Donato Bramante - wezakhiwo esivelele Italian Renaissance

Donato Di Paskuchchi d'Antonio (1444-1514), eyaziwa ngokuthi Bramante kungokwalabo amakhosi amakhulu Renaissance. Wazalelwa phansi kwelanga egqamile futhi isibhakabhaka siluhlaza e-Italy, nabangani engakhula naye ezikhumbuzo engcono endala, baqamba hhayi kuphela imisebenzi emikhulu yobuciko, futhi enkathini zomlando lonke.

Ukuqala lokusungula

Donato, owakhulela emkhayeni ompofu ku Duchy of Urbino, eqala ukutadisha umdwebo bese baphumelele fashion ngaleso mural sikhathi, okuyinto kudala inkohliso isikhala esengeziwe. Kodwa njengoba ingane, ngokusho umbhali wemilando yokuphila kwabantu bakhe Dzhordzho Vazari, yayinesithakazelo geometry wenze izibalo ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo.

Naphezu ukuthandwa Donato Bramante, yomlando wakhe ikude ephelele. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana neminyaka yokuqala umakhi uyindlala, kodwa siyazi ukuthi wahamba kakhulu, enza oda ingane Urbino, Bergamo, Mantua, Florence nakwamanye amadolobha Italy. Umphumela main yalezi Ukuzula bathola nolwazi ukuthi aye amiswa ngesikhathi ukusebenza nje kuphela, kodwa nazo zathonywa emihlanganweni amakhosi esivelele saleso sikhathi.

Ngo kwesiyingi enkulu

Ukudala wathonywa Bramante abadumile abaklami abadwebi kanye Okugweda-Italy: Filippo Brunelleschi, Ercole de 'Roberti, Andrea Mantegna nabanye. Kumqoka kakhulu Donato umhlangano uLeonardo da Vinci, ayesebenzelana nabo elibumbene. Kodwa kwathi kamuva lapho Bramante isibe master wavuma. Bekanye Leonardo, wasebenza phezu yezakhiwo nezindaba lantern design - ekhethekile isengezo Dome zezakhiwo okuyinto ukufeza umsebenzi zokuhlobisa hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi wakhonza ukukhanya komoya.

Umdwebo amakilasi

Isikhathi sokuqala umsebenzi umdwebi sika kuye kwahlotshaniswa imidwebo, nakuba ngisho ke Bramante kwenza imidwebo imidwebo amanxiwa asendulo futhi usondela imidwebo imidwebo zezakhiwo.

Le midwebo, onguyena kuphela osaphila yi master iyona "Khristu kwekholomu" - yokudweba zokhuni ku Abbey Chiaravalle, eduze Milan. Umdwebi wakwazi ukwakha isithombe namaqiniso kakhulu futhi kuyishwa ukuthi umbukeli kunomthelela ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo. Ukudweba ngokwayo ubonisa esingokwemvelo Donato Bramante amasu kwezobuciko - ngokudala inkohliso isikhala enkulu.

Umhlobiso Interiors idonse njalo Donato ezingaphezu kuka indaba umdwebo bese amasu nendlela yakhe ka yezakhiwo isikhala sithombe luwuthinte umsebenzi abaculi Italian efana Ambrogio Bergognone, Bernardo Dzenale nabanye.

Kodwa lwaya nge izakhiwo kwakhe kwathuthuka, futhi kule minyaka engu-80 ye-master wazinikela ngokuphelele kule ndawo. Cardinal Ascanio Sforza yabhekisela Donato Bramante, omisebenzi yakhe baye baba aziwayo, futhi wammema ukuba Milan.

Church of Santa Maria presso San Ihlaya

Lesi yisihloko sokuqala self-ezakhiwe Bramante ngokuphelele. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-XI, kodwa eyinhloko ngokuphelele kabusha kuhlelwe futhi kabusha indlu, ukudala iphrojekthi wenza ukwakhiwa entsha, kanye abadumile Giovanni Amadeo.

Ibandla lakhiwa isiko ekuqaleni Florentine Renaissance, Nokho, izitayela ezintsha isiyabonakala kakade, kanye Lyubov Donato Bramante ukuba izakhiwo lasendulo.

Ingaphakathi isonto, ikakhulukazi Sanskrit (endaweni e-altare, elibamba izingubo wabapristi izinto), futhi okungewakho Bramante. Kukhona ngokucacile ngendlela ebonakalayo umdwebi, onguchwepheshe mdwebo ingaphakathi. Ukungabi isikhala ayivunyelwe ukwenza esontweni emakhorasi egcwele, futhi umakhi idale izindlela yokudweba inkohliso isikhala esithe xaxa futhi afinyelela ngoma kwenye izindonga.

Kakade ekuklanyweni umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yezakhiwo Donato wazibonakalisa umklami kakhulu.

Church of Santa Maria delle grazie

UnguBaba kungokwalabo sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu we-Italian Renaissance. Ekuqaleni, ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo ngokuhambisana izimiso Gothic, kodwa Bramante ezenziwe bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo, izinguquko ezinkulu, ezifana Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba kathathu kanye kuvulandi nge amakholomu isitayela laseKorinte. Ezinjalo ezingalindelekile isakhiwo anezele Gothic senze lokhu isonto ukwakhiwa yezakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngokuphelele.

I msebenzi yabonisa umphakathi amakhosi emibili emikhulu kunayo yonke-Italian Renaissance. ULeonardo da Vinci ngesineke phezu emnyango medallion isonto esibonisa Madonna. Futhi ngiqaphela ube ngumsizi wabaningi, uyisicukuthwane eceleni Virgin Mary ibekwe sibalo Lodoviko Sfortsa nomkakhe.

Isikhathi ongumRoma lokusungula

Ngo-September 1499, amasosha French matasa Milan, futhi Bramante baya eRoma, lapho uPapa uJulius II wammisa esikhundleni sokuba nomklami oyinhloko of the Vatican.

Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweNdikimba Donato Bramante eyakhelwe Arcade amasonto amaningana, kwakha egcekeni elikhulu Belvedere Isigodlo Kanchelleriya silungiselela, uhlanganyela ukwakhiwa lwesigodlo inkantolo futhi ekuklanyweni Basilica St kaPetru. Kodwa inani lakhe lokusungula akuzona lezi zakhiwo ezinkulu, futhi indlwana yesikhumbuzo.

Tempetto e San Pietro e Montorio

Lokhu Rotunda encane isiyingi, wakha lapho wabethelwa esiphambanweni Apostol Petr, njengelinye lamazwe okudaliwe engcono zidalwe ku Renaissance abaklami Italy.

Tempetto ivumelane kakhulu futhi, omunye angase athi, Luhle kusukela umbono yefomu yezakhiwo. Ngeshwa, ngenxa narrowness legceke Dominican sezindela isithombe Chapel e ubheka izinto ngombono ofanele kunzima, ngakho asikho isithombe akusho adlulisele ubuhle bayo.

Ingaphakathi Rotunda kwakwenziwa ngokungemthetho ngo Bramante phrojekthi. Lapha, nika play okugcwele ithalente lakhe futhi umakhi kanye nokudweba.

Donato Bramante wafa Apreli 11, 1514 eRoma, futhi anginaso isikhathi ukuqedela umsebenzi wokuvelela cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe - iphrojekthi ye Basilica St kaPetru. Indima lo mculi esele ku-ukuthuthukiswa Renaissance izakhiwo akuyona ayibalulekile kunalokho okomnikelo uLeonardo da Vinci Raphael in umdwebo bese ematsheni ngu Michelangelo.