Izizathu ayehlasela ukuthi amabutho e-Iraq. I-umlando US ezempi, ukulahlekelwa e-Iraq

Impi yase-Iraq isibe kwezinye zezimpi ezinkulu ahlomile ekuqaleni kwekhulu xxi. Nokho, preconditions kanye vicissitudes we impi ngokuyinhloko kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo. Ake sizame ukwembula tangle lezo zenzakalo. Ngakho, uthole ukuthi yini kwaba isizathu ayehlasela US Iraq nokuthi lo msebenzi wamabutho wathatha indawo.

prehistory

Ukuze uqale nge yehle kancane prehistory kokungqubuzana.

Saddam Hussein eba umongameli Iraq ngo-1979, nakuba eqinisweni bagxila ezandleni zabo ekuphathweni yezwe eside ngaphambi kulolu chungechunge. amandla aso ayengumlilo wobushiqela alinganayo. Ayikho inkinga ebalulekile yezwe bengayitholanga ababili zingaxazululwa ngaphandle kwemvume uMongameli. Against ukuphikiswa badlubulunde Kurds ngezikhathi Hussein wasebenzisa yokucindezelwa nokuhlukunyezwa, lokho ngisho avuma obala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Iraq waqala ukuthuthukisa ihlelo ubuntu Hussein.

Kakade 1980, ibutho Iraq waqala ayehlasela sifundazwe Iranian of Khuzestan, likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa, ngakho empini Iran-Iraq. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kule mpi, kokubili e-United States ne-Soviet Union asekelwe Hussein. Kodwa ekugcineni impi iphela ngo-1988, akukho lutho, ngoba, ngokuvumelana nesimo isivumelwano sokuthula, kwala mazwe womabili baye balondoloza isimo esikhona manje.

New adventure Saddam Hussein waqala ngo-1990, lapho ayehlasela Kuwait yayihlasela futhi yayinqoba i-ke njengoba esifundazweni Iraq. Ngalesi sikhathi, kokubili e-US nase-USSR walahla izenzo umongameli Iraq. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-United States, ngokusekelwa zeZizwe Ezihlangene kwakheka ngamazwe sokusebenzisana lempi amelene Hussein. Yaqala kanjalo impi yokuqala e-Iraq, noma njengoba ibizwa ehlukile, Gulf War. A umfelandawonye ezinsukwini zokuqala le ngxabano waba inzuzo enkulu, ngoba ukusebenzisa zezindiza yesimanje.

Amaphoyisa asebenzisane ekhazimulayo umbimbi US-led. Ukulahlekelwa e-Iraq ngo-sokusebenzisana amabutho abantu ngaphansi kuka-500, kuyilapho inani labantu abashone ibutho Iraq ifinyelele ezinkulungwane. Ekugcineni, Hussein wahlulwa, waphoqeleka ukuba akhulule Kuwait, kakhulu ukunciphisa ibutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe babebeke eziningi nezinye izijeziso ukuthi kwakuzodingeka ukuba amabutho Iraq.

Cishe zonke-90-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, le ngxabano esicashile phakathi Iraq ne-United States lakhula. BaseMelika njalo simangalelwa Hussein e ukusetshenziswa yokucindezelwa ngokumelene ukuphikiswa, kanye khona isikhali akuvumelekile. Ikakhulukazi, isimo saba sibi emva Hussein ngo-1998, axoshwe UN ngabaqaphi obekufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Iraq ayibonakali izikhali zembubhiso. Izwe wema sisonqenqemeni impi entsha.

Isendlalelo kanye izizathu impi

Manje sihlolisise, yini isizathu kwaba US ayehlasela Iraq.

Isizathu esiyinhloko ayehlasela American Iraq kwaba isifiso US ukuqinisekisa ukubusa bakule ndawo. Nokho, ngempela cishe, ukuthi imibuthano isinqumo esatshwe uma Hussein ngempela ekuthuthukiseni izikhali zembubhiso, okungase Guide kuhlanganise ngokumelene United States, nakuba ayengekho ubufakazi yangempela yalo. Nokho, abanye ochwepheshe uhlu izizathu okungenzeka United States baqala imisebenzi ngokumelene Iraq, futhi ngokuthi inzondo siqu UMengameli waseMelika George W. Bush ungenisa ukuze Saddam Hussein.

