Abaphathi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Izikhulu ze-USSR

Izigaba eziphakeme zomyalo wezempi ziye zahlonishwa njalo. Kodwa ingabe lesi sihloko sikhona isikhathi eside? Futhi bayiyiphi abantu ababehola amabutho kanye nemigqa, behola indaba ngesikhathi sezingxabano zempi zesintu esiningi kakhulu?

Bangobani, abaphathi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili?

Beka eSoviet Union

Kuze kube ngu-1940 kwakungekho isihloko esinjalo ebusweni bomoya baseSoviet Union. Abalingani bakhe babeyizinduna, izikhulu, abaphathi bebutho, ama-commissars. Yiqiniso, ngoSeptemba 1935 i-rank of marshal yavela, eyanikezwa abantu abahlanu. Kodwa ngaphambi kwempi, ababili kuphela ababesaphila.

Ngo-May 1940, ngokokuqala ngqa abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane babethulwa kwizinga lika jikelele kanye nombono. Ekuqaleni kwempi kwakukhona abantu abangu-1056 kulezi zikhundla. Ngo-May 1945, inani labo lase lifike kubantu abangu-5597.

Phakathi kwabafileyo futhi abalahlekile kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-1945 kunezinhlangano ezingu-421 ezijwayelekile kanye nezimemezelo.

Masiqonde ngokuningiliziwe futhi ngegama sizobiza abalawuli abavelele.

Abalawuli bomhlaba

Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme, isosha lihlala lisosha. Futhi akaqinisekisi ngokuphelele ekufeni ekulweni noma ngenxa yokulondoloza udumo lwakhe. Nakuba kwakukhona abanye abanombono ohlukile. Kodwa sizoxoxa ngabo esigabeni esifanele.

Ngakho, akubona bonke abaphathi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili abasinda. I-I.R. Apanasenko, M.P. Kirponos, I.A. Bogdanov, F.Ya. Kostenko, M.P. Petrov, N.F. I-Vatutin no-I.D. UChernyakhovsky wabulawa ngokweqile ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. UMnu. U-Efremov wazibulala ukuze angatholi kuma-fascists ephilayo, futhi uDG Pavlov uphendule.

Abaphathi abasele beMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abaloluhlu lwabo oluzobhekana nekhasi elingaphezu kwelilodwa, basinda futhi banomthelela omkhulu ekunqobeni iSoviet Union kule mpi.

Sizokhuluma ngambalwa kuphela. I.H. I-Bagramyan iphindwe kabili esihlokweni seHero of the Soviet Union, ohlanganyele emisebenzini eminingi ehlaselayo.

S.M. UBudyonny udume hhayi kuphela ngamadevu akhe, kodwa nangemindeni ye-Gold Star eyatholakala ngesikhathi sempi. Wabamba iqhaza empini yeMoscow neCaucasus.

I-G.K. Zhukov izikhathi ezine zithunyelwe isihloko seHero of the Soviet Union, ilungu lezimpi eziningi nokusebenza.

K.E. I-Voroshilov yanikezwa izinkanyezi ezimbili kuphela zegolide. Futhi ekuhlonipheni kwakhe kuthiwa i-artillery esindayo yokuzimela - "Clim Voroshilov."

Abaphathi be-Front Defense Air

Ngokuvamile, ukunqoba izinkulungwane zezimpi, udinga ukuba nolwazi nolwazi ezindaweni eziningi. Isibonelo, ukuqonda ngokusemandleni amasu namaqhinga, ukwazi wonke ama-nuances amabutho ahlukene, amandla abo okusebenzisana. Sidinga futhi ukungahambisani nentando kanye nesivinini sokwenza izinqumo. Lezi zimfanelo kanye nezinye izimfanelo zenziwa ngabaphathi abakhulu bezempi, abangakwazi ukuyala amabutho.

Abaphathi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili baphinde baqondise amabutho okuzivikela emoyeni. Phakathi kwabo singabhala amagama okulandelayo: M.S. I-Gromadin, P.E. Gudymenko, D.A. I-Zhuravlev ne-G.S. Zashihin.

Abaphathi beSoviet bangamacala

Kodwa akuzona zonke izikhulu zakwa-USSR ezibeka udumo nokuthembeka eMlandeni ngaphandle kwezimpilo zabo nezithakazelo zabo. Phakathi kwalezi zinsuku kungabizwa ngabantu abambalwa.

G.N. UZhilenkov wangena ekuthunjweni kwaseJalimane eduze kwedolobha laseVyazma. Lapho wazenza sengathi uyisosha elizimele futhi kwaze kwafika ngo-1942 e-Wehrmacht njengomshayeli ovamile. Kodwa ngengozi wahlonishwa yi-forester. Ngemva kokuphenywa nokuqinisekisa ukulungele ukubambisana, uGeorge Nikolaevich uhlangana neGoebbels futhi wakhethwa ukusiza u-Vlasov.

Ngo-1945 waboshwa amaMelika. Watshela u-Soviet counter intelligence ngaye ngokwakhe, enethemba lokubambisana, kodwa ngemuva kokulingwa kwakhe wagwetshwa ukufa. Ukubulawa ngokulenga kwenzelwe ejele laseButyrskaya.

V.F. UMalyshkin uboshwe ngemuva kweVyazemsky Kettle. Ngokushesha wabonisa isifiso sokubambisana. Wasebenza emnyangweni wezingcaphephe futhi kusukela ngo-1943 ube ngumsizi kaVlasov kule ndaba.

Uphinde waboshwa amaMelika, wathunyelwa eziphathimandla zaseSoviet futhi wabulawa ejele laseButyrka.

B.S. Richter, F.I. U-Trukhin naye wakwazi ukukhonza bobabili ohlangothini lwaseSoviet naseJalimane.

Ngakho-ke, sibona ukuthi abaphathi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili babengenzanga njalo ngesibindi. Babengabantu abavamile abanokwesaba kanye nezifiso zabo, kodwa futhi ngamathalenta avelele emkhakheni wezempi.

Umlawuli webutho le-Wehrmacht

Yini eyenzeka ngakolunye uhlangothi ngaphambili? Yiziphi izikhulu zamaJalimane zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili ezazidume ngokukhethekile empini?

Phakathi kwabo kukhona nalabo abafa empini. Lawa yiGünther von Kluge, Fedor von Bock, Georg von Witzleben, Walter Model, Erwin Rommel nabanye.

Cishe bonke babanikezwa i-Order "Iron Cross", eyakhishwa kusukela ngo-1939 emisebenzini eyingozi eyayiqhutshwa kathathu noma ngaphezulu.

Phakathi kwabaholi abaphumelele kunazo zonke nguHerman Balck, u-Albert Kesselring, uWalter Model, u-Erwin Rommel, uFerdinand Schörner, owakhona izikhathi ezine izikhwama zalolu daba.

Abaphathi bamaJalimane abahlukumezi

Noma kunjalo, akuzona zonke izinto ezahamba kahle njengoba kungase kubonakale. Phakathi komyalo we-Wehrmacht kwakukhona nabantu ababengavumelani nemicimbi yezenzakalo. Ukufuna isiphetho esingcono, babese ohlwini lwabahlubuki baya ezweni lakubo.

UVincent Müller, uLieutenant-General. Ngo-June 1944, waphonswa nge-4th Army ngaseMinsk. UTippelskirch, isikhulu esiphezulu salesi sigaba, wamshiya wonke amandla, esebalekile nabasebenzi bakhe.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kokwesekwa, ukuhlinzeka, ukuhlinzekwa, ngisho nokusebenzisa amabalazwe alula ngokuhlakanipha, waphoqeleka ukuba ayeke ukumelana nokuzinikela emaqenjini aseSoviet.

Njengoba sibona, izikhulu eziningi zezwe lesibili zashintsha imibono yabo ngemuva kokuthola ukwesekwa, zathinteka. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Otto Korfes, wathathwa eStalingrad futhi wazinikezela ngokugcwele. Kamuva, wabambisana namabutho aseSoviet, okwathi umndeni wakubo eJalimane wawuhlaselwa kanzima.

UBernard Behler naye uthathwe nguStalingrad. Isizathu esiyinhloko esenza lezi zikhulu zaqala ukubambisana nesitha kwaba ukuthi zibeka icala likaHitler lokubona okwesikhashana.

Kuvela ukuthi abaphathi beMpi Yezwe Yesibili base bekulungele ukukhonza izwe labo futhi banqobe izimpi, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubuholi bawazisa intshiseko yabo. Ukuthukuthela, ukudumazeka kanye neminye imizwa ishukumisele ukubambisana nesitha.

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sazi okuncane mayelana nokuthi obani abaphathi ababenjalo, futhi bakhuluma ngezikhulu zempi ezivelele zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili.