Umlando Islam and the Prophet Muhammad

Emhlabeni engu-570 kuleli dolobha Mecca, esemgwaqweni Njengoba usendaweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe Arabia yesimanje, wazalwa umfana, okuthiwa Muhammad, owayezoba lomprofethi omunye ezintathu izinkolo zomhlaba. Kwaba naye futhi waqala umlando Islam.

Umndeni wakhe kwakungekaNkulunkulu umndeni Quraysh, owabe laliwumuzi enamandla kakhulu bomdabu. Abazali Muhammad ushone ekuseni kakhulu: Abdullah Abdul-Muttalib bafa phambi kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, yena, nonina, u-Amina - emva eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, uyintandane ezikhuliswa umkhulu wakhe, owayengomunye inhloko yabangamashumi Hashemites bohlobo. Ngu isiko, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyidolobha Muhammad encane wanika kweminyaka embalwa emndenini zamaBedouin ukuthi iye yaba nendima enkulu ngokwanele e nekusasa layo. Ngoba kukhona aluthola enjalo izimfanelo zomuntu obaluleke njengoba nesineke, ukukhuthazela, amandla, ukuzitika uthando ngabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafunda ngobugagu futhi sathandana ngolimi ocebile futhi bayaxoxa, ezithandayo ukuze yi-Arab Bedouins.

Lapho Prophet Muhammad engu-20 ubudala, wazihlanganisa umthengisi lo mfelokazi Khadija, kamuva washada. Bona-ke wayenamadodakazi amane, namadodana akhe amabili afike ashonela khona ngemuva kokubelethwa. Phakathi nale minyaka, uMprofethi uhambo okuningi emhlabeni wonke futhi indawo yakhe ayeyithanda kwakungu emhumeni oseduze eMecca, lapho kwakudingeka yakhe yokuqala izenzakalo ezinkulu Islam. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho wahlala futhi bazindle emhumeni, yena waba izwi ingelosi Dzhibriilya, ngawo umyalo ka Muhammad washo la mazwi ukuthi kukhona okwamanje amavesi okuqala amahlanu Surah 96 Qur'an oNgcwele.

Ekuqaleni, Muhammad wabelane ngale ndaba kuphela umkakhe nabangane bakhe abaseduze, kodwa kamuva, lapho ethuma phansi vulamehlo entsha, okuyinto wamemezela ubunye Nkulunkulu, inani abalandeli bakhe simsebenzela. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-kokubili elula nezigqila abampofu, khona ephezulu Mecca. Lezizambulo futhi babe yingxenye incwadi engcwele amaSulumane - ngobunyoninco.

Kodwa-ke kufanele ukuthi abaningi lalingasamukeli lesi inkolo. Kwakumelwe amaqaba, labo abakholwa egameni onkulunkulu abaningi. Ngo Islam, kunalokho, inkosi kwaba inkolelo yokuthi munye uNkulunkulu, ngubani okukhethekile kanye kuphela. Nokho, leli qiniso liye kuphela kwagcizelela Muhammad ukuqaphela ukuthi inkolo yakhe uhlukile futhi ihluke kakhulu kwethi ebuqabeni.

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana wokushumayela Muhammad nabalandeli bakhe babeyizitha eziningi, edelelwa futhi ahlukunyezwe abalandeli Islam. Lapho 622 uMprofethi esephawula yokuzama kuhlelwe ukuphila kwakhe, wanquma ukuhamba nabangane bakhe e Yarsib, esagcina uqambe kabusha Medina. Nge lesi sehlakalo, othiwa Hegira, has ivelaphi emlandweni Islam.

Ngo Medina, kwakukhona ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha nokusakazeka kwezindaba inkolo yamaSulumane, Islam uye ukungena izizwe eziningi elilwayo futhi ukubahlanganisa. abasekeli Muhammad nakakhulu, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana waya Imithetho Medina, owabheka Muhammad ungumprofethi kaNkulunkulu, bakha olulodwa futhi umphakathi letimele - Muslim Ummah.

Prophet Muhammad washona ngo-June 8632, ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside. Ukufa kwakhe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu for Muslims, bacabanga ukuthi usizi kube. Phela, ovamile kusukela Mecca wayengeyena nje umngane omkhulu futhi umbusi omkhulu: yasitshela lo emhlabeni imfundiso enkulu ukuthi kulandelwa izigidi zabantu amakhulu eminyaka amaningi zilandelana.

Nokho, asikwazi ukuthi kokufa Prophet wayeka noma wayeka ukuthuthukiswa Islam emhlabeni. Esikhathini esizayo, umlando Islam wayazi nabanye abaholi abaningi futhi emirs, ababedlala umsebenzi oyinhloko inkolo yabo - Qur'an oNgcwele umbiko isintu.

Umlando Islam in laseRussia laqala ngekhulu VI-VII, lapho phakathi ukunwetshwa Arab sompristi, Islam singene ku-North eCaucasus. Kusuka lapho, khona-ke lasakazekela iVolga yinkolo eyinhloko Golden zidlamlilo, Astrakhan futhi Kazan Khanate. Namhlanje, Islam yiyona inkolo ngobukhulu e-Russia. AmaSulumane ezakha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi AmaTatar, Isi-Chuvash, Bashkirs futhi izizwe North eCaucasus.
Kusukela ekuqaleni umlando Islam ababengalazi okuhle nokubi, nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, kodwa yinye into ngokuqinisekile: sibonga the Prophet Muhammad abantu abaningi babo bonke ubudala izizwe, Islam uye waba isibonelo ngokuziphatha futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila.