Ukuhlola umkhathi: umlando, izinkinga futhi impumelelo

Muva nje, isintu ongene enkulungwaneni yesithathu. Yini elindele nathi esikhathini esizayo? Ngokuqinisekile zikhona izinkinga eziningi ezidinga izinqumo ezibophayo. Ngokusho izibikezelo lososayensi, e 2050 inani labantu emhlabeni ngeke lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane 11 sibalo. Man. Futhi 94% ukwanda kuzoba emazweni asathuthuka, futhi% 6 kuphela emazweni anezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi lihambe kancane inqubo yokuguga, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa sempilo.

Lokhu kuholela inkinga entsha - yokuntuleka kokudla. Okwamanje, cishe isigamu kwabantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane belamba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bafa minyaka yonke engaba yizigidi ezingu-50. Ukuze ondle bhiliyoni 11 kuyodingeka 10-nesibaya nokwandisa umkhiqizo wokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla adingekayo ngenxa yokuphila bonke laba bantu. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni uphethiloli kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa isizinda. Ingabe iplanethi ukusekela umthwalo onjalo?

Futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nokungcoliswa imvelo. Nge Ukwenyuka kwesilinganiso zokukhiqiza akuyona mpilo kuphela izinsiza, kodwa futhi nokushintsha kwesimo kule planethi. Izimoto, izimboni zikagesi, amafektri ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana isamba-carbon dioxide ukuthi Isivuvu akakude. Nge ukwanda lokushisa Emhlabeni uzoqala encibilika izinguzunga zeqhwa kanye nekwenyuka kwemazinga amanzi olwandle. Konke lokhu umtselela longasimuhle kakhulu isimo somuntu. Kungase kuholele ngisho nasezinkingeni inhlekelele.

Lezi zinkinga kuzosiza ukuxazulula ukuhlola umkhathi. Cabanga ngalokhu. Kukhona ongasusa izitshalo ukuhlola Mars, iNyanga, ukuqoqa izinsiza namandla. Futhi konke kuyoba njani-movie ne-emakhasini yesayensi.

Amandla kusuka Space

Okwamanje ama-90% wawo onke amandla eliwumhlaba etholwe evutha fuel ekhaya amaziko, izinjini zezimoto kanye boilers izitshalo amandla. Njalo iminyaka engu-20, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kabili. Yeka ukuthi kuyinto enkulu yemithombo yemvelo ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zethu?

Ngokwesibonelo, amafutha efanayo? Ngokusho izibikezelo lososayensi, siyophela ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka, kangakanani has umlando ukuhlola umkhathi, okungukuthi 50. yamalahle izothatha iminyaka engu-100, futhi igesi ngo-40. By endleleni, amandla enuzi nayo ezihlobene imithombo exhaustible.

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi okunye inkinga ucwaningo amandla umiselwe ku-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, lapho ukusabela yasungulwa Fusion yenyukliya. Ngeshwa, kusenzima ongalawuleki. Kodwa ngisho noma singaze ufunde ukulawula it futhi uthole amandla eziningi angenamkhawulo, iyokuhola kuya okweqile planethi kanye engelapheki kwesimo sezulu. Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuphuma yalesi simo?

umkhakha Three-ntathu

Yiqiniso, lokhu ukuhlola isikhala. Kumele uphume, "mgudumbili" kule mboni, "unhlangothi-ntathu". Lokho, wonke amandla khudlwana yokukhiqiza isidingo kusuka ku surface eMhlabeni emkhathini. Kodwa okwamanje ukwenza kube kwezomnotho iphila. Izindleko zalesi amandla kuyoba izikhathi 200 ephakeme ukwedlula ugesi ezivezwa ukushisa eMhlabeni. Plus elikhulu imali ukumnika kuzodinga ukwakhiwa iziteshi ezinkulu isikhala. Ngokuvamile, udinga ulinde kuze kube yilapho isintu izothatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo ukuhlola umkhathi lapho imishini kuzokwenziwa ngcono futhi sinciphise izindleko zokwakha.

ilanga Igumbi

Kuwo wonke umlando abantu kule planethi wajabulela ehlatshwa imisebe yelanga. Nokho, isidingo akusiyo kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini. wayedinga ebusuku eside kakhulu: I-ukukhanyisa zezakhiwo, ezitaladini, izinkambu ngesikhathi umsebenzi wezolimo (sokuhlwanyela, ukuvunwa), njll Futhi enyakatho ekude ilanga aliveli emkhathizwe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kungenzeka yini ukwandisa amahora emini? Liqiniseke kangakanani ukudalwa i ilanga wokufakelwa? kwentuthuko Zanamuhla e ukuhlola umkhathi wenza lo msebenzi ngempela asebenzayo. Engingakusho nje ukubeka emzileni iplanethi ithuluzi ofanele ibonisa ukukhanya Emhlabeni. Kulokhu, umfutho kungashintshwa.