Ibhaxa esisemthethweni ayehlasela wakhonza njengephayona wabonisa ngo-February 2003, Wezangaphandle Colin Powell ebufakazini-UN Security Council of Iraq izikhali ezibulala uyaca. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, iningi ubufakazi ayekade oqanjiwe.

Ukuheha umbimbi

I-US uhlulekile ukwenza ukugunyazwa uMkhandlu wezokuPhepha ukusebenzisa amandla e-Iraq. Noma kunjalo, lezi ziyingi American isinqumo baye bayishaya indiva futhi waqala ukulungiselela ayehlasela.

Baphinde bacela usizo NATO bayo. Kodwa eFrance naseJalimane wenqaba ukusekela ayehlasela US Iraq ngaphandle UN imvume. Kodwa-Great Britain, Poland nase-Australia baye bazwakalisa ukuzimisela kwabo ukusekela US wezempi amandla.

Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa Hussein umbuso ukuze umfelandawonye wajoyina kwamanye amazwe: Italy, eNetherlands, Ukraine, Spain, Georgia. A amandla ehlukile waba nengxenye ukungqubuzana eTurkey 2007-2008.

Inombolo ephelele amaviyo ngamazwe sokusebenzisana akuxhomekile kwaba emhlabeni izinkulungwane 309. Abantu, babo 250 000 babe amasosha ase-United.

Ukuqala ayehlasela

US operation wezempi e-Iraq waqala Mashi 20, 2003. Ngokungafani "Ugwadule Storm", kulokhu umfelandawonye olwenziwe phansi ukusebenza emikhulu. Ngisho ukwenqaba eTurkey ukunikeza insimu yalo i Akuzange kuhlaselwe ukuyivimbela. US yahlasela Iraq kusukela Kuwait. Coalition amabutho ngo-Ephreli, ngaphandle kokulwa, matasa Baghdad. I-Iraqi air force ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubonakalisa ukuhlaselwa isitha eqinisweni abathintekayo wayengekho. Isigaba asebenzayo we okuhlaselayo seliqediwe emva ukuthunjwa emzini Tikrit phakathi nyanga.

Ngakho, izindawo eziyinhloko Ukhiye e-Iraq ekupheleni ukusebenza okuhlaselayo kulawulwa umfelandawonye oholwa United States. Ukulahlekelwa ngamaviyo Iraq azihlanganisa ngalesi sikhathi zaba 172 amasosha abulawe kanye 1621 - kwabonayo. I-Iraqi amabutho ahlomile ngesikhathi umbimbi okuhlaselayo elahlekile abantu cishe 10,000 abulawe. Kancane okumbalwa babe lezakhamuzi ezafa.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala empini, ukuthi amabutho e-Iraq, inqobe kumhambela. Nokho, kwakudingeka hhayi kuphela ukuyokudla indawo, kodwa futhi bakwazi ukuyigcina kuze e-Iraq ngeke abaqotho baseMelika bakha uhulumeni ukuthi uzokwazi ukugcina isimo kuleli zwe elilawulwa.

I okunye Yiqiniso yokulwa

Ngemva kokunqotshwa namasosha kahulumeni laqala ukuhlela ukuhamba yabashokobezi kuleli zwe. Baletha ndawonye hhayi kuphela lempi qotho Hussein, kodwa futhi abameleli amaqembu ahlukahlukene Islamist, kuhlanganise nalezo eduze "Al-Qaeda." ezindaweni eziqhelelene engabandlululi ezinabantu abaningi bagxila kule okuthiwa "Triangle Sunni", esemgwaqweni ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha wase-Iraq.

Amaqembu abashokobezi wabhubhisa ukuhlaselwa ingqalasizinda eyenziwa ubudala, bahlasele lo ngabanye amayunithi sokusebenzisana kwaholela USA. Ukulahlekelwa ngamaviyo Iraq azihlanganisa ngalesi sikhathi anda. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi efile futhi elimele babe amasosha wagibela iziqhumane ngokurhaba.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ekupheleni 2003 edolobhaneni isiboshwa Iraq elathunjwa Saddam Hussein. Ngenhla ke olwenziwa yinkantolo sinqumo lapho umashiqela yangaphambili esidlangalaleni ababulawa ngo-2006.

impi yombango

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-2005, e-Iraq ekugcineni labetibambile ukhetho. Ngemva kokhetho lwango Shiites athatha izintambo. Lokhu kwabangela ukwanda imibhikisho phakathi kwabantu Sunni, okuyinto lakhula ngokushesha ibe lomkhuba wokuthi kungaba ngokuthi yimpi yombango.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalangabi wathela amacala ahlukahlukene obenziwa yamasosha US amasosha noma amayunithi ngisho lonke US Army. Ukulahlekelwa e-Iraq njengoba ezempi lezakhamuzi, ingqikithi ezingaphezu sakhula futhi kugqashuka impi yombango nge force kuvuselelwe.

