Sparta sidilizwa nomlando wayo

Ngesikhathi lapho Greece lakhula laba idolobha elinamandla, izazi zefilosofi nazo ziye wazindla ngokwesimo, Sparta abangophakimpi wahlala ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. I umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo bekulokhu sokulungiselela kuhlasela. Usongo lwempi njalo lalingaphezu Sparta. Izakhamuzi zazingahambi ukwenza uhambo entsha, bafuna ukuthula, kodwa uma kungekho ngozi engabangelwa kweminye imizi kanye namazwe bafuna uzilungiselele. Zonke amabutho iSparta waya ukuvikela emazweni ayenqotshiwe: Messinia plain no Eurotas esigodini. Futhi agade kulawa masayithi akuzona kubantu bendawo ezingomakhelwane babo, ezaziphanga kubo, futhi kusukela izigqila abahlala kulezi zindawo, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi sikulungele ukuba bavukele.

Sparta sidilizwa ababebalelwa 9,000 kwadingeka 200,000 izigqila helots, ngubani bekhothama emhlabathini, kodwa nanini ngililahle ithemba yokukhululwa. Ngokwesibonelo ngonyaka 464, nalapho umuzi phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba, ama-helots waphuthuma khona, kodwa hhayi ukuze asindise izimpilo oya emakhosini azo, futhi sibabulale. Kodwa, sibonga kokubona inkosi Archidamus, eyakha ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu lamasosha lokusinda, izigqila ahlehla. Ngemva kwalokho kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 empi olunegazi, waphinda ahole helots yilapho zizithoba kuye.

Ngemva ukuzithoba izigqila sidilizwa Sparta, elase Doric ezihlobene imiphakathi Megara nawaseKorinte, kwakuhileleke impi Athens. Ngemva izimpi eside, impi eside yizilwi State wahlulwa State of izihlakaniphi nezazi zefilosofi. Nokho, lokhu akuzange nje waletha udumo olukhulu, kodwa futhi enkingeni enkulu. Iqiniso lokuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwina ehhovisi Sparta weza hoplites owadelela "black" futhi aqaphele zazo siqu kuphela. It ayikuthandi abahwebi enkulu futhi abameleli amakilasi aphansi, bahlalele Uzame ukushintsha amandla. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni Sparta waphoqeleka okuzivikela kubantu.

Ancient Sparta, omlando wakhe ophethe ekunqobeni lempi, wahlulwa okokuqala e 371 Thebans. Kule mpi, futhi uhlelo olusha sokwakha phalanges ( "ukuze etshekile") isetjentiswe. Phakathi nempi, watshaya inkosi we iSparta Cleombrotus, futhi uma ibutho elinesibindi watatazela babaleka empini. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuwumise Thebans. Bathuthela eSifundazweni Sparta, kanye iSparta wabonisa namandla abo lokulwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Thebans iwine ethafeni Messinian.

Singasho ukuthi ngemva le mpi Sparta sidilizwa aqala ukuphelelwa amandla ako. Uma phakathi "kulingana" le iSparta yaqala ukubonakala "ezincane". Abantu abaningi baqala ukuthengisa emazweni awo, ngoba Bazithola abadinga usizo. Nakuba amadoda baye bazama balondoloze amandla kulwa Sparta, abesifazane laqala ukwenza eyeqile. Bathenga ibe yizwe izikweletu. Ngakho-ke, waqala lo babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini, kwakukhona Izicukuthwane ocebile. Zonke kangako lanikezwa lezempi asemasha.

iminyaka kuphela eyikhulu kamuva, abaholi Sparta waqaphela ukuthi akukho muntu ukuvikela edolobheni, futhi wathatha imizamo ukubuyela oda bakudala. Izwe kusabalalise, izikweletu kukhanselwe, amasosha ezinhlwini abangu augmented helots eqinile futhi periekami. Kodwa Izicukuthwane komuzi wamesaba oda entsha, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa waqala, okuyinto bakhuthazwa ngamaKristu aseMakedoniya. Ngakho 221 le iSparta wahlupheka omunye ukunqotshwa, kodwa ayisekho ezandleni Thebans.

Spartan uhlelo lwemfundo

Isimo nenkani alalelwa kakhulu ivikele lo muzi ekuhlaselweni izitha zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngenxa yale njongo yasungulwa ohlelweni lwezemfundo, eyayihlanganisa izigaba 3:

- Imfundo abafana kusukela eminyakeni 7 kuya ku-12. Kulesi sigaba, izingane ziqoqwa. Badlala futhi wafundelwa. Kodwa abafundisi njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane balwa bodwa. Ngakho bayalibona izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu abadlali bakhe.

- Kusukela engu-12 kuya ku-20 abafana ubudala babehlanganiswe amaqembu, lapho baholela abafana abaphezulu. Kulesi sigaba kwakungekho umdlalo, zonke kwagxilwa lezempi.

- Kusukela eminyakeni engu-20 kuya ku-30, i-iSparta babehlanganiswe sissitii - iqembu elinabantu ngokuvamile abantu abangaba ngu-15. Baqhubeka bahlanganyele lezempi kumbuthano yakhe, kodwa manje bakwazi ukuqala umndeni, uhlanganyele imisebenzi yabo yasekhaya.

Njengoba singabona, Sparta sidilizwa alalelwa omkhulu futhi ekuqeqeshweni la maqhawe ukuvikela isimo sabo.