Ubani owasungula le kugqame?

Singasho ukuthi umlando ukuhlola umkhathi waqala eJalimane nomqondo yokudala reflectors ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, ehlongozwayo ngu engineer German Hermann Oberth ngo-1929. Ukuthuthukiswa Its okwengeziwe kwasuka umsebenzi usosayensi Eric Kraft-US. Manje AmaMelika buseduze kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ukuqaliswa le phrojekthi.

Ikhipha le kugqame uhlaka lapho sisalokhu polymeric metallized ifilimu, sibonakalisa imisebe eyingozi evela elangeni. I isiqondiso yokucucuza elikhanyayo oyokwenziwa Kuphakathi kokuthi ovela Earth, noma ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvumelana Uhlelo pre-echaziwe.

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project

US bathuthuke sina kutsi kwehlwaywe isikhala basondelene kakhulu kule phrojekthi. Manje, ochwepheshe American zihlola kungenzeka ukubeka emzileni satellites ekubeni. Bayoba ngqo phezu eNyakatho neMelika. 16 yokusetha kugqame izibuko uyozinika imini amahora ama-2. reflectors ababili uhlela ukuthumela Alaska, lapho kuzokhulisa imini amahora by kakhulu ngendlela 3 amahora. Uma usebenzisa i-satellite-reflectors ukwelulwa usuku emizini emikhulu, izonikeza nabo high ukukhanyisa shadowless emigwaqweni, imigwaqo emikhulu, izakhiwo, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile kuzuzisa kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono.

Reflectors eRussia

Ngokwesibonelo, uma isembozo isikhala imizi emihlanu yobukhulu alinganayo e Moscow, sibonga izindleko ukonga ugesi kuyovuzwa kweminyaka engaba ngu-4-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo-kugqame iziphuphutheki ngaphandle izindleko ezengeziwe ungashintsha ngokwenzeka kwelinye iqembu emadolobheni. Indlela ukuhlanza emoyeni, uma amandla luyofika kusuka amandla Smoky, kodwa kuvela emkhathini! Inkinga kuphela ukugcwaliseka kwale phrojekthi ezweni lethu - kuba yokuntuleka kwezimali. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa isikhala Russian iza hhayi njengawe singathanda.

izitshalo ezisemkhathini

Sekuyisikhathi engaphezu kwengu-300 kusukela kwatholakala E. Torricelli cleaner. Kuye nendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe. Phela, ngaphandle kokuqonda nokwakheka cleaner ngeke kwenzeke ukudala electronics noma yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Kodwa konke lokhu kungokwalabo umkhakha emhlabeni. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi amathuba ngeke cleaner Kulezo zimo, njengoba ukuhlola umkhathi. Kungani ningezanga emthaleni ukukhonza abantu, ukwakha izimboni lapho? Bayoba endaweni ehluke ngokuphelele, esikhaleni nje, ongaphakeme-lokushisa, ephezulu ugesi emisebeni yelanga, futhi weightlessness.

Manje kunzima ukuqaphela izinzuzo zalezi zici nezinye, kodwa singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi nje has amathemba kumnandi futhi isihloko "Development ngokusebenzisa isikhala ukwakhiwa ezakuleyo" liba efanele kunanini ngaphambili. Uma ilanga imisebe bagxila by nesibuko parabolic, ukuthi kungenziwa ashiselwe izingxenye ezenziwe titanium Alloys, insimbi engagqwali nabanye. Lapho encibilika metal ngaphansi kwezimo eliwumhlaba ehlatshwa amanyela. A nqubo ngokuya kudingekile ultrapure izinto. Uyithola kanjani kubo? Ungakwazi "hang" insimbi e kazibuthe. Uma isisindo salo sikhulu esincane ke kulo mkhakha uzayilondoloza. I metal kungenzeka elicibilikile by odlula therethrough high ifrikhwensi.

Ngo microgravity izinto kungaba ancibilike iyiphi nobukhulu. Asidingi ningaboni simo noma crucibles ekusakazeni. Kukhona akunasidingo ukugaya eyalandela ezipholisha. A materials ukuncibilika kuyoba Ohhavini noma ezivamile noma welanga. I cleaner kungaba kwenziwe "Welding abandayo": ezinhle uphunyukile okudingeka zihlanganiswe metal evele yakha compounds asishintshi neze.

Ezimweni eliwumhlaba asikwazi ukwenziwa ngaphandle Semiconductor zinhlayiya ukukhubazeka esikhulu kunganciphisa izinga chips wenza kuzo namadivayisi. Ngenxa weightlessness kanye cleaner bengathola zinhlayiya ne izakhiwo oyifunayo.

Imizamo liqalise imibono

Izinyathelo kuqala ekuqalisweni kwalezi imibono eziye zenziwa in the 80s, lapho ukuhlola isikhala eU.SSR kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Ngo-1985, onjiniyela umkhankaso satellite ku-orbit. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, uyobe babuyele amasampula Umhlaba materials. ukuqalisa enjalo yaba isenzakalo saminyaka yonke.

