Umlingisi Fyodor volkov: Biography, lokusungula

Yayibizwa ngomuntu "injini kokuphila komphakathi", lo "uyise yaseshashalazini isiRashiya," futhi igama lakhe liphakanyisiwe belingana M. V Lomonosovym.

Biography Fedora Volkova

Fedor Grigorevich volkov wazalwa ngo edolobheni elincane Kostroma esifundeni. Yena uvela emndenini yomthengisi. Ubaba umlingisi esizayo kwase wafa eseneminyaka iseyingane. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, unina (Marya Yakovlevna) ngokushesha batholana umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo futhi eseshadile futhi, ngemva kwalokho sonke Umkhaya wahlala e-Yaroslavl. Fedor Polushkin (Fedi usingababa) kwaba yomthengisi ephethwe izitshalo eziningana.

ukuqeqeshwa

Lo mfana abaqeqeshiwe ukufunda nokubhala kusukela nomfundisi wendawo futhi kakade azifundiswa kula makilasi okufunda bafundzi ematfuba ekukhombisa emakhono abo ezindaweni ezahlukene. Izimpisi waqala esemncane ukusiza usingayise wakhe kwezamabhizinisi. Kule ndaba, nge Saint - Petersburg umfana ihlangabezana ekuseni. Lapha waqale ubona opera isiNtaliyane, isiJalimane Russian zesiteji ukusebenza. Lapho iqaphela kokuqapha engqondo lo mfana futhi ikhono lokufunda, Polushkin ngisho unqume ukwenza uTheodore indlalifa eyamlandela zokuphila kwakhe. ubudlelwano Umkhaya zihamba kahle, futhi Fedor Polushkin wathola kahle uthunjana hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabo bonke abanye abafowabo yakhe.

Ukuze uqhubeke nokufunda Volkova wathunyelwa eMoscow, ukuze sokuqeqesha. Lapha yafundiswa uMthetho kaNkulunkulu, isiJalimane kanye mathematics. Umfana waba propensity enkulu ukufunda izilimi, kanye German yingcweti ekupheleleni. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi Fedor enkulu nengxenye ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu, ebibanjelwe Academy. Wayedlala ngoKhisimusi e amadrama, amahlaya kanye netinhlekelele. Umfana ayevelele kontanga amathalenta hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ingqondo ephapheme futhi umcabango, ikhono uguqule kalula.

Lapho iminyaka Fedoru Volkovu 17 ubudala, Polushkin enquma ukuthumela kuye ukufunda ezimali kanye nokuhweba. Fyodor volkov waya Petersburg lapho kuhlelwe ehhovisi German. Kulapha lapho ibhungu owayo uthandana yemidlalo, futhi ngisho unesifiso ukuvula yaseshashalazini ezweni lakubo - e Yaroslavl, lapho ayengathola khona ukubeka isitatimende kwemisebenzi Russian classical. Petersburg nge bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo nesandla ekwakhiweni zokunambitha umqondo ubuhle. Lapha volkov kwenza imidwebo, amamodeli imidwebo, kamuva zakha isisekelo ayeyakhele ethiyetha. Umlingisi Fyodor volkov, ogama izithombe kungabonakala le nto, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi ayikwazanga ikusasa lami lizokuba ngaphandle lokusungula. Nakhu okwenzeka.

imikhiqizo lokuqala

Umlingisi Fyodor volkov (suku lokuzalwa Februwari 20, 1729) lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-19 kungekho ukwesekwa zoyise - usingayise wakhe wafa. Ifa Polushkin umfana eshiya izimboni zabo. Ngemva kokubhaliswa komhiaba ukuthola ukuzimela kwezezimali Fyodor volkov nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe yaseshashalazini. Uqala nabangani esiteji yakhe ukusebenza, kwenziwa isethulo esibayeni, lapho ngaphambilini egcinwe izimpahla. Ngo-June 1950, e-okukhipha ukukhanya lokudlalwayo ezimbili, umculo okuyiwona siqanjwe eyedwa volkov ( "U-Esteri" futhi "Evmon futhi Berfa"). Abantu bakule ndawo wayezazisa lokusungula yamakhono abasha, futhi kungakabiphi Fedor uphatha ukuthola abashisekeli emphakathini okusezingeni eliphezulu. Voivod Musin-Pushkin kanye umninindlu Mike okunikelwe amalungu omphakathi okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuba ukunikela isizo leemali kilabo abadlali sifisa futhi babasekele nesifiso sokwakha yemidlalo, lapho zonke izakhamuzi zedolobhakazi bangase bachithe isikhathi ujabulela ukusebenza.

