Izigqoko ze-Spartan: umlando omfushane, izinhlobo ezahlukene nencazelo yabo

Abaningi bethu bayakujabulela indlela abantu ababehlala ngayo eGrisi lasendulo. Sithanda izinkolelo zabo nezindlovu, amaqhawe nezimpi, lapho bahlanganyela khona. Sonke sazwa izindaba mayelana noHercules onamandla futhi ongenakunqotshwa, iTrojan iTransmpi ende futhi enobuqhawe, iqhawe elinesibindi nehlakaniphile likaLeus kanye namaSpartans angama 300. Ukubonga okunjalo kwalesi siko kwakunconywa kakhulu yi-movie yesimanje, esusa amafilimu e-chic esekelwe ezindabeni zezwe lasendulo. Abaningi bethu sibonga ngemisebenzi enjalo yesimo sinomqondo ocacile wokuthi amaqhawe alawo maxesha abukeka kanjani. Kodwa, ngeshwa, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi kungani amasosha aseGrisi lasendulo egqoke kahle ngale ndlela, ngoba lokhu noma lokho kusebenza kwakuhloswe, kungani lesi sihloko sasendulo saseGrisi sasibizwa ngokuthi "izicathulo zeSpartan". Yilokho kanye okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

I-Sparta Yasendulo

I-Sparta yisimo sokuphikisana esasikhona ensimini yeGrisi yanamuhla esikhathini esiyi-146 BC. Futhi kwakukhona engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe. Isisekelo sesimiso sezwe kwakuyisimiso sokulingana ngokuphelele nobunye. Ukwesekwa okuyinhloko namandla omnotho we-Sparta kwakuyibutho lawo, elasezindaweni zasendulo lalinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni.

Wonke amadoda ayengamaqhawe futhi asebenza kusukela ebusheni kuya ekugugeni. I-Sparta ayizange ibhekane nomnotho womuntu, ngoba kwakubhekwa njengomsebenzi omnyama, okwakwenziwa yizigqila esikhundleni sabo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nalabo abagcina kuleli zwe babephathwa kabi kakhulu: babengenalo amalungelo nhlobo. Okuthakazelisayo yiqiniso lokuthi izigqila zaseSparta zazingamaGreki kuphela ezivela emasimini anqotshwe, futhi ngamunye wabo wayengomphakathi wonke waseSpartan.

I-Spartan Warriors

Sonke sizwile indaba yeNkosi Leonid kanye namaSpartan angu-300 kaningi. Kulesi sihloko, ngisho nokufakwe amafilimu amaningi wesici. Ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso, iqiniso eliyiqiniso. Isibindi samaqhawe aseSparta lasendulo sasiwela emlandweni futhi saziwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Noma yimuphi umfana owazalwa kuleli zwe, kusukela esemncane, wayebhekene nemfundo eqinile yempi. Ukwelashwa okunjalo nezingane kuqhubekele phambili ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba, isibindi nokuxoshwa empini.

Iqiniso elingalungile

Kukhona iphutha eliyiphutha lokuthi abaqaphi baseSpartan babengenazo izingubo zokuzivikela. Isakazeka ngenxa yefilimu yaseHollywood "ama-300 aseSpartans". Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona iqiniso: umpi ngamunye wayehlomele kahle hhayi kuphela ngezikhali, kodwa futhi nesembatho esivusa amadlingozi.

Isisekelo sebutho laseSpartan kwakuyizinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-hoplite. Izikhali zabo zazingumkhonto, inkemba emfushane, isihlangu seSpartan, esaziwa kahle emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yombhalo wesiLatini othi "lambda" kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha abeka izikhali, ama-leggings nezigqoko zeSpartan. Incazelo yale mishini izothakazelisa ukufundela abaningi, futhi izoxoxwa emva kwesikhashana. Ngaphezu kwe-hoplites, ibutho laseSpartan lalihlanganisa nabagibeli bamahhashi abasizayo - ababizwa ngokuthi abagibeli, ababengenalutho olubalulekile, kanye nabaphengululi.

Amakhanda aseSpartan: umehluko wezici ezahlukeneyo

Ama-Spartans ayephakathi kwabokuqala emlandweni wokwakha imifuziselo eyindayo kubaqhawe bawo, ngoba ingxenye eyinhloko ye-hoplite yabo yamabutho - yayibalulekile. Indawo yesibili ibaluleke kakhulu (ngemva kwalokho, emva kwalokho, izihlangu) ngokuzethemba zathatha izigqoko zeSpartan. Ukubaluleka kwalesi sici sezikhali zempi kunzima ukugcizelela, ngoba kuvikela indawo enobungozi njengenhloko. Isigqoko sangempela se-spartan asizange senziwe yedwa: ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bukhona kulokhu.

Kuwo wonke iGrisi, kuhlanganise naseSparta, isithonethi saseKorinte yasatshalaliswa.

Uphikisana ngokuphelele nomsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko - wavikela ikhanda lakhe emkhonto phakathi nempi ye-equestrian, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isosha esinjalo seSpartan, isithombe esingaba khona kulesi sihloko, sinezinkinga zalo. Wabheka kancane kancane umbono, okwakunciphisa ukubuyekezwa kwamasosha futhi, ukuvala izindlebe zakhe, wehla kakhulu ukuzwa kwabo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-VI BC. E. Kwakukhona uhlobo lwe-Chalcidic yezimakhanda, lapho kwakungekho nasolnik, futhi ezindlebeni kwakukhona izimbobo ezikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi amandla alezi zilwane ayephansi kunezicathulo zaseCorinthia, ngoba ngenxa yokuthi ayengaqinile, imikhiqizo yayingene.

I-Pylos - izigqoko zaseSpartan

Ngesikhathi esifanayo namasu okulwa aqhubekela phambili futhi athuthukile, imifino yamasosha ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lapho ukuthandwa kwaqala ukuzuza amacebo eLacon empi, amasosha ayedinga ukuzwa icilongo, umbukiso owawuphawu lokuqala kokulwa. Umbono omuhle nokuzwa okuhle kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho izigqoko zashintshwa. Esikhundleni sabashayeli bezindiza baseKorinte bafika isigqoko. Lesi sibonelo kwakuyisikhwama, esenziwe ngomzimba ozwakalayo futhi sinobunjwa obuhle.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela isithwathwa se-bronze ephindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe kwesimo senzwa, kepha kusukela kumarekhodi asendulo aseGrisi, kungaphetha ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo azizange zisebenze ngokuqinile nomsebenzi wayo wokuzivikela ngoba wawungenamandla kakhulu.

Ama helmets amahle kunawo onke

Amakhanda amaSpartan ahle kakhulu futhi amahle yiwo ahlotshiswe ngamaphiko noma ama-crest of izinwele zehhashi noma abantu. Isithombe sokuqala senqola leSpartan sasibonakaliswa ezinqolobaneni zasendulo zesiGrisi, ezaqala ngekhulu le-VI. BC Lezi zicathulo zivame ukuboniswa kumafilimu ama-thematic.