Ngawo lowo nyaka iphrojekthi "Ubuchwepheshe" yasungulwa ngawo "Khonzani" NGO. ukwakhiwa kuhlelwe isikhala imoto isisindo amathani 20 Isisindo amathani 100 zezitshalo. Idivayisi enikeziwe nge amaphilisi ballistic, okuyinto ngabe senziwa ukuletha imikhiqizo Emhlabeni. Iphrojekthi neze igcwaliseke. Ungase ubuze: kungani? Lokhu kuyinkinga esezingeni ukuhlola umkhathi - yokuntuleka kwezimali. Kuyinto efanele esikhathini sethu.

isikhala nemizana

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kwafika kumnandi indaba K. E. Tsiolkovskogo "Ngale Earth". Kuyo, uchaza Galactic nemizana kuqala. Okwamanje, uma kukhona impumelelo ethile e ukuhlola umkhathi, kungenzeka ukuba bangenele kwalolu hlelo kumnandi.

Ngo-1974, i-onguprofesa wezinto zemvelo eYunivesithi yasePrinceton Gerard O'Neill yasungulwa futhi ishicilelwe iphrojekthi yokuba ikoloni emthaleni. Wasikisela ukubeka emkhathini amakoloni libration iphuzu (indawo lapho amandla Luhambo weLanga, Moon Nomhlaba nxephezela nomunye). Lezi amadolobha sonke isikhathi kuyoba endaweni eyodwa.

O ^'uNeil wathi ukuthi 2074 iningi labantu izoya emkhathini futhi kuyodingeka ukudla namandla angenamkhawulo imithombo. Umhlaba uyoba epaki elikhulu, mahhala umkhakha, lapho ungakwazi ukuchitha iholide lakho.

Model Colony O ^'Neal

Unokuthula ukuhlola umkhathi UProfesa uhlongoza ukuqala ukwakhiwa imodeli imitha-100 engaba. Kulesi sakhiwo angazamukela abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-10. Umsebenzi oyinhloko imizana - ukwakhiwa imodeli esilandelayo, okufanele izikhathi 10 okukhulu. Ububanzi yokunyamalala kwezinyosi eziyizisebenzi elilandelayo lakhuphuka lafika ku-6-7 km, nobude luyanda 20.

Esikhathini wezesayensi emhlabeni project O ^'Neal namanje mpikiswano esishubile. Esikhathini amakoloni, kwabantu labantu inikezwa kubo imayelana kuyafana emizini umhlaba. Futhi lokhu impela eningi! Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi ngempelasonto hhayi ungathola khona edolobheni. Amapaki ukuvala bambalwa kakhulu abantu abafuna uphumule. Lokhu kungaba neze kuqhathaniswa izimo zokuphila emhlabeni. Futhi kulezi izindawo wayiswa kuthiwa izinto ezaziphathelene kwedivayisi ngokwengqondo wamgwaza ukushintsha izindawo? Ingabe abantu bafuna ukuphila lapho? Bekungeke yini isikhala nemizana izihlalo ukusakaza izinhlekelele emhlabeni wonke futhi izingxabano? Zonke lezi mibuzo ahlale evulekile.

isiphetho

Ekujuleni sonozungezilanga ifakwe abaningi impahla kanye energy imithombo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa isikhala kobuntu okumelwe manje kuze kuqala. Phela, uma yimpumelelo, izinsiza wathola uyokhonza abantu.

Nakuba ukuhlola umkhathi uthatha izinyathelo zayo zokuqala kulesi siqondiso. Singasho ukuthi uya umntwana, kodwa ngesikhathi isingumuntu omdala. Inkinga eyinhloko ukuhlola umkhathi - akusiwona yokuntuleka imibono, kodwa ngenxa yokuntula izimali. Kuyadingeka omkhulu nezinto zethu ezibonakalayo. Kodwa uma eziqhathanisa izindleko izikhali, lemali akuyona omkhulu kangaka. Ngokwesibonelo, nokwehla emhlabeni izindleko zempi ngo-50% kuzokwenza eminyakeni embalwa ezayo ukuya mikhankaso Mars ezintathu.

Esikhathini sethu, isintu benamandla umqondo ubunye emhlabeni futhi lokuhlola izinto eziza kuqala ekuthuthukisweni. Isikhala kuyoba uphawu wokubambisana. Kungcono ukwakha izitshalo on Mars kanye Moon, ngokuletha le mihlomulo bonke abantu, lokho kwandisa kakhulu ususuthi kakade umthamo yenuzi yomhlaba wonke. Kunabantu abathi ukuthi ukuhlola umkhathi ungase ulinde. Ngokuvamile ososayensi aphendule kubo kanje: "Yebo-ke ungakwenza, ngokuba yonke liyohlala phakade, silapha, ngeshwa, akukho."