Fyodor volkov yaseshashalazini njengoba kufezeka iphupho

Ekuqaleni 1751 kuvulwa yaseshashalazini senzeka, okuyizinto opera "Thithu Isihe", volkov lihunyushwe lisuselwa Italian. Empeleni leli hholo kukhala lenqwaba udlala, futhi kamuva ngaphansi kokuqondisa Fedora Volkova wasebenza abadlali abaningi abadumile.

udumo

amatiyetha Famous komuzi Yaroslavl wakhula usuku nosuku futhi ngokushesha udumo lwakhe lwaba kuwo iNdlovukazi yena. Ngalesi sikhathi, isidingo ukusungula isimo yaseshashalazini wakhula, okuyinto kwakuhambisana nezinga ikhono ukuthuthukisa isithunzi yezwe futhi ukusungulwa umbuso yesimanje European. Elizaveta Petrovna ufisele uqinisekile ukubona zonke emehlweni. Ekuqaleni kuka-1952, umlingisi Fyodor volkov kakade wanikeza ukusebenza Petersburg. Ngo inkantolo ke kukhala ahlekisayo "Ngo ngokuphenduka onesono" inhlekelele "Horev", "iSinayi Truvor", "Hamlet", nabanye. Ukuze uvumele iNdlovukazi Theatre ayizange fisa futhi volkov ngokushesha waba umculi enkantolo futhi ngidlala esiteji okhokhelwayo. Abafo ka Fedor ngendaba efanayo sifika (lo abanamakhono kakhulu) wathumela nokuyala ubusosha, nabanye - bagoduka naye umvuzo. Bazalwane volkov futhi azinake, ngokushesha base ababhalisela ukuqeqeshwa kule ubusosha Corps Petersburg.

Ezemfundo emzimbeni sidlula uhlelo ethuthukisiwe, nabalingisi babefundiswa hhayi kuphela standard yalokho kuyala: nabo wafunda ngezinye izilimi, isayensi kanye yokuzijwayeza, amasu waseshashalazini ka aphindaphinde. Phakathi ukuqeqesha amasosha ukuthola iholo.

Russian ebhayisikobho yomphakathi

Ngo-August 1756 iNdlovukazi wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa Russian ebhayisikobho yomphakathi. Wadala nge nkundla Russian kwakuhluke kakhulu kulokho inkantolo yaseshashalazini pre-ekhona. It bavunyelwe bonke abakhileyo kulo muzi, futhi umbono play yakhokhwa. umqondisi Theatre uqoke A. P. Sumarokova. Fyodor volkov waba umlingisi lomcoka kanye nomqondisi umsizi. Futhi ngemva kokufa Sumarokova indawo yakhe kule post (1761).

ithalenta umdlali

Ukuze volkov zase zihleliwe isihloko tragedian induna yaseshashalazini. It is kahle kakhulu uyiphile indima ayenakho ukudlala inqwaba (isibonelo, i-American kule "Sanctuary zobuhle" ka Hamlet umqondisa Jaropolk "Jaropolk futhi Demiza" kanye nabanye). Kodwa okungenani wayedlala kahle futhi amahlaya izindima. ithalente okunjalo okuhlukahlukene Kwakungavamile emkhakheni ezigcawugcawu. Ubunjalo umlingisi lomcoka of the game futhi zihluke lezi. Muhle kakhulu futhi sinomuzwa obukhali yaseshashalazini, ubukwazi konke imithetho yakhe futhi canons. Lokhu kwakumenza akwazi ukuthutha ngezinye izikhathi alihambisani imithetho emisiwe nendlela ukudlala at intando. Sikhishwe ithalente lakhe, Sumarokov wabhala izindima eziningi ngaye, okwakunqunyelwe kuye kalula futhi eshiya ekugxiliseni ezibukelini. Volkova ngokuthi abalulekile kanye umlingisi engcono of the weshashalazi. ithalente lakhe kwaphawulwa kwabantu abahlonishwa ezinjalo isikhathi, njengoba D. I. Fonvizinym, J. Stehlin, N. I. Novikovym, G. R. Derzhavinym nabanye. Volkov udumo kungekho kudlala ezahlukene esingaphansi nanhlanu.

amathalenta Okunye Volkova

Ikhono Fedora Volkova akugcini yaseshashalazini, futhi lasakazekela nakwamanye izindawo. Wayengumuntu umqophi esihle - ezibaziweyo esangweni bobukhosi esontweni St Nicholas Nadeinskoy e Yaroslavl eziye zenziwa kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenza ngokudayisa zemabula sikaPeter Omkhulu. Painter Fedor futhi kwaba anekhono wabhala eziningi izithombe.

Ngo 1759 Fyodor volkov, biography kabani kwaqala ngo edolobheni elincane Kostroma esifundeni, iya eMoscow ngenxa yokushintsha yamabhayisikobho eMoscow. Kuze kube yimanje, kuthatha abadlali abambalwa kusukela Petersburg.

Indima kwezombusazwe

Umlingisi Fyodor volkov ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile empilweni zezombangazwe yezwe. Wathatha iqhaza kokugumbuqelwa uPetru III. Wadlala indima Umeluleki kuya uMbusikazi uCatherine, futhi kwamsiza ne-kuya sobukhosi. Ngo ukubonga Ekaterina Volkova elalizokwakhiwa e ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela. Nokho, naphezu isondele inkantolo futhi kakhulu Catherine Alekseevna, volkov akakwazanga ukumelana nesilingo sokuba indoda zekhethelo wasigcwalisa yena, ukuphuma umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila konke - ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Walile okuthunyelwe ka uNgqongqotjhe weKhabhinethi, kanye Order of St Andreya Pervozvannogo ayefuna ukuvuza iNdlovukazi.

ukuphila Siqu Volkova

Nge icala ikhanda ozinikela ukuphila kwabo futhi ayisebenzisele ke ngaso sonke isikhathi, Fyodor volkov ayizange ithole umndeni.

Bazalwane uTheodore wanikeza knighthood ngoba ubuqotho bakhe lokhokho kanye uMbusikazi uCatherine.

'Wokunqoba Minerva "

Ngesikhathi ukubusa esihlalweni sobukhosi uCatherine II kwanqunywa ukuba ahlele celebration enkulu eMoscow. Lo mcimbi nawo ngesonto Pancake, lapho umuzi wawenyukela Clowns futhi ujabula abantu. Ngenxa yalesi sehlakalo, volkov selihlanganise ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu njengoba azenza, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i 'Wokunqoba Minerva ". Ingqikithi yalo zokubukwa kwakungekho ukuchazela abantu ukuthi kokugumbuqelwa uPetru III saba impumelelo enkulu nenjabulo abantu, futhi sibonga lwabangela ukushintsha kukahulumeni ubulungiswa anganqoba. Nokusungulwa Empress entsha adunyiswe njengoba ukunqoba Minerva (Minerva - unkulunkulukazi ukuhlakanipha nobulungisa, engumxhasi wezobuciko, ngesayensi kanye nemisebenzi yezandla). Kulesi buka, volkov wakwazi ukubonisa iningi namakhono abo uthole ukunakwa omphakathi. Nokho, emkhosini, umlingisi esikhulu siye saba abandayo egula enomkhuhlane. Ngo-April 1763, wayesefa.

Fedora Volkova wangcwatshwa emathuneni eduze sezindela Androneva, kodwa ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Isigodlo labhujiswa futhi lusho indawo yethuna umlingisi omkhulu sika ilahlekile. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, emathuneni e Yaroslavl efakwe a qwembe lwesikhumbuzo yokudumisa umlingisi odumile.