Isitshalo kwezimila

Ukuphefumula - lena impahla jikelele zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuthi kukhona emhlabeni. Impahla main kwemigudu yokuphefumula-mpilo ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo is uxhumana izicubu ephilayo organic compounds ukwakha amanzi nesikhutha. isitshalo kwezimila kuhambisana ukumuncwa amanzi isitshalo eziphilayo, futhi endaweni ezungezile izitshalo endaweni ikhiphe i-carbon dioxide.

Lapho ephefumula ukuzihlalela isitshalo amandla kudliwe izidakamizwa organic, le nqubo siyachithwa photosynthesis lapho isitshalo kwezicubu izakhi buthelela. Emini cishe zonke izitshalo akhiqiza i-oksijini, kodwa kangakanani ezitokisini zabo parallel ophethe inqubo ukuphefumula, kodwa kwenzeka ngaphansi uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Plant kwezimila ebusuku kukhona asebenzayo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa-photosynthesis, okuyinto, ngaphandle ukufinyelela yokuma ukukhanya.

Kwesenzo sokuphefumula ezitshalweni

Futhi isitshalo cell, ngokulandelana, lonke isitshalo sisonke, kukhona inikezwa ukugeleza esiqhubekayo izinto plastic kanye namandla. Kwesenzo sokuphefumula, kusukela iphuzu amakhemikhali buka, yakhiwa amaningi uchungechunge amayunithi exhunywe redox ukusabela ezenzeka phakathi organelles yeselula, futhi ahambisana cleavage ejenti. Kukhishwe ngu cleavage wamandla asetshenziswa amandla isitshalo.

Kwangaphandle kwezimila izitshalo - ukushintshana igesi phakathi umzimba ngqo nesitshalo ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa stomata emaqabungeni noma lenticels iziqu. Zokuphefumula isitshalo uhleleke kakhudlwana kakhulu namaqabunga, zemithi, sifanamsindvo, ngamunye ulwelwe cells.

izicubu kwezimila

Phakathi kwezimila yeselula ezitshalweni ukuhlangabezana isakhiwo ekhethekile kwamaseli - the mitochondria. Lezi organelles zezitshalo amaseli zihlukile kobezilwane ukuthi zingachazwa ngezinqubo izici of impilo inqubo isitshalo (yokuphila - fixed, izinguquko umzimba ngenxa yezimo iyashintsha kwemvelo).

Ngakho-ke, isitshalo kwezimila izindlela kuhambisana namachibi ezengeziwe izakhi organic, okuyinto akhiqizwa enzyme okunye. algorithm ukuphefumula kungenziwa emelelwa diagrammatically njengoba namachibi yokusabela-carbon dioxide, wamnika namanzi ukuba ushukela ngenxa ukumuncwa oxygen. Lokhu kuhambisana ukukhululwa kwe ukushisa, ngokusobala okuyinto sobala ngesikhathi izimbali ukuqhakaza futhi imbewu ukuhluma. isitshalo emishinini yokuphefumula - akusiwona amandla nje isize bona ukukhula nokuthuthuka okwengeziwe zalesi sihlahla. Ukuphefumula indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngezinye izigaba Lesisemkhatsini inqubo zokuphefumula ukhiqiza organic compounds asetshenziswa ke umzimba, ezifana pentose futhi acid organic. Ukuphefumula kanye photosynthesis, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okuphambene ngokwemvelo, kuhlobene, njengoba imithombo abathwali amandla ezifana NADPH, ATP futhi metabolites kuseli. Amanzi, okuyinto ikhishwe lapho ukuphefumula ezimweni ezomile igcina lesi sihlahla amanzi emzimbeni. Ngakho, uma inqubo okukhulu kakhulu, ngokweqile amandla zokuphefumula njengoba ukushisa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ndaba ezomile amaseli bukhoma.