Historiography yomlando kazwelonke

Historiography yomlando kazwelonke - nomqondo enezici futhi edidayo. Akukhona nje kuphela eyibhalela yenqubo zomlando, kodwa futhi isayensi study kumiswa ulwazi zomlando iminyaka eminingi. Lokhu isayensi has zayo into, imisebenzi, imithombo, izimiso kanye nezindlela. historiography Domestic has nesiko lako ecebile kanye nesikolo futsi isiqondiso ukugeleza, okuyinto nakanjani ahlanganiswe kanye historiography emhlabeni, wenza izinguquko ezinkulu emlandweni wonke umkhakha wezesayensi.

Historiography uhlukaniswe nezikhathi eziningana. Eyokuqala wabo - pre-ngokwesayensi. Kulesi sikhathi kufanele zihlolwe nefilosofi ephakathi, bezibona wobuntu isikhathi, amasiko, umlando imisebenzi. Qaphela ukuthi kule nkathi, eyadonsa kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, kwakhiwa amafomu eyinhloko ukulandiswa komlando, ezifana indaba - ukugcinwa irekhodi iminyaka. Yaba umthombo oyinhloko ngalokho, isuke watadisha historiography komlando wezwe. Ekuhloleni zemihla kumelwe banake Imigomo esekelwe phezu kwayo zalotshelwa, ukuma isitayela lapho imisebenzi zazigcinwa. kubalulekile ikakhulukazi isimiso chronograph, okuvumela ngokuqhathanisa izenzakalo, eziphathelene nabo ngezinsuku ezithile, "ngaphambi" okuxhumanisa umqondo - "kamuva". Umthombo wesibili ngalesi sikhathi, okwakuhilela mlando, kuba izimpilo abangcwele. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kosanta abe shades eqinile kunendlela zemihla - bephendukela zibe uhlobo tinganekwane izindaba. Olunye uhlobo zomlando ukwazi namazwi ososayensi nesithakazelo - temdzabu. Kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukufunda ingemibono zabantu heroes yabo futhi izitha. Ngenxa yokuthi esikhathini sangaphambi yesayensi, imibhalo embalwa ethembekile, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, uhlala umbuzo debatable ka umsuka lwamaSlav, lo okuvela wekuba sive, umzabalazo wokulwa abahlaseli bezwe Russian.

Inkathi umlando historiography Russian yesibili iqala ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, futhi waze waphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lokhu izinga isikhathi kubonakala kakhulu ekusungulweni kwe umlando njengoba isayensi kanye ekutadisheni base umthombo. Lokhu kumele kufake izinguquko ezifana inkolo nesayensi nokuthuthukiswa akulona isonto, nasemfundweni yezwe. Okokuqala uqale ukuba kusetshenzwe ukuguqulwa imithombo, zisuka eYurophu, ucwaningo zomlando, njengoba enjalo, ume ngokuzimela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo - akhiwa futhi eyala asizayo ezisiza ukufunda umlando. A esigabeni esisha kule nkathi - ekuqaleni ukushicilelwa imithombo eyinhloko ukuthi yashintsha sengqondo kumlando ezweni yakhe ngezindlela eziningi, futhi ikakhulukazi nezazi Russian.

Okungukuthi, nezazi iqala mlando izifundo uhambo. Bethonywe Amathrendi Western futhi izisekelo yefilosofi umlando liphenduka isayensi agcwele. Phakathi imisebenzi kuyafaneleka umsebenzi F. Prokopovich, A. Mankieva, P. Shafirov, Kurakin, V. Tatishchev, G. Bayer, G. Miller, A. Schlozer, Shcherbatov, I. Boltina, Lomonosov. Lezi ososayensi ukutadisha izinkinga politogenesis, amaViking iqhaza kumiswa isimo lasendulo Russian , njll

Omunye isinyathelo - ukuthuthukiswa historiography ku wesithathu yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kukhulumela nezindaba ezifana ubuhlobo isimo Russian kanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, kukhona umqondo wokuqala sokuthuthukiswa umlando kazwelonke.

Isigaba sesine - engxenyeni nesishiyagalolunye yesibili - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwamiswa izisekelo methodological of historiography. Historiography yomlando kazwelonke nokuzwa ezinhle nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo futhi Kantianism. Inwebisa uhla ucwaningo, ikakhulukazi igcizelelwa izinkinga zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho emlandweni. Ngo esigabeni sesine kukhona umbuzo wokuqeqesha ozimele zomlando.

Okokugcina esigabeni yesihlanu - the historiography yaseSoviet yokuthuthela emlandweni waleli zwe, ogxile indlela ikilasi ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi, okuyinto yena, waba nomthelela izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda. Ukuze unqobe ifa KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - iwumgomo oyinhloko esikoleni zomlando wanamuhla.