Isivumelwano se-Molotov-Ribbentrop

I-Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact yigama lesivumelwaneni sangaphandle sokungabi nokuhlukunyezwa phakathi kwamazwe amabili anamandla, i-USSR ne-Germany. Isivumelwano sivumelekile iminyaka engu-10. Lesi sivumelwano sisayinwe eMoscow ngobusuku obungamashumi amabili nantathu kuya ku-24 ku-Agasti 1939 nguNgqongqoshe waseJalimane, uJohim von Ribbentrop, kanye nomphathi weCommission of People's Commissars, u-Commissar Soviet, uVyacheslav Molotov, phambi kwenxusa laseJalimane uWerner von der Schulenburg kanye neLungu leZombusazwe zeKomiti Ephakathi yeCPSU , Ilungu leKomidi eliPhethe likaJoseph Stalin. Kusuka lapha ungakwazi futhi uchaze igama lwedokhumenti ngokwayo, okuyinto abaningi abasayibita ngokuthi "Ribbentrop-Molotov."

Isivumelwano esasayinwe siqinisekisile ukungathathi hlangothi kweSoviet Union empini ye- Third Reich nePoland namazwe aseNtshonalanga, futhi saqinisekisa ukubuyela eSoviet Union ezindaweni ezalahlekelwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Lesi sivumelwane sisekelwe ku-Treaty yaseBerlin ka-1926 kanye neSivumelwano SaseRalallo ngo- 1922.

Kanye nesibambiso sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwasayina isiteleka semfihlo eyasungula imingcele yezifiso zomphakathi emazweni amabili aseMpumalanga Yurophu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwePoland phakathi kwabo lapho iJalimane ihlasela leli zwe. Ukuba khona kwalesi sibopho esiyimfihlo kwesiSivumelwano sekuphikisiwe isikhathi eside nguhulumeni weSoviet Union. Futhi kuphela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye yekhulu lokugcina le protocol yabonakala ngempela.

Ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano seMlotov-Ribbentrop sisayinwe, i-Germany kakade ifaka insimu yeCzech Republic ne-Moravia ku-Reich. Futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanye amazwe nokulwa nokuhlasela kweJalimane kwakufanele kube izingxoxo phakathi kwe-USSR, iBrithani neFrance. Umphumela waba ukwamukelwa kwesivumelwano esibhaliwe ekusizeni okuhlanganyelwe ngo-Agasti 2, 1939. Kodwa-ke, lo mbhalo awuzange ube isivumelwano ngoba ukungabi nentshisekelo kwamazwe ahlanganyela engxoxweni. Isibonelo, iSoviet Union, ngokutholwa kwalolu hlelo, ludinga ukuhamba kwamabutho ayo ensimini yasePoland naseRomania uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwe amabutho aseJalimane. Noma kunjalo, iPoland noma iRomania ayizange ivumelane nalokhu.

Yingakho u-Stalin noMototov banquma ukusayina isivumelwano esingenasihlukumezi neJalimane, esabizwa ngokuthi i-Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Bobabili iSoviet Union neJalimane babenemigomo ehlukile. UHitler, ekulungele ukulungiselela ukuhlaselwa ensimini yasePoland, wayefuna ukugwema izingxabano zempi neSoviet Union futhi bakholelwa ukuthi iMoscow, efuna ukuphinde ibuyele emazweni asendulo, yayiyokwenza amaphuzu alo mhlaba. U-Stalin naye, wacabanga ukuthi isivumelwano seRibbentrop-Molotov sithuba esihle kakhulu sokulungiselela izenzo ezingenakugwema zempi, kuyilapho zigwema noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana okungadingekile kwempi.

Ngokwesivumelwano esamukelwe, izinhlangothi zombili zithatha umthwalo wokuxazulula ngokuthula konke ukungavumelani okuye kwavela, futhi futhi akusekho icala lokusekela izwe elizohlasela elinye lamaqembu esivumelwaneni. Futhi ngokusho kwemithetho eyimfihlo, iJalimane, lapho ihlasela iPoland, yayingekho ilungelo lokuqhubekela phambili "i-Curzon Line". Ingxenye yasePoland, eFinland, eLatvia, e-Estonia naseBessarabia yahlala emandleni eSoviet Union.

Ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kwesivumelwano esenziwe yiSoviet Union ngo-September 1, amasosha aseJalimane angena ensimini yasePoland. Ngemva kokuthola ukubambezeleka okuncane ukuhlinzeka usizo kulabo base-Ukraine nabaseBelarus abesongelwa ukuhlaselwa kwebutho laseJalimane, amasosha aseSoviet angena ensimini yasePoland kuphela ngo-September 17, 1939, ejoyina ngokuzenzekelayo iMpi Yezwe II. IPoland yayeka ukuba khona njengombuso. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Germany ne-USSR bathola umngcele ovamile. Futhi kungenzeka ukuhlasela izwe elilodwa ngokumelene nomunye, naphezu kwesivumelwano esayinwe, sekuyisikhathi sesikhathi.

I-Memlotov-Ribbentrop Pact yamemezelwa engavumelekile ngo-June 21, 1941, lapho i-Army yaseJalimane ihlasela iSoviet Union.