Iziqhumane emehlweni: izimbangela, izimpawu

Ukukhanya emehlweni - lokhu kungenye yezibonakaliso ezibalulekile, okubonisa ukwephulwa kwe- retina. Lesi senzakalo semithi sibizwa ngokuthi i-photopsy. I-retina iso likwazi ukukhiqiza izimpikiswano zesisindo futhi zidlulisele ebuchosheni, ngaleyo ndlela zenze isithombe esibukwayo. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani i-flash enyangeni ngezinye izikhathi ihambisana nosizi, ubuhlungu be-spasmodic ekhanda nokunciphisa umsebenzi obukwayo. Ake sizame ukuqonda izizathu zokuvela kwalezi zimpawu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sizocabangela ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nazo.

Yini engabangela ukuqhuma?

Ake sicabangele izizathu ezingenzeka kakhulu zokutholakala kwezifo ezinjalo. Ukukhanya emehlweni kungase kubonakale ezimweni ezinjalo:

• Izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezivela emzimbeni we- vitreous iso. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-retinitis.
• Ukubonakala kwesifo esibucayi ku-retina.
• Izitho zangasese zeso, ukuhlinzeka ngegazi ku-retina iso, zivutha. Lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi i-choroiditis.
• I-nertic optic iyavutha futhi iholela ekuthuthukiseni kwesifo okuthiwa i-neuritis.
• Iqoqo lokutakula.

Ukubonakaliswa okunjengokukhanya emehlweni akubanga nomthelela omubi kwimisebenzi ebukwayo. Kodwa lesi sibonakaliso asikwazi ukunakwa, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esibi kungase kufihle ngemuva kwayo. Ukuvimbela izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka kwi-retina, nezinye izinkinga emsebenzini wesiboniso, kubalulekile ukudlulisa ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi ngokuvakashela igumbi le-ophthalmology.

Kunezinye izinhlobo zezifo lapho kukhanya khona noma kuqhuma. Lokhu kufaka:

• Sikashukela.
• U-osteochondrosis wesibeletho.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ophansi.
• I-anemia.
• Ukuphuma kwangaphakathi.
• Ubuthi nge-toxin.
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda.
• Ukunyuka kwengcindezi engavamile.

Izindlela zokuxilongwa

Uma umuntu enesihluku emehlweni, i-oculist ingasungula imbangela yalokho okwenzekayo. Lokhu kuzodinga izinyathelo eziningi zokuhlola:

• Ophthalmoscopy. Ngosizo lwezinto ezikhethekile (fundus lens, ophthalmoscope), udokotela uhlola i- fundus futhi uhlola isimo se-retina, i- optic dis kanye nezitsha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwe-eyeball. Ukutadisha okunjalo kuyadingeka uma umphumela ekuhlolweni kokuqala okwanele.
• Ihlola ukubonakala okubonakalayo.

• Ukubambisana kwe-tomography (OCT). Lolu cwaningo luvumela indlela engeyona yokuxhumana ukucabangela ngeso lengqondo izakhiwo zamehlo kusixazululo esiphezulu (1-microns 1-15) kunokuba ne-ultrasound.
• I-Electrotonography. Ukuhlola ukucindezeleka kweso.
• I-Angiography i-fluorescent. Ucwaningo lwe-X ray, ongabheka isimo sesistimu ebhodini le-eyeball.
• I-Perimetry. Le ndlela yokuphenya yenza kube lula ukunquma imingcele yezinkambu ezibukwayo nokubona amaphutha okungenzeka.

Isibalo

Kuye ngesifo, izinhlansi, izindawo ezikhanyayo kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo emehlweni kungase kuvele. Izimbangela zezimo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukusungula i-ophthalmologist.

Ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu kungenzeka ngemuva komsebenzi omude ekhompyutheni, ngokukhathala kwamehlo, ngokucindezeleka kwesimo sezinto ezibukwayo. Ama-spark angashintsha ekukhanyeni nombala. Ngokuvamile banesimo sokukhanya okukhanyayo, okukhanyayo nokukhanyisa, okuvimbela umuntu ukuba ahlole into. Ngamehlo angabilisa izithombe ezingekho khona ezithathwe yi-system ebonakalayo enkonzweni yomsebenzi noma eminye imisebenzi. Lezi zici zihlobene nomsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa.

Ukuphela kwezinzwa ebusweni be-eye kubhekene nemisebenzi eminingi yemibono. Uma izinkinga zenzeka kulesi simiso, ukukhanya emehlweni kungase kuvele. Izimpawu azikwazi ukunakwa, ngoba ngokuvamile zifihla ingozi enkulu yezempilo.

Izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-pathology

Izindlela zokwelashwa zixhomeke ngokuphelele kwizimbangela ezibangele ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Ukuze usungulwe ukuxilongwa, kuzodingeka uthintane no-ophthalmologist. Ezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana ne-oncology, ukuhlolwa kwamanye ochwepheshe kuyadingeka.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ngendlela yokusebenza kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

• Ukususwa kwe-pathology nge-laser. Izindawo ezithintekayo ze-retina zithinteka kakhulu nge-laser beam. Kodwa le ndlela yokwelashwa isetshenziswa kakhulu kangako, ngoba ayiqondakali kahle.
• Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Le ndlela isusa i-vitreous yeso futhi isisuse ngesisombululo esikhethekile. Le ndlela yokwelapha isetshenziselwa izimo ezingavamile, ngoba ingaholela embuthanini we-retina, okubangelwa ukugaya amanzi kanye ne-clouding ye-lens.

Uma ukuqhuma kwamehlo akuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezinzulu, kusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ezihloswe ngokujwayelekile ukwenza izinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokuqeda izimpawu ngendlela yokwehlisela kanye namafutha.

1. Ukuqinisa izitsha zamehlo, sebenzisa i- "Emoxipin" 1%. Umuthi wenzelwe ukuvikela i-vitreous yeso emiphumeleni emibi yemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Futhi, lesi sidakamizwa sinciphisa amathuba okugaya igazi, kusiza ukugcizelela ukujikelezwa kohlobo olusetshenziselwa umzimba.
2. Inqubo yokuvuvukala ingasuswa ngosizo lwe "Wobenzima". Lo muthi unomphumela we-analgesic, ubeka ngokujwayelekile isakhiwo segazi, unikeza ukudla okunomsoco emaqenjini.

Uma imbangela yokugqashuka yi- detinal detectment, sebenzisa indlela ye-laser coagulation nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ngezinqubo zokuvuvukala, udokotela angakwazi ukumisela ama-antibacterial agents kanye nama-corticosteroids. Uma lesi sifo singokwemvelo, kuyodingeka ukuthi ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Izimbangela zokubonakala kwezifo ezinjalo njengeziqhumane emehlweni, okuningi, ngakho-ke indlela kuphela yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo, yisikhawulelo esifike ngesikhathi oculist. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuvimbela kulokhu akuhlinzekiwe.

Kufanele ngihambe nini ku-oculist?

Ukuvakashela ophthalmologist akukwazi ukugwema uma kunezinkinga ezinjalo:

1. Ukuqubuka kukhanya futhi kude isikhathi eside, futhi ukubukeka kwabo kwaqala ngemva kokulimala ikhanda.
2. Uma izinhlansi nezindawo ezikhanyayo zandulela isimo esandulele.
3. Uma ukuqubuka kuyeningi futhi kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu.
4. Uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela noma isifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngakho-ke ngokumelene nesizinda salezi zifo, ukulimala kwesakhiwo kweso kungase kwenzeke, okuba yimbangela ye-glare ne-flare-ups.

Ingozi yokuvakashelwa udokotela ngokungapheli kuyingozi yokwesaba.