Zinhlayiya ketshezi

Okunamandla Liquid - lezi izinto okuyizinto mesomorphic (Ngokwesilinganiso, Lesisemkhatsini) phakathi ketshezi isotropic futhi crystalline okuqinile. Lezi zici bayakwazi ukuba makhaza, kungaba ngesimo amaconsi. Kanye ukubonakaliswa lezi izakhiwo, zinhlayiya ketshezi abonise anisotropic kazibuthe, ugesi, optical, kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezihlobene ne-ukuhleleka kuka yamangqamuzana orientation. Ngamanye amazwi, izinto anezici nxazonke. In the ukungabikho zangaphandle ithonya anisotropic ketshezi amakristalu in conductivity ezishisayo, conductivity kagesi, ezifweni kazibuthe, futhi njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating. I izinto imakwe dichroism futhi birefringence.

Kuye ekwamukelweni uhlukanise lyotropic futhi thermotropic zinhlayiya ketshezi. Kukhona ukwehlukana izinhlobo ukuxhumana ne isakhiwo yezinhlayiya.

Okunamandla Smectic Liquid

Okokuqala wathola nabo insipho (kungakho igama layo liyi - "smegma" - insipho). Imikhawulo amangqamuzana njengoba ilungiswe izimbazo yabo longitudinal izindiza perpendicular. Smectic zinhlayiya ketshezi zinezikhathi isakhiwo egqinsiwe. Lezi izinto tibe netisombululo aqueous insipho, ETHYL ester azoksibenzoynoy.

"Smectics 'kubhekwe isigaba ebanzi kakhulu zinhlayiya ketshezi. Kukhethwe izinhlobo futhi babonakalise ferroelectric (nokuba khona nokwehlukana sebengavela lokushisa ezithile ezahlukene). viscosity High ayivunyelwe ukuthola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi smectic zinhlayiya uketshezi kule art.

kinematics

Nematic zinhlayiya liquid orientation ezahlukene longitudinal izimbazo yamangqamuzana ezinye isiqondiso. Ngamanye amazwi, benza zinezikhathi yesikhathi eside ukuze orientational. Igama crystal livela definition yesiGreki "eziyizimungulu" - ngentambo. Disinclinations (sesigcilikisha) abe ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu ekukhanyeni esingokwemvelo, kuyabonakala.

Cholesteric zinhlayiya ketshezi kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo

Ifomu yamangqamuzana izinto zalolu hlobo kuhlelwe parallel elongate ipuleti. Cholesterics ukunikeza propyl ether cholesterol holesteriltsinnamat, nezinye nemikhiqizo cholesterol.

Thermoindicators zinhlayiya ketshezi cholesteric kabanzi dianostike yezokwelapha futhi lobuchwepheshe. Ukuzwela kwama-lezi zinto lokushisa ivumela ngeso wokusabalalisa lokushisa phezu. Lokhu, isetshenziswa imaging (observation izinqubo phakathi nomzimba, optically opaque), ukuthola ezinye izifo, kanye lokushisa izinzwa. Lezi zinhlayiyana akhiwa iphethini lokushisa ngesimo eshadini umbala. Cholesterics singasebenza lapho behumusha Amasimu microwave. Izinkomba ezisetshenziswa ukwenziwa ashukumisayo ukukhanya kusakazeka umphumela. Esikhathini okucaciswe luketshezi isetshenziswa ukukhanya kuma. Lokhu kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho, amandla LCDs aphansi kakhulu kunezinye ifilimu kanye powder phosphors likhipha diodes, igesi osenyameni display. Cholesterics elisetshenziswa ushintsho esekelwe isithombe infrared ibe ebonakalayo.

I cholesteric crystal liquid (ngokungafani nematic) Dynamic ukukhanya kusakazeka angase abe inkumbulo - state, ukukhanya kusakazeka kungase kuphikelele ngisho emva ukususwa the field. Kulokhu, izakhiwo ezithile cholesteric sinomthelela isikhathi isimo. Ngakho, imemori ukuthemba nokulalela uJesu imizuzu embalwa khona iminyaka eminingana. Esikhathini Imiphumela isimo sokuqala (non-kusakazeka) endaweni cholesteric kushintshana voltage. impahla wathi isetshenziswa kumiswa inkumbulo amaseli.