Architecture Yenguquko

Ekuqaleni kwawo-15-16 eminyaka e-Europe kwakukhona uhlelo izakhiwo entsha ngokuphelele - Renaissance isitayela. Ngenye indlela, njengoba wazi, ngalesi sikhathi - Yempucuko. Umklamo walesi sikhathi ushintsho futhi sithuthukise ngenxa nokuhlanganiswa kanye nethonya mutual ngamasiko endawo kanye izitayela ezintsha ukuthi zivela ngaphandle. Renaissance - ke Liyindawo izinguquko eziphawulekayo hhayi kuphela art kodwa futhi emkhakheni wezomnotho nezenhlalakahle cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Lokhu kubangelwe ukuthi akusabhekwa emkhakheni kuyo imizila yohwebo, ukwakheka izikhungo ezintsha zezimboni kanye ukuhweba ngenxa kokutholakala zwekazi American, ukuqiniswa kwethonya Turkish emazweni aseBalkan, izinguquko ezinqala isiko kanye yekuphila.

Phakathi Renaissance, ke siye sanwetshwa kakhulu nolwazi elijulile zomhlaba, sesikhokhelwe ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze indima yomuntu emhlabeni nasemphakathini. Indoda enhle manje - zifundisa, umuntu ngokwenyama nginenhliziyo ngubani, uma kunesidingo, uyakwazi ngokuqiniseka baphakamise emalungelo ato, ushintsho futhi sithuthukise jikelele. Kwavela futhi waqala ukuqinisa isigaba esisha - onxiwankulu, okuyinto ezama ukudala futhi liqalise imibono yokungabi nandaba kwabo. Thuthukisa ohlangothini olusha ngokuphelele isayensi, ubuciko, izincwadi, ifilosofi, yebo, ubungcweti. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, abantu bacasulwa efeni lasendulo, echaza igagasi isithakazelo futhi kuya wakudala futhi izakhiwo.

Ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa art medieval nobuhle ukwakhiwa imishini Renaissance izakhiwo kanye ukuthuthukiswa ezihambisana nokwenziwa ngcono kwe-ubuciko kwakungeke kwenzeke. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka iye yaba nethonya elinamandla kakhulu izakhiwo WaseByzantium futhi ukuhlela zasemadolobheni, okuyinto nazo zaba neqhaza Renaissance izakhiwo. Ngokungangabazeki, nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu Renaissance kwakusho i, isigaba esisha ngokuphelele kwahlukana ngokuphelele yentuthuko bokwakha emhlabeni. Okuphawulekayo kwaba ukwanda izinga ubunjiniyela wokuziphilisa futhi civil, amathempeli namasonto nabo baqala sehluke. Uyokwanelisa isifiso sabo abaklami abasebenza 15-16 leminyaka, ukwakhiwa eqondile endleleni ukulandela amafomu lasendulo namasu obonakaliswe kabusha izakhi zokuhlobisa futhi ugunyaza-zimali.

Umklamo Yenguquko besihambisana nesiminyaminya eqondile, inhlanganisela ezifundweni ilungile futhi imininingwane ukwakhiwa kanye olinganise, njengoba kwakunjalo ezikhathini zasendulo. Esikhathini ekuqaleni Renaissance imihlobiso zokuhlobisa kanye imihlobiso Ornamental iye yafeza indima ebalulekile kakhulu, kodwa Renaissance maphakathi kanye sekwephuzile, indima kulezi zingxenye kuyehla.

Umklamo Yenguquko engazange asungule nombala kuwo wonke amazwe, ngisho e-Italy - kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi enyakatho naseningizimu ye isimo. Okungukuthi - e Venice, nase yonke ingxenye esenyakatho yezwe indima amasu zokuhlobisa ebezinkulu kakhulu.

Kuwo wonke amazwe e-Europe kwadingeka izici zayo siqu kanye izici of ukwakhiwa. Nokho, ungakwazi ukulandelela kanye ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, ayenqaba izisekelo zamatshe izidumbu design Gothic futhi preference we uhlelo olusha kwesakhiwo - elula, batjhuguluka lula, ukonga ngisho kusiza umsebenzi wezakhiwo. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingelezini sezulu kanye isitini izindonga (cross, torispherical, ngomkhumbi, yafakwa, futhi Dome eyindilinga) usebenzisa izakhi isikhashana esinqunyiwe lokhuni ugongolo Uphahla lwangaphakathi izibuya ezakhiwe, imishayo e uphahla luthi ukutsheka. Ukuze ebhekene izitini esetshenziswa ukhonkolo, imifekethiso, itshe. Lokhu ulwelwesi kwadingeka ubuciko kanye nenani plastic. Futhi indlela lokubuka ubuhle bendawo nokubingelela imihlobiso imihlobiso kusukela ekuqaleni kwakuvamile ukuba cishe kuwo wonke amazwe.

Renaissance izakhiwo kusho ukwakha izakhiwo ezinhle futhi zisebenza hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi akunika ukubaluleka kumbhali - master umculi ubani unobuntu obuhlukile. Emlandweni wezwe Renaissance izakhiwo phakade elalibhalwe amagama amakhosi amakhulu - Bramante, Alberti, Brunelleschi, Bramonte, Delorme, Michelangelo, Herrera, Jones.