Lokhu kwabangela ukunganeliseki hhayi kuphela e-Iraq, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi umphakathi American. Izakhamuzi eziningi US waqala ukuqhathanisa eside Iraq ukusebenza nge YaseVietnam. Ukulahlekelwa okwandisa amabutho US e-Iraq uholé yokuthi Republican zehlulekile okhethweni eyayidingida ukulahlekelwa iningi kuzo zombili emakamelweni.

Ukuqiniswa ezinhlangano Islamist

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uma ukumelana okokuqala kuze kube lapho umsebenzi e-Iraq, umfelandawonye amabutho kwaba kwenkolo kwezemidlalo ucishe hlangothi, ngonyaka ka-2008 ngesikhathi ikhanda ukunyakaza yabashokobezi babe nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene Islamist, ngokuvamile bemvelo amaphekula.

Okuningi ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlasela American Iraq ensimini yezwe wayiswa umsebenzi inhlangano yamaphekula "ubudlelwane phakathi kokukodwa nokuningi futhi Jihad" eliholwa Zarqawi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile le cell emabhulohweni nezinye izinhlangano kakhulu Islamist nenkani e-Iraq. Ngo-2004, umholi we "ubudlelwane phakathi kokukodwa nokuningi futhi Jihad" wathatha isifungo sokwethembeka Osama bin Laden, kanye nenhlangano iqanjwe kabusha "al-Qaeda e-Iraq."

Ngo-2006, i-al-Zarqawi wabulawa esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa ngu izindiza US. Kodwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ngisho namaqembu nobunye ngokwengeziwe Islamist e-Iraq. Ngesikhathi isinyathelo Al-Zarqawi sidalwe mujahideen shura Council, ngaphandle "ubudlelwane phakathi kokukodwa nokuningi futhi Jihad", ezazihlanganisa eziningi nezinye izinhlangano. Ngemva kokufa al-Zarqawi, kuzo zombili lezi 2006, kwathiwa kabusha njengoba Islamic State of Iraq (ISI). Futhi wenziwa ngaphandle kwemvume kubaholi ephakathi ye "Al-Qaeda." Kwaba le nhlangano esikhathini esizayo, ngemva ukusabalala umthelela wabo ingxenye yase-Aramu, seligcinwa LIH bese Islamic State.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngesikhathi ngithola US umsebenzi amasosha Iraq Islamists yazuza amandla amakhulu kunawo wonke ngo-2008. Bona elawulwa idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu e-Iraq - Mosul, futhi inhloko-dolobha yabo kwaba Baquba.

Ukugcwaliswa ukusebenza American e-Iraq

ULoti US ukulahleka Iraq iminyaka 10, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi impi eyathatha, futhi kuqiniswa eyisihlobo isimo kuleli zwe wenza sicabange mayelana nokwenzeka ukuhoxiswa amabutho ngezizwe Insimu isimo.

Ngo-2010, uMongameli omusha waseMelika uBarack Obama ngemvume isimemezelo ku Ukuhoxiswa abakhulu e-US amabutho ase-Iraq. Ngakho, abantu abayizinkulungwane 200 bafakwa ngalowo nyaka. Asele amabutho empi ayizinkulungwane 50 okwakulindeleke ukuba basize uhulumeni omusha wase-Iraq ukulawula isimo kuleli zwe. Kodwa nabo ngokwabo babengabaprofethi esifushane e-Iraq. Ngo-December 2011, lapho live abayizinkulungwane 50 asele wona ahoxiswa. E-Iraq, luhlala abeluleki lempi 200 kuphela, nobemele i-United States.

Ngakho, ngo-December 15, 2011 impi yase-Iraq i-amaMelika lwaphela ngokomthetho.

Ukulahlekelwa US Army

Manje ake sibone indlela amabutho amaningi US elahlekile Manpower futhi nezempi ngesikhathi ukusebenza e-Iraq, eyathatha cishe eyishumi.

International umfelandawonye amabutho abashonelwe ingqikithi amadoda 4804 wabulala ngaye 4423 babe US Army isosha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 31.942 baseMelika balimala lamadigri kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Lezi izibalo zihlanganisa kokubili ezindizeni zempi futhi okungezona ukulwa ukulahlekelwa.

Ukuze uqhathanise, phakathi nempi, ibutho Saddam Hussein njalo ilahlekelwe amashumi ezinkulungwane amasosha babulawa. Ukubala ukulahlekelwa labashokobezi ahlukahlukene, kwamaphekula nezinye izinhlangano eziye belwa womanyano, ukuze afeze engenakwenzeka.

Manje thina ukubala ukulahlekelwa ubuchwepheshe US e-Iraq. Phakathi nempi amaMelika elahlekile 80 onobuhle amathangi "Abrams". US ukulahlekelwa izindiza e-Iraq, nabo bebekhona abalulekile. 20 izindiza US badutshulwe phansi. zithinteka kakhulu imishini brand F-16 futhi F / A-18. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 86 US ezinophephela emhlane badutshulwe phansi.

Isimo emva ukudamba amabutho US

Ngemva ukuhoxiswa US amasosha e-Iraq, isimo usufinyelele. Bavusa amakhanda baqalaza, ziyingozi futhi amaphekula izinhlangano eziningi. Ezinethonya kunazo lezi kwaba Ukubuthelela LIH, okuyinto ke yashintsha igama layo ukuze "Islamic State", bathi ukuze zibe ngumlayo emhlabeni Muslim. Wazibekela alawula izindawo ezinkulu e-Iraq, futhi ngemva kokuqala kwempi yombango e Syria enwetshiwe umthelela wabo isimo.

Umsebenzi LIH wavusa ukukhathazeka yamazwe amaningi emhlabeni. Ukukhombisa ukuphikisana nalokhu sokusebenzisana entsha izinhlangano oholwa United States yasungulwa. Ukujoyina ekulweni zamaphekula Russia, Nokho, okuyinto, isebenza ngokuzimela. I engavamile of lo msebenzi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi oMfelandawonye eyenziwa emoyeni iziteleka kuphela eSyria nase-Iraq, kodwa aziphendukeli ukuphazamiseka eliwumhlaba. Nokho, phakathi namakhulu izenzo Allied izindawo ezazilawulwa namabutho ka isimo Islamic, ke yehlile kakhulu, inhlangano iqhubeka usongo olukhulu emhlabeni.

Nokho, zikhona nezinye amabutho eziningi eziphikisanayo, ukuphikisana phakathi okuyinto ungayeki emhlabeni zenzeka e-Iraq .. Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, njll Ngakho, US amabutho ahlulekile ukunikeza ukuthula ezinzile esifundeni. Sebehambile, futhi awenzi omunye imisebenzi esemqoka.

Lokho Okushiwo nemiphumela ayehlasela US Iraq

Mayelana bathethelele ayehlasela sokusebenzisana amabutho e-Iraq, kunemibono eminingi ephikisanayo. Kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi uyavuma ukuthi ngemva kwempi e-Iraq esifundeni isibe engazinzile okuningi, kanye izimfanelo ukuze unganyakazi ka isimo kuze kube manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi abavelele izibalo zezombusazwe owaba nengxenye isinqumo ukuba bahlasele Iraq, akushilo ukuthi impi yokulwa Hussein yiphutha. Ikakhulu, wathi inhloko yabangamashumi Commission ezimele Yophenyo, obeyiphini likaSihlalo Interior UNgqongqoshe Great Britain John Chilcot.

Yiqiniso, Saddam Hussein kwaba umashiqela ejwayelekile ngubani wacindezela ukuphikiswa esetshenziswa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu. Wabuye ngokuphindaphindiwe olwenziwa nolaka yalwa kwamanye amazwe. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe abaningi baye baphetha ngokuthi lowo izikhali etholakala Hussein ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi ayisasetshenziswa wamvumela ukuba enze emikhulu ezempi, njengoba kufakazelwa ukunqotshwa kuqhathaniswa ngokushesha Iraq njalo ibutho sokusebenzisana amabutho.

Futhi umbuso Hussein, ochwepheshe abaningi bayasiqaphela esingconywana, kuqhathaniswa nezinxushunxushu eliye laba kuyovama esifundeni ngemva kokugumbuqelwa yakhe, futhi usongo okwandayo kusukela Islamic State.