nokubhala?

Ingabe wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthola ulwazi? Yebo, cha. Kunolwazi oluthakazelisayo esifundeni sase-Orel. Ngo-1923 kwakutholakala izingane ezingafundile ezingu-430 ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-8 ubudala. Ngokusho kwesinqumo, bonke babefanele bafunde ezikoleni zemfundo. Ngakwazi ukumboza abantu abangu-134 kuphela.

Singakubona ngokucacile ukubaluleka okuhlanganiswe nguhulumeni waseSoviet ekuqedeni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinye izigaba zezakhamuzi zazingadingeki ukuba zifunde ezikoleni. Izigaba eziyinhloko zokukhetha ziyi:

• Uma umphathi noma inkosikazi emndenini ingenye (eyodwa) - ngoba lowo muntu akanalo isikhathi esanele sokulima nokufunda;
• Abantu abanesitifiketi sokugula (ngokwemibandela yanamuhla - "ikhefu lokugula");
• Izisulu (cishe, abantu abakhubazekile abangaboni, bezwa noma abakwazi ukuhambisa);
• Abantu abahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi;
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe abaneminyaka yobudala bezinyanga ezingu-6, abesifazane abanjalo babephoqelekile ukuba bavele esikhungweni semfundo ngemva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane (leli gama lendluliselwa unyaka owodwa uma owesifazane ebeletha).

Imiphumela yokulwa nokulwa nokungafundi

Ukwazi ukubaluleka okuhambisana nohulumeni waseSoviet ekuqedeni ukungafundi, akusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqeqesha bonke abantu ngaphandle kwezigaba ezikhethwayo. Ngokusekelwe kwedatha yobalo lonke ka-1937, abantu abangu-25% basalokhu bangafundi. Iningi lawo liyizakhamuzi zasemaphandleni.

Ngemva kokufunda idatha engavumelekile, sizoqonda ukuthi isimo sangempela sasibi nakakhulu. Abaningi balabo ababecatshangwa ukuthi bayakwazi ukufunda, babhala kuphela ukuthi babhalise, babhale amagama abo kanye negama, futhi negama lokuhlala kwabo. Ukuphumelela kwangempela emzabalazweni wokulwa nokungafundi kahle kwachazwa kuphela uma ukuxhumana phakathi kwedolobha nomzana kwaba namandla ngangokunokwenzeka.