Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe

imithombo eminingi Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe emelwe kanye umehluko kancane, futhi ingengaakwazi setfulo ehlelekile. Ngakho-ke, izazi-mlando ziye zakhomba imithombo othembeke kunabo bonke, esinikela ngolwazi izinganekwane kwabaseGibhithe, base awubona ngokucacile wemibhalo yenkolo. Ziyakwazi imithandazo esekhona kanye amaculo konkulunkulu, ubhala kwi izindonga emathuneni lapho emasikweni emingcwabo ayenziwa.

Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo kakhulu nokuzwelana abafileyo, bekholelwa ukuthi ukhona kukhona ngemva kokufa, ngakho Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe kusekelwe yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi eHayidese nabafileyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu amarekhodi ezivumela ukuxazulula imfihlakalo izinganekwane laseGibhithe - iyona endala "Ematheksthi Pyramid", uhlu lobukhosi emasikweni emingcwabo, kuqoshwe kuyo kwezindonga engaphakathi oFaro imibhoshongo okuqondene V futhi VI Dynasty. Imithombo futhi ingathiwa "Sarcophagus Imibhalo" futhi "Incwadi Abafileyo." mshini kokugcina eyahlanganiswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi okusha Kingdom, futhi kuze kube sekupheleni emlandweni waseGibhithe lasendulo.

Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ukuvela umphakathi class waqala ukwakha Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe, imininingwane lokuqala ezihlobene VI - IV ekhulwini BC. Kuwo wonke endaweni ukuba khona kokuphila kwakuyindaba yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi onkulunkulu labo obusingethwe wasezulwini emizimbeni, izihlahla, amatshe, izilwane, izinyoka, izinyoni, njll

Kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka izinganekwane waseGibhithe. Lena impahla esiyingqayizivele evumela ukufunda imibono yenkolo ukuthi eyayisikhona eMpumalanga Lasendulo, ukuze afeze izici ukuqhathanisa bese ibheka imibono yezwe yamaGreki namaRoma. It has umsebenzi omkhulu futhi ukuqonda umlando umsuka, ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa lwenkolo yobuKristu.

Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe, ekuqaleni buqala yayisekelwe hhayi onkulunkulu cosmic, ngokuvamile udumo selokhu kwasekelwa umhlaba. Ngokusho ososayensi, abapristi enkulu emibonweni Cosmological ziqondiswe kamuva. Izinguqulo zokuqala zomhlaba emphakathini ke ekhona kwaba inyunyana wezwe phezulu Wezulu Nomhlaba, kusukela lapho Sun wazalwa. Lokhu lisitshela Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe. Onkulunkulu, yokwenza samuntu umhlaba (Geb), isibhakabhaka (Nut) futhi ilanga (Ra) zikhona yonke imithombo ukuthi behlele izinsuku zethu. Bachazwa kulo lonke emlandweni waseGibhithe lasendulo kule miBhalo, nezithombe zabo amathuna amaningi oFaro. Ngokusho izinkolelo abaseGibhithe unkulunkulukazi esibhakabhakeni njalo ekuseni Nut sizala Ra - nonkulunkulu welanga, futhi njalo kusihlwa wafihla esiswini salo.

Izizinda zenkolo elikhulu Egypt (Heliopolis, Hermopolis futhi Memphis) kwadingeka ohlelweni lwaso, ezazihlanganisa inguqulo ehlukile ekudalweni kwezwe. Ngamunye wabo waba umdali yayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abakhulu unkulunkulu wabo. Yena, kunguye sikakhokho kwabo bonke onkulunkulu emzungezile.

enkolweni yaseGibhithe umqondo jikelele, esekelwe umbono wokuba khona lamanzi nezinxushunxushu wabantu egxilile ebumnyameni okuphakade ezandulela ukuvela emhlabeni. Ukuvela ukukhanya, ngokombono wabo, kwaba ukuqala okukhiphayo kusuka isiphithiphithi, kodwa kwaba samuntu ilanga. izethulo okunjalo kusukela umbono mlando kuyaqondakala, ngoba labantu Egypt njalo ngonyaka kuba ngufakazi Nile, ngemva kwayo kwaba khona ukwehla yamanzi. Kubo kuwukuziphatha yaminyaka yonke indalo.

Uma sikhuluma umqondo ezifana Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe, onkulunkulu amelwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. A Empeleni ukwazi, naphezu izindaba cosmogonic, ukunaka ekhokhelwe ukudalwa komuntu. I ifa kwezincwadi leli lizwe cishe nakuphathwa. enkolweni yaseGibhithe ibonisa ukuthi onkulunkulu wadala umhlaba ukuze abantu, futhi lokuzalwa indoda yakhe ukweleta kuNkulunkulu. Abapristi-Oni kubhekwa umdali kankulunkulu emhlabeni Ra, olubhalwe nge Atum ngomfanekiso womuntu futhi Khepri njengoba ibhungane scarab. Lokhu kuboniswa "Pyramid Imibhalo."