Yini empeleni eyenzeka empucuko e-Easter Island?

Sonke sithandwa yimfihlo yamandulo yasendulo, akunjalo? Yini eyabangela ukunyamalala kweNhlangano Yesihlanu YaseMbusweni WaseRoma? Kwakungakanani ukusetshenziswa kwemigodi efihlekile ngaphansi komgogodla wenyanga eMexico? Kwenzekani empucuko e-Easter Island?

Impucuko yeRapa Nui

Umbuzo wokugcina ungenye yezinhlungu kakhulu. Lesi siqhingi saba udumo ngokudumisa ama-moai - izithombe ezimbi zamatshe ezikhumbuza ubuso bomuntu. I-Easter Island eyizinkulungwane zeminyaka yayiyimpumelelo kwimpucuko eqhubekela phambili yaseRapa Nui, eyasheshe yaphela emuva ngawo-1860. Njengoba lokhu kungenye yeziqhingi ezikude kunazo zonke emhlabeni, akukho okuncane okuyaziwa ngomkhuba wempucuko elahlekile.

Kuningi okucatshangelwayo okubekwe phambili, kuchaza ukunyamalala kwesibalo sabantu, kusuka ezifweni nasekukhulisweni kwemithi ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi. Umbono ovelele kakhulu wukuthi kwakukhona i-ecocide esiqhingini, okungukuthi, abantu babhubhisa imvelo yemvelo kangangokuthi yaba yindawo engenakulinganiswa. Manje isifundo esisha sibonisa ukuthi lokhu kucabangela kungenzeka ukuthi kuyiphutha.

Yini ekhonjiwe kulo mqondo we-ecocide

Inkolelo ye-ecocide kanje. Abantu abahlala esiqhingini se-Easter bathuthela kuwo kusukela ensimini manje eyiPolynesia. Kwenzeke ukuthi ku-1200 AD. E. Cishe ngaleso sikhathi lapho abantu baseYurophu baqala ukuhlangana nabantu baseRapa Nui ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, ukuchithwa kwemithi kwafinyelela phezulu.

Izihlahla ezikhulayo esiqhingini zazijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngemikhumbi, ngosizo lwabantu abadobayo. Ukuwa njalo kwezihlahla kwaholela ekunyamabalakeni okuphelele esiqhingini, ngenxa yokuthi abantu babengasakwazi ukwakha isikebhe futhi bakhiqize ukudla olwandle. Ukuze basinde, baqala ukusebenzisa imithombo yokudla komhlaba, kodwa ukulimala okungalawuleki kwabangela ukukhukhula okukhulu kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kwabangela ukuwa kwezolimo, futhi, ngokungenakho ukudla okwanele, abantu baseRapa Nui babezobhujiswa.

Ucwaningo lwasosayensi

Noma kunjalo, iqembu lokucwaninga elivela eNyuvesi yaseBristol, elihlanganisa ososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yaseHawaii naseBinghamton, bakholelwa ukuthi ubufakazi bale nhlekelele engokwemvelo abubukeli kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali e-botanical, i-human and faunal ehlala kutholakala ngesikhathi sokucwaninga okuhlukahlukene kwezinto zakuvubukulo esiqhingini, ososayensi bakwazi ukudweba isithombe esicacile ngalokho abaqashi bezilesi zasendulo badla, kanye nokufunda ngezindlela zabo zokulima. Lokhu ku-interview ye-resource IFLScience watshela uCatherine Jarman, umbhali oholayo wocwaningo kanye nomfundi ophumelele e-University of Bristol.

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi okungenani isigamu samaprotheni ekudleni kwabantu baseRapa Nui belokhu bevela emithonjeni yasolwandle. Njengoba kuchazwe "kuyi-American Journal of Physical Anthropology," lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abaqashi bezeziqhingi abazange bayeke ukudoba.

"Siphinde safunda ukuthi ukudla abakuthola emithonjeni esekelwe emhlabathini kwavela enhlabathini eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu baseziqhingini baye bacebisa inhlabathi ukuba batshale izitshalo, "kusho uCarl Lipo, uprofesa we-anthropology e-University of Binghamton, esitatimendeni.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi impucuko yaseRapa Nui yayinolwazi oluhle mayelana nezindlela zokulima. Ngakho-ke, ukucabangela kokuwa kwezolimo akumeli ukugxeka.

Imfihlakalo yokuqedwa ingakabonakaliswa

"Le miphumela emisha iyisibonelo esithakazelisayo solwazi olubalulekile olufihliwe emathanjeni ethu," wanezela uJarman. "Zinezimpendulo ezibanzi, ngoba ngaphandle kokuthembela emithonjeni yamanje yesimanje, zisinika ithuba lokuqonda ukuthi abantu basezindaweni zangaphambi kokuxhumana baxhumana kanjani nemvelo."

Ngakho kwenzekeni e-Easter Island, uma ukunyamalala kwale mpucuko kwakungathintani nemvelo? Okwamanje, sisadingeka ukuqagela.

Kuyaqaphela ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwemvelo kusengenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuwa kwemiphakathi. Manje, uma kuziwa ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, umhlaba wonke uzibophezele ekuqothulweni kwezwe.