Isikhala Cosmonauts

Phakathi nokubusa Khrushchev eSoviet Union lakhunjulwa hhayi kuphela buthuntu futhi uhlobo olufanayo izindlu, ummbila kanye ncibilika. Kwakuphakathi nesikhathi uNikita Khrushchev waqala isikhala izingalo uhlanga phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili ayizikhondlakhondla wesikhathi: eSoviet Union ne-United States. Cosmonauts zaziwa kuwo wonke amagumbi nomhlaba ophucukile. Yibo labo aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala emkhathini, kanye nakwabanye abantu. Ukulwela ukukhipha isikhala buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile ukubangisana kwamasiko, ngemibono nezobuchwepheshe ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili, ngaleyo ndlela ekutadisheni yonke kwaba bemvelo lempi ezesayensi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nomphakathi.

Umuntu wokuqala ukuba Isikhala phezu nomjikelezo woMhlaba liye laziwa omhlaba namuhla Yu. A. Gagarin. Cosmonauts zazifana heroes odumile yeqhawe ngesiGreki. Babeba nesibindi, ethembekile futhi benesibindi. Baletha kakhulu ukunakwa, hhayi kumazwe kuphela, kodwa futhi phesheya. amazwi abo isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iya ngomlomo futhi kukhona kuveza enkulu isiko. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva ngendiza yokuqala kwi-space, Yuri Gagarin wavakashela emazweni angaphezu kuka amathathu futhi babehamba kakhulu eSoviet Union. Akumangazi, ngoba kwaba ubuso bakhe futhi igama babé uphawu wangempela banner waseSoviet Union njengenkolo ngowokuqala isikhala phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu, uzibophezele indiza bavimba emkhathini. Mashi 25, 1968, Cosmonaut Soviet iphahlazeka indiza phakathi ukuqeqeshwa sessions. Usuku ngokufa okudabukisayo uColonel Gagarin waba ukulila kazwelonke.

I Cosmonauts lokuqala ayengekho amadoda kuphela. Juni 16, 1963 uye emkhathini nowesifazane wokuqala - uValentina Tereshkova - umkhumbi "Vostok-6". ESoviet Union wayefuna ukuletha Cosmonaut ezimbili zesifazane ku-orbit, kodwa ekugcineni choice wawela phezu Tereshkova eyodwa nje. Ukukhethwa owesifazane wokuqala emkhathini kwenziwa njengoba ezinzima njengoba amadoda. Babefanele amalanga alitjhumi ekamelweni ngedwa, ukuze ondle ama-Amazing ngokomzimba sindisa kanye emazingeni okushisa, kanye uqeqesho parachute kunesidingo. Kuhle kokusho ukuthi choice uValentina Tereshkova zana, futhi esenziwa ekilasini kwaqala: kwakuvela umndeni elula zokusebenza kwekilasi, kuyilapho ezinye contender babevela imikhaya yezisebenzi.

cosmonautics Modern eRussia esikhathini yokujama tsi nabaphansi ngokuya US Uhlelo isikhala. izikhathi Cosmonauts sezenhlalo abadumile ezingaphezu kuka nozakwabo waseRussia. Lokhu kungenxa wokwehla izimali atshalwe ukuhlola umkhathi ezweni lethu. Ngo-2009, ukuthuthukiswa cosmonautics eRussia sasetshenziswa nje 2.8 bhiliyoni. Dollars, kuyilapho i-United States etshaliwe kulo mkhakha 48,8 amabhiliyoni. Dollars.

ososayensi Akwaziwa emkhakheni Astronautics, ezifana Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, uHermann Oberth noRobert Goddard - okufanayo isikhala namaqhawe. Cosmonauts ne-US osomkhathi cishe izithombe pop, kuyilapho ososayensi esikhulu ukhohlwe. Kodwa kwakungegazi Konstantin Tsiolkovsky wokuqala ohlongozwayo ukusetshenziswa rocket indiza emkhathini, futhi Hermann Oberth echazwe izimiso of indiza enjalo.

Kuze kube manje, i-astronaut kungaba cishe wonke umuntu. Isikhala ezokuvakasha ethuthuka ngendlela emangalisayo okusheshayo. Futhi uma yisifiso esilawulayo ukubona "ibhola blue" mathupha ungashiyi ikhanda lakho, udinga ukuthola impilo enhle, abayizigidi ezingu-63 zamaRandi ephaketheni